Ayurvedic Formulation Research Articles

Development and validation of simple stability indicating RP-HPLC method for piperine estimation in Piper nigrum, marketed formulations and nanoformulation

The objective of the current research is to develop simple, rapid, precise and sensitive RP-HPLC method for piperine estimation and its application to marketed Ayurvedic and herbal formulations. A reversed-phase C-18 column (5 mm, 4.6 mm, 250 mm, ZORBAX) was used to achieve the separation of piperine. Optimal chromatographic conditions were established by using mobile phase consisting of methanol and water in a 75:25 ratio with flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 342 nm. The developed HPLC method to estimate piperine was validated in compliance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The newly developed method demonstrated linearity in the range of 0.5-16 μg/mL, with a regression coefficient R2 > 0.999. The accuracy of the developed method was confirmed by a recovery rate ranging from 98.20% to 99.42%. Precision was also ensured, with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) less than 2%. Additionally, the method exhibited robustness. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for piperine was found to be 0.00056 μg/ml and 0.0016 μg/ml respectively. Moreover, the degradation characteristics of piperine were examined in compliance with ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. Piperine demonstrated pronounced degradation behaviour in both oxidative and thermal investigations. The developed analytical technique was successfully employed to quantify piperine in Piper nigrum, in commercially available Ayurvedic and herbal products and in nanotransfersomes. Also, the developed method was used to estimate the percent drug entrapped within nanotransfersomes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the established approach is well-suited for performing routine quality analysis of formulations containing piperine.

Review on Chandrakala Rasa - A Kharaliya Rasayana

Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda, which deals with formulations prepared with varied origin of drugs like metals, minerals, marine drugs, silicate drugs, etc. The formulations are grouped into four categories namely Kharaliya Yogas, Parpati Yogas, Kupipakwa Yogas and Pottali Yogas. Chandrakala Rasa comes under Kharaliya Rasa category of Rasaushadhis. Chandrakala Rasa is one of the Ayurvedic formulations mentioned under Mutrakricchra (Dysuria), Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Daha (Burning sensations), Jwara (Fever), as per different classical textbooks. It is a herbo- mineral formulation indicated in Pitta Vikara (disease caused by vitiation of Pitta dosha) such as Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Raktapradara (Menorrhagia), Jwara (Fever), Prameha (Diabetes), Mutrakriccha (Dysuria), etc. Various references of it are mentioned in different classical text books.

Exploring the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in managing Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Chronic Renal Failure (CKD) refers to a continual, irreversible reduction in nephron count. Identifying risk factors for CKD, even in those with normal GFR, is crucial factors include hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune issues, older age, African ancestry, family history of renal disease, previous acute renal failure, and indications like proteinuria or structural urinary tract irregularities. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted at the O.P.D. of Dept. of Kayachikitsa, State Ayurveda College & Hospital Lucknow. A total 34 patients were screened out of which 30 Patients meeting inclusion criteria were registered. The patient was given Gokshuradi Guggulu, Mutraghata Har Yoga (MGH Yoga) & Trina Panchmula Kwatha. Results: Out of 26 participants, 57.7% reported relief, 15.4% noted moderate improvement, and 7.7% reported mild improvement. Additionally, 19.2% stated no change, and none reported worsened health. These percentages indicate the intervention's potential effectiveness, with the majority experiencing relief. Discussion: Ayurvedic formulations, such as Trinpanchmool Kwath, Gokshuradi Guggulu, And MGH Yoga, exhibit promise in CKD management by addressing oxidative stress, diuretic action, and nephroprotective qualities.

Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the damage of the nerves due to the uncontrolled diabetes. It can affect any of the neurons can affect any of the neurons. Diabetic distal symmetric sensory and sensorimotor polyneuropathy is the most prevalent type of diabetic neuropathy. The symptoms appear as sensory loss, first in the toes and progressively moving up the legs, fingers, and arms over time. Tingling sensation, Burning sensation, Deep aching pain are other related symptoms. A patient age 54 years with diabetes for past 15 years, hypertension, dyslipidemia, complains of burning sensation of both feet (right>left), numbness, pricking pain, unsteadiness while walking, brownish red discolouration of both lower limbs. The symptoms were gradual in onset. Nerve Conduction Study showed axonal type of motor and sensory affecting peroneal nerve neuropathy. He admitted in Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College Hospital, done Vibrotherm Neuropathy Analyzer and revealed small and large fibre neuropathy with severe loss of sensations. The main intention of the study is to improve the quality of life of the patient by reducing the symptoms that is disturbing his day today routine. Patient given with anti diabetic Ayurvedic formulations internally. Externally Rookshana, Vatahara, Brimhana treatments were done. After the treatment, Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, diabetic Neuropathy symptom score, Toronto clinical scoring system score were reduced. Neuropathy Analyzer showed mild to moderate loss of sensation. By adopting Prameha hara chikitsa coupled with Vata vyadhihara chikitsa, complications of diabetes can be managed. It is important to focus on diet and regimen since diabetes is a lifestyle disorder and, in ayurveda it is considered as an Anushangi Vyadhi.

Evaluation and method development for quantification of Piperine in Hutabhugadi Churna by RP- HPLC

Aim and Objective: The current work was aimed at preparing the Hutabhugadi Churna in the laboratory and evaluating the same including the method development for the estimation of a marker compound Piperine by using RP-HPLC. Methods: Prepared Hutabhugadi churna was subjected for macroscopic, physical, and chemical evaluation considering WHO guidelines. The methanolic extract was subjected for estimation of Piperine as marker using RP-HPLC. Results: The macroscopic characteristics like colour, odour and taste are recorded. The physical characteristics like loss on drying, ash value, extractive value, swelling index, foaming index, powder properties like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index etc. were determined. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out. The results are compared with marketed formulation of Hutabhugadi churna. The retention time of the standard Piperine was found to be 5.517, while the Piperine in extracts of laboratory and marketed formulations was found to be was found to be 5.554 and 5.562 respectively. The concentration of Piperine in laboratory and marketed formulation was found to be 0.17 %w/w and 0.18 % w/w respectively. The method developed was also validated. Conclusion: The laboratory made Hutabhugadi churna and marketed formulation of Hutabhugadi churna was comparatively evaluated. The resulting data will be useful for the standardization of the Hutabhugadi churna, an Ayurvedic formulation.

Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation Mentone

Introduction: Polyherbalism is extensively practiced in traditional medicine and constitutes complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Greater therapeutic efficacy ensues from the synergistic effects of constituents mediated by pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions and safety at higher dosages. Very few studies exist on mechanistics, despite rampant polyherbal use. Mentone tablet is a polyherbal constituting equal components of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. and Thomson. Materials and Methods: Proximate and phytochemical analysis followed by quantification of polyphenolics was carried out. Asiatic acid, berberine, betaine, and glycyrrhizin were characterized using ultraviolet–high-performance liquid chromatography (UV-HPLC). Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) quenching activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion microbial susceptibility test followed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Results: Aqueous extraction using Soxhlet generated maximum yield. Proximate analysis yielded 52.96% ash, pH ranged from 5.75 to 5.76, and 5% moisture content. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of inorganic substances and phytochemicals: saponins, reducing sugars, terpenoids, starch, glycosides, and triterpenoids. Phenols were higher in aqueous, while flavonoids and tannins were higher in ethanolic extracts. HPLC revealed the presence of glycyrrhizin and asiatic acid. Mentone extracts at 100 µg/mL showed the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP assays, and H2O2 radical scavenging. Ethanolic extracts above 50 mg/mL demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603. Conclusion: Mentone contains phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. With active constituents such as asiatic acid and glycyrrhizin, Mentone could constitute a CAM for oxidative stress-induced diseases, including neurodegeneration.

Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions on application of Nagaradi Lepa - A Retrospective analysis

Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are among the most common types of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Although considered natural and safe, Ayurveda medicines can cause adverse reactions. This article highlights the cases of cutaneous adverse drug reactions possibly due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and record based study conducted by analyzing the spontaneous reported ADR forms, caused by the external application of Nagaradi lepa, collected over a period of 12 months (April 2022 to March 2023) at Peripheral Pharmacovigilance Centre, VPSV Ayurveda College Kottakkal, Kerala. Results: During the period of one year, 3 cutaneous ADRs were reported due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. All the 3 cases fall under the category of Probable according to Naranjo’s ADR Probability scale. 2 cases were mild and 1 case was moderate in severity. All the 3 cases were recovered from ADR. Conclusion: Though under reporting, we may have to consider the possibility of Ayurvedic drugs to cause adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance is an ongoing and continuous process. Reporting of ADR to Pharmacovigilance centers help to generate information on ADR related Ayurvedic formulations and also to prevent its recurrence.

The GC-MS Study of the Ayurvedic Formulation “Dhanwantharam Thailam” Used for Rheumatism

ABSTRACT Background: The scientific validity of contemporary and alternative medicinal practices, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, holds significant importance in today’s context. Aim and Objective: The present study employs gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to investigate a pain-relieving Ayurvedic oil, Dhanwantharam Thailam, aiming to establish correlations between its medicinal activity and the biomolecules it contains. Materials and Methods: Procured sample from a reputable Ayurvedic vendor in Chennai, Dhanwantharam Thailam underwent GC-MS analysis using standard procedures. Results and Discussion: The resulting profile revealed the presence of crucial molecules like oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, ethenyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (Z, Z), aligning with the medicinal properties attributed to Dhanwantharam Thailam. Conclusion: The identification of these biomolecules supports the role of Dhanwantharam Thailamas an effective pain-relieving oil.

Physicochemical characterization of commercially available Dhanwantharam Mezhupakam - An Ayurvedic oil formulation

As a neuroprotective and nervine tonic, Dhanwantharam Mezhupakam (DM) is a medicated polyherbal oil formulation made using an Ayurvedic method. It is made by steeping herbs in significant water while simmering Taliam oil for a long time with a paste-like herb mixture. The purpose of the current study was to establish its standard criteria in accordance with the monograph to preserve the product's safety, consistency and quality manufacturing while also determining its heavy metal concentration. Organoleptic assessment, physicochemical evaluation, phytochemical evaluation, chromatographic analysis for active ingredients and heavy metal analysis are some of the formulation-related criteria that are assessed. According to pharmacopeia standards, every metric was examined. According to the study's findings, the formulation was well-standardized in terms of its physical consistency, chemical profile, phytoconstituents and antibacterial properties. Additionally, it was discovered that the sample's heavy metal contents were within WHO and API-acceptable standards.

Cell line studies in Ayurveda: Bridging ancient wisdom and modern science

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, offers holistic solutions to modern health challenges by addressing the root causes of illness. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating Ayurveda with modern scientific approaches through interdisciplinary research to explore synergies and uncover novel insights for healthcare advancements. Cell line studies are emerging as a pivotal tool in this effort. These studies facilitate the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying Ayurvedic principles and formulations, offering valuable insights into their therapeutic efficacy. This review article evaluates the role of cell line studies in bridging the gap between ancient Ayurvedic wisdom and modern scientific understanding. It provides an overview of existing research on cell line studies of Ayurvedic medicines, exploring their effectiveness, identifying key herbs and formulations studied, discussing clinical and pharmacological findings, addressing challenges and future directions, and emphasizing the importance of scientific validation when integrating Ayurveda into conventional healthcare.

Exploring the Antimicrobial Efficacy of <i>Panchavalkala Kwatha</i> and <i>Arka</i>: A Comprehensive Study

Panchavalkala, a combination of five tree barks, is significant in Ayurvedic formulations as an individual ingredient and in composite preparations. These five barks are Vata (Ficus bengalensis L.), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata Roxb.), Ashwatha (Ficus religiosa L.), Parisha (Thespesia populanea Soland. ex-Correa.), and Plaksha (Ficus lacor Buch-Ham.). As per Ayurveda, Panchavalkala Kwatha has vrana ropana (wound healing) properties and is also known for its diverse properties encompassing antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial attributes, rendering it valuable for wound purification and healing. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial potential of Panchavalkala Kwatha (PVK) while validating its ancient Ayurvedic significance in wound healing. The study involves meticulously preparing Panchavalkala Kwatha and Panchavalkala Arka. Panchavalkala Kwatha is meticulously prepared by the guidelines stipulated in Sharangadhara Samhita, while Panchavalkala Arka (PVA) follows the principles outlined in Arka Prakasha. The antimicrobial activity of Panchavalkala Kwatha and Panchavalkala Arka was assessed using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the well-diffusion assay. Panchavalkala Kwatha exhibits a substantial zone of inhibition measuring 25 mm against E. coli and 28 mm against S. aureus. This antimicrobial efficacy is comparable to Ciprofloxacin’s, signifying potent antimicrobial activity. In contrast, Panchavalkala Arka shows no inhibitory effect on microbial growth. These results underscore the robust antibacterial activity of Panchavalkala Kwatha against both E. coli and S. aureus, while Panchavalkala Arka remains inert. This research furnishes primary evidence supporting the antibacterial properties of Panchavalkala Kwatha against E. coli and S. aureus. These findings suggest the potential utility of this Ayurvedic formulation in expediting wound healing processes.

Regional and Irrigation-Induced Variations in Secondary Metabolites of Calotropis procera Flowers in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Rajasthan

Calotropis procera, a species of family Asclepiadaceae is known in traditional system of medicine from centuries due to its property of curing a number of ailments. It is a xerophytic shrub found in tropical regions of Asia and Africa. It’s flower is useful in anorexia, indigestion and intestinal worm infestation, dysentry, abdominal disorders etc. It is used in many Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha formulations. Hence investigation on the regional and irrigation-induced variations in secondary metabolites of Calotropis procera flowers across diverse agro-climatic zones in Rajasthan, India, was taken up to find best region for their collection. The study shows that ACZ IIIA has the highest petroleum ether extract content and ACZ V displays elevated methanol extract yields. Within ACZ IB, involving Hanumangarh and Suratgarh, contrasting results in petroleum ether extract and methanol extract yields are observed, with petroleum ether extract higher in the irrigated area and methanol higher in the non-irrigated region. ACZ V demonstrates the maximum total extractive yield, while ACZ IB shows minimum values. Flowers from the irrigated area in Hanumangarh (ACZ IB) exhibit lower values for sterols and alkaloids compared to those from Suratgarh, the non-irrigated region, indicating a complex interplay of environmental factors. The observed variations provide insights into the environmental influences on secondary metabolite content of Calotropis procera flowers, contributing to a deeper understanding from ecological and agricultural perspectives.

MANAGEMENT OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS THROUGH PANCHAKARMA -A CASE STUDY

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNF) is an increasingly common cause of musculoskeletal disability. It is a progressive pathological process, resulting in the death of bone cells of the femur head due to disruption of blood supply to the proximal femur. However, the healing process is usually effective in AVN, and the bone tissue breaks down faster than the body can repair. All the treatment procedures are cost worthy, and the prognosis is poor. Management of AVNF aims to prevent structural deformity, regulate functional activity, and relieve pain. There is no direct diagnostic correlation to AVNF in Ayurvedic classics; however, signs and symptoms of AVNF are nearer to Vatarakta and Asthimajjagata vata (disorders of musculoskeletal origin). Objectives: By considering AVNF as Vatarakta, Asthimajjagata vata has attempted in the present study to evaluate the efficiency of Ayurvedic formulation in the conservative management of AVNF. Method-A case of AVN with bilateral femoral head presented with complaints of pain in the bilateral hip region with difficulty in routine work, i.e. walking, sitting, squatting, along with a change in gait. Initially, the patient was treated with Manjishtadi Kshara Basti, followed by Manjishtadi Ksheera Basti and Anuvasana Basti with Panchatiktaka gritha as per Karma Basti schedule (modified), followed by Shaman Aushadhi. Result-Patient was observed for symptomatic improvement based on a questionnaire over graded signs & symptoms, also observed for clinical examination before & after treatment, and the therapy provided marked relief from pain, tenderness, stiffness and improvement in the gait & hip joint movements. Conclusion: The study has shown that conservative management of AVNF can be managed effectively through Ayurvedic principles and improve quality of life.

Physical, Chemical and Enzymatic Changes in Amla (Emblica officinalis) Fruit during Growth and Maturation.

Amla (Emblica officinalis) is one of the most prominent fruits in terms of nutritional and medicinal properties and is utilized for the preparation of many traditional processed foods and in Ayurvedic formulations. This study aims to investigate the enzyme activity and physical and chemical quality parameters during the growth and development stages of amla fruit for the determination of proper harvesting time to get optimum nutrient contents of fruit. The amla fruits of the chakaiya variety were harvested at 135 to 270 days after fruit set (DAFS) in 2021 and 2022 to study the various physical, chemical and enzymatic changes during growth and maturation. The geometrical and gravimetric attributes of the fruit, viz. diameter, height, weight, volume, surface area, sphericity, aspect ratio, and radius of curvature increased. However, density decreased with the growth and maturation of the fruit. Furthermore, the rolling resistance, yellowness index and firmness of the fruit increased during the entire harvesting period of 135 to 270 DAFS. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruits increased only up to 195 DAFS and after that, continuously decreased. In contrast, ascorbic acid concentration grew in the entire growth and development period. Tannic, phenolic compounds and naringin content of the fruit steadily dropped until the final stage of harvest. Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME) activity was detected very low, 0.009 unit/ml at 135 DAFS, but as the fruit grew and matured, activity increased to 0.307 unit/ml at 270 DAFS. Polygalactouronase (PG) activity was not detected until 210 DAFS and, thereforesignificantly increased with maturity. Considering the optimal value of all studied physical, chemical and enzymatic attributes of the fruit during the entire harvesting period of 135 to 270 DAFS, the optimal harvesting time of the fruit was 210 DAFS.

Regulatory Pathways for Ayurvedic Formulations in India

Abstract: Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine originating in India, focuses on teaching people how to live a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda describes health as harmony between body, mind, emotions, and spirituality. It interprets illness as a symptom and result of disharmony. It is a system that is increasingly becoming an object of interest for people around the world. It is a way for healthy people looking for methods of prevention and patients looking for natural ways to heal. The regulatory requirements for its formulations have been a major challenge. Some regulations for Ayurveda are clubbed together with those of other systems of medicine, for ex-ample, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy due to their similarity, but the official books relevant to the Ayurvedic systems of medicine are separately compiled and conserved. Ayurveda does not prohibit anything, it does not act invasively or aggressively, and in the treatment of ailments it uses all naturally occurring bioactive substances, which, for example, in Western countries are associated with "functional food" or "dietary supplements". In order to increase the quality and reliability of Ayurvedic formulations, various councils and departments under these ministries have been laying the foundation of standards and protocols as per the demands of regulatory au-thorities. The direct or indirect connection among the different Ministries of India governing the regulations for the production, standardization, and development of Ayurvedic formulations has also been viewed. Improvement in quality parameters has a higher level of acceptance of ayur-vedic formulations. It has amplified the market size of the ayurvedic pharmaceutical industry. The synchronisation of various regulations in India could emerge as a powerful tool in establish-ing a novel platform for the whole world in the manufacturing and development of ayurvedic formulations for the benefit of mankind.

A Review on Probable Mode of Action of Gandhaka Rasayana - An Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Formulation with Multifaceted Action

As per ancient Ayurvedic scholars for getting a desirable outcome of any medication, it should be precisely analysed before prescribing to the patient. There are numbers of classical formulations successfully practiced by Ayurvedic physicians for treating various ailments but in maximum cases there is lack of data regarding their details mechanism of action. Such one multidrug classical formulation is Gandhaka rasayana which is widely practiced Ayurvedic formulation. Gandhaka rasayana have been used in Ayurvedic Rasashastra to treat various types of diseases related to Tvak, Mandhagni, various Srotas. It is a time tested formulation used by Ayurvedic practitioners for correcting Kushta, Indralupta, Vatarakta, Palitya, Dushta vrana, Arumsika etc. Modern scientific world needs explanation and logic behind the mode of action of Gandhaka rasayana with respective to each particular disease. This review is an attempt to explain multiple mode of action of Gandhaka rasayana in various diseases on analysing properties of ingredients. Analysis of mode of action gives deep insight about use of formulation with a better understanding.

The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analysis of an Ayurvedic Formulation Amruthadi Kashaya

Amruthadi Kashaya is a Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in the book Arogya Kalpadruma for the treatment of Pandu (anaemic syndrome), Kamala (jaundice) and Raktapitha (bleeding disorders). The Yoga contains six drugs namely Amrutha (Tinospora cordifolia), Vasa (Adhatoda vasica), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Tiktha (Solanum anguivi), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Pichumantha (Azadirachta indica). This Kashaya is rich in phytoconstituents, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and lipids, which are known for their many biological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of the current study is to use Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis to identify the different types of bio molecules that are present in this Kashaya. Kashaya was prepared according to standard protocol. It was concentrated in the rotary vacuum evaporator, and the total soluble solid (TSS) obtained was used for GCMS analysis. The GCMS of Kashaya showed the presence of bio molecules such as 7 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Methyl tetradecanoate, Diethyl Phthalate, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester, Methyl stearate, à-Terpineol, Methyl 8-methylnonanoate, 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, à, à,4-trimethyl-, acetate, Decanoic acid, methyl ester, 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E)-, Ethyl iso-allocholate, Spiro [2,4] hepta-4,6-diene, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) etc. à-Terpineol, 7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Butylated hydroxytoluene, Nerolidyl acetate have antioxidant activity likewise some of the bio molecules have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer activity. It is concluded that Ayurvedic formulation Amruthadi Kashaya contains many bio molecules having therapeutic actions.

Effect of Uttar Basti in Management of Tubal Block

Infertility is a condition of reproductive system that causes people to be unable to get pregnant (conceive). It has been considered the second biggest reason for female infertility Infections, abdominal surgery, and diseases such as endometriosis can cause scarring at the inner linings of fallopian tubes. According to Acharya Susruta, four factors essential for conception are Ritu (season), Kshetra (reproductive system), Ambu (nourishing Substances) and Beeja (ovum and sperm). All these terms have broad are compared with the Artavavaha (Artava-bija-vaha) Srotas, blocking of fallopian tubes is compared with the Sanga Srotodushti of Aartavavaha Srotas.
 The goal of this study was to determine Uttar Bastis potential as a more affordable and safe solution for treating tubal obstruction. The present paper is based on a clinical success story of the treatment of primary infertility due to tubal blockage. After the 1-month of procedure improvement in general condition was reported. On completion of the second month patient reported amenorrhea in subsequent month and went for UPT which was positive. On USG (after 3 weeks) a single well-defined gestational sac with foetal cardiac activity was seen. The result obtained in this single case study was quite encouraging with minimum invasion and side effects as well as cost-effective. So, the treatment protocol can be followed for patients of infertility due to corneal end tubal block. Success was achieved with Uttar Basti and some supportive Ayurvedic formulations.

Phytochemical Evaluation of Selected Ayurvedic Formulations and Evaluate their Antioxidant Activity

Abstract: The Ayurvedic formulations' evaluation is very wide and deep. The project's goal was to evaluate the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Ayurvedic formulations used to treat digestive disorders. Herbal formulations are typically available as single or mixed formulations of multiple plant constituents, and it is critical to quantify the number of markers present in such formulations to ensure the product's high quality. The extract of formulations (Ajmodadi churna, Avipattikar churna, and Sanjivani vati) was subjected to physicochemical screening, phytochemical screening, HPTLC, and antioxidant activity was observed in the current study. Three ayurvedic formulations (Sanjivini vati, Ajmodadi Churna, and Avipattikar Churna) were studied physicochemically in this study. The extraction process determined the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The antioxidant capacity of the selected formulation was calculated by three methods; total antioxidant capacity, ferric- reducing power, and DPPH scavenging activity. The active constituent was isolated using the HPTLC method. This study shows that the formulations Ajmodai churna, Avipattikar churna, and Sanjivani vati are important sources of antioxidant compounds. The active constituent was isolated using the HPTLC method. The HPTLC technique showed the presence of phenolics and terpenoids that are responsible for antioxidant activity. Phenolics and Terpenoids, due to their antioxidant activity, are used as an important source for digestive disorders.

Acute Toxicity Study of Hexane Extract of <i>Sodhita Semecarpus anacardium</i> L. Drupe in Wistar Albino Rats and its Prediction Using <i>In-Silico</i> Tool

Semecarpus anacardium L. belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Its drupe is widely used in Ayurvedic formulations after sodhana processing as it is listed under Schedule E1 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940. In this study, sodhita Semecarpus anacardium L. drupe was extracted with n-hexane and the yield was found to be 56%. The extract was subjected to GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis and its characteristics were studied using an in silico tool. Acute oral and dermal toxicity studies were performed on the Wistar albino rats as per the OECD 425 and 402 guidelines respectively. The GCMS data revealed the presence of C13H18O3 (m/z: 222.1) with an abundance of 93.63%. The compound was predicted as potentially hazardous with a probable mutagenic category of ICH M7 class 3. An oxirane functional group of the compound was predicted to cause potent irritation properties to the eyes and skin with positive scores of 0.76 and 0.57 respectively. The LD50 was found to be more than the limit dose of 2000mg/kg body weight upon oral administration. Acute dermal exposure at a limited dose of 2000mg/kg body weight did not cause mortality. However, inflammatory responses started appearing within 48 hours of exposure. Histopathology revealed mild dermal oedema, mild fibrosis, dilated follicles hyperplasia etc. No changes were found in haematological parameters. Inflammation and dermal allergic reactions were completely self-healed by the end of 14 days. The results suggest that the oil portion of the sodhita drupe possesses the irritant properties of the Semecarpus anacardium. It might be due to the presence of the compound C13H18O3 with Oxirane as a functional group.