Exploring the Antimicrobial Efficacy of <i>Panchavalkala Kwatha</i> and <i>Arka</i>: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

Panchavalkala, a combination of five tree barks, is significant in Ayurvedic formulations as an individual ingredient and in composite preparations. These five barks are Vata (Ficus bengalensis L.), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata Roxb.), Ashwatha (Ficus religiosa L.), Parisha (Thespesia populanea Soland. ex-Correa.), and Plaksha (Ficus lacor Buch-Ham.). As per Ayurveda, Panchavalkala Kwatha has vrana ropana (wound healing) properties and is also known for its diverse properties encompassing antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial attributes, rendering it valuable for wound purification and healing. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial potential of Panchavalkala Kwatha (PVK) while validating its ancient Ayurvedic significance in wound healing. The study involves meticulously preparing Panchavalkala Kwatha and Panchavalkala Arka. Panchavalkala Kwatha is meticulously prepared by the guidelines stipulated in Sharangadhara Samhita, while Panchavalkala Arka (PVA) follows the principles outlined in Arka Prakasha. The antimicrobial activity of Panchavalkala Kwatha and Panchavalkala Arka was assessed using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the well-diffusion assay. Panchavalkala Kwatha exhibits a substantial zone of inhibition measuring 25 mm against E. coli and 28 mm against S. aureus. This antimicrobial efficacy is comparable to Ciprofloxacin’s, signifying potent antimicrobial activity. In contrast, Panchavalkala Arka shows no inhibitory effect on microbial growth. These results underscore the robust antibacterial activity of Panchavalkala Kwatha against both E. coli and S. aureus, while Panchavalkala Arka remains inert. This research furnishes primary evidence supporting the antibacterial properties of Panchavalkala Kwatha against E. coli and S. aureus. These findings suggest the potential utility of this Ayurvedic formulation in expediting wound healing processes.