Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans is known to be an anticancer and antiviral agent, and Strobilanthes crispus has proven to be an antidiuretic and antidiabetic agent. However, there is a high possibility that these plants possess multiple beneficial properties, such as antimicrobial and wound healing properties. This study aims to assess the wound healing, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus. The Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus leaves were dried, ground, and extracted with ethanol, acetone, and chloroform through cold maceration. In a modified scratch assay with co-incubation of skin fibroblast and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts were assessed for their wound healing potential, and the antimicrobial activities of Clinacanthus nutans and Strobilanthes crispus extracts were performed on a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on Mueller–Hinton agar based on a disc diffusion assay. To assess for antioxidant potential, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and total flavonoid assays were conducted. In the modified scratch assay, Clinacanthus nutans extracts aided in the wound healing activity while in the presence of MRSA, and Strobilanthes crispus extracts were superior in antimicrobial and wound healing activities. In addition, Strobilanthes crispus extracts were superior to Clinacanthus nutans extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Mueller–Hinton agar. Acetone-extracted Clinacanthus nutans contained the highest level of antioxidant in comparison with other Clinacanthus nutans extracts.
Highlights
Wound healing, a skin repairing process, is one of the most complicated processes in the human body
The growth rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a critical parameter for the co-incubation assay
The findings of the scratch assay show that Clinacanthus nutans (CN) extracts perform better than Strobilanthes crispus (SC) in aiding the wound healing activity
Summary
A skin repairing process, is one of the most complicated processes in the human body. According to [1], commensals, such as Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, can be isolated on the surface of the skin, whereas opportunists Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be isolated in the absence of healing and in the presence of persistent inflammation, eventually leading to chronic wounds. With the discovery of antibiotics, bacterial infections were alleviated but at a dire cost with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. These emerging strains were caused by the inappropriate usage of antibiotics in the past when healthcare systems lacked proper procedures for the identification of causative microbes [3]. In 2000, a systematic review reported about proper wound care management, which included the use of antibiotics [4]
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