Axiological Status Research Articles

Etyczny behawioryzm i zwrot relacyjny jako dwa przejawy antyantropocentryzmu

This text discusses three positions within the debate on the moral status of robots. The first, referred to as the “orthodox” position, expresses the still-dominant anthropocentric view in contemporary Western culture, which assigns humans a privileged, central status due to their unique qualities such as consciousness, emotions, free will, etc. The two alternative positions to the orthodox view, ethical behaviorism and relational turn, propose different criteria for attributing moral status than the aforementioned qualities and are interpreted as manifestations of a tendency to deny the unique ontological and axiological status of humans. In the case of ethical behaviorism, humans are “trivialized” to the level of other entities in a reductionist-naturalistic manner, whereas the relational turn involves “extraordinarizing” the non-human by re-legitimizing magical thinking in a posthumanist spirit. Thus, the article illustrates how contemporary cultural tendencies towards dual elimination of human uniqueness, based on reductionist naturalism and magical posthumanism, are revealed in the discussion on the moral status of robots.

Subordination and the Wrong of Discrimination

AbstractSophia Moreau, in her important book, offers an insightful account of (one strand of) the wrong of discrimination based on the evil of subordination. My symposium contribution seeks to clarify the structure of Moreau's account of subordination and its normative and axiological status. On one plausible view, subordination is fundamentally bad or wrong. On another view, subordination is a distinctive social phenomenon, which is bad or wrong only derivatively. I will outline each view, and consider the implications each has for certain issues central to Moreau's book.

The controversial character of the influence of social networks on the socio-cultural space of Ukraine

The article analyzes the controversial influence of social networks on the socio-cultural space of society. It is proved that social networks have their own special valuable status in the socio-cultural space of the country. The social network, which has a humanistic and constructive potential in the dynamics of mass information flows and realizes the functions of accumulation and realization of social capital, definitely has an axiological status in modern society. Attention is focused on the fact that the value of the social network is that it acts not only as a multifunctional means of communication, but also represents a mechanism for constructing the socio-cultural space of the state. It is concluded that social networks are filled with various content of both humanistic and non-humanistic direction, which accordingly affects the socio-cultural space of the country. They contain information and knowledge that enrich the spiritual world of man and society, but at the same time, social networks are actively used by criminal groups, pseudo-spiritual organizations, professional manipulators of public consciousness, subjects of modern wars, etc.

К вопросу о сущности права, или О консенсусе ненасилия и свободе слова

The article made an attempt to understand the nature of jus, going from an analysis of its genesis and the primary simplest forms, the formation of which constituted the transition from the pre-social to the social world. In line with the hypothesis of Levi-Strauss of the beginning of society, the author considers dual-group unions to be the first social formations, halfs of which, in relation to and through each other, acquired the quality of historically original subjects of jus – the space of freedom jointly built by them, based on the consensus of non-violence of the parties, rational coordination of wills and judicial resolution of conflicts. Subsequent social evolution gives rise to fundamentally new forms of both deploying the essence of jus and obstructing it. Among the latter, the most important is the state that does not need coordination and is able to impose its will on so­ciety by violence. History develops mechanisms for curbing state authority by jus, based on its high axiological status, which ensures the readiness of society to defend legal val­ues, among which freedom of speech plays a key role, which, firstly, acts as the main form of concordance of wills in society that forms the jus, and secondly, it allows contin­uous control over the state and in the threat of its going beyond the framework of the jus to initiate social activity that prevents this.

Multinational People of Russian Federation (Russian Nation): Discursive Representation of a Political Subject

On the basis of the ‘Strategy of State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025’, this study examines the semantic and pragmatic features of representing the subject defined by the formula ‘multinational people of the Russian Federation (Russian nation)’, which serves as an actual instrument for expressing state ideology. The relevant attributes of the subject are reconstructed. It is established that the formula realizes the semantics of unity (integrity) at the legal, socio-cultural, and subjective levels. Unity is represented as the assumed state of the subject, acquired through the transformation of its normative, epistemic, and ethical orientations. Regular collocations representing situations causing the relevant attributes of the subject are identified and analyzed, with their implementation being the subject’s normative obligation. The axiological status of the formula is determined as a ‘normative judgment’, expressed through contrast with aberrations identified by lexemes that actualize the semantics of violating unity in political-legal texts. The ideological nature of the formula is demonstrated as a norm of ethical and epistemic nature, implying the subject’s internal non-utilitarian motivation based on its evaluation of unity (integrity) as an ideal and unconditionally true state.

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT WIDOW IN GERMAN, UKRAINIAN, AND ENGLISH LINGUOCULTURES

The paper presents the research of ethnic peculiarities of conceptualization of reality, objectified with the help of culturally marked words denoting a widow, which form the corresponding parts of the German, Ukrainian, and English language world models. The purpose of the research is to give a contrastive analysis of the verbalizations of the concept WIDOW in the German, Ukrainian, and English linguocultures.
 The paper uses a comprehensive methodology that combines the following methods: contrastive – to identify common and distinctive features of the concept WIDOW in the languages under comparison; conceptual-semiotic analysis – to reveal the cognitive mechanisms of the embodiment of the concept; contextual-interpretive analysis – to clarify the peculiarities of the representation of the concept in paremiae.
 In the highlight of contrastive ethnolinguistic studies and theory of conceptual analysis, a structure-semantic reconstruction of the concept WIDOW is performed, and the principles of its semantic-conceptual organization in the German, English, and Ukrainian language pictures of the world are revealed. The set of the conceptual and semantic marks is determined, due to the concept structure constituents (conceptual proper, imagery-associative and value), the main ideographic conceptual domains are revealed, the analyzed concept being axiologically marked and its associative linkage, due to the scope of its conceptual correlates, are determined. Factors that influence the conceptualization of the objective reality by the given ethnic groups are determined. Certain ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic peculiarities and general characteristics of verbalization of the concept WIDOW peculiar to the languages under study are found out.
 The analyses of widow nominations showed the allomorphism of national peculiarities of conceptualization of reality, which are influenced by archetype types, historical and cultural actuality. It is shown that WIDOW in Ukrainian culture can be viewed as a taboo concept which content is marked by negative axiological status due to the socio-cultural views formed in the period predetermining the inadmissibility of its direct naming in relevant social situations.

Творчество и креативность в контексте аксиологического аспекта научной коммуникации

The article is devoted to the increasing relevance of the axiological aspect of scientific communication in the information society. Informatization of various spheres of society has created conditions, necessities and opportunities for understanding the multidimensionality of a person, his creative activity. The analysis of the research of domestic and foreign authors devoted to creativity allows us to recognize that there are different and sometimes opposite theories of creativity. In the article, creativity in its axiological status is considered as the most important value of modern society. Attention is drawn to the fact that destructive human activity has led to the fact that the gap between nature and civilization has reached catastrophic proportions that threaten the very existence of humanity. The authors of the article, wondering about the possibility of claiming that our history is a product of human creativity, pay attention to the fact that not only the creativity of outstanding personalities and the masses is the driving force, but also quasi-creativity, destructive activity affects social processes, but, however, with a minus sign. According to the authors, with the help of scientific communication, a modern scientist can and should independently constitute the world of science and determine the path of further social transformation. Of fundamental importance in the study are the theoretical and methodological principles of a systematic approach, supplemented by the ideas of synchronism and synergetics, which make it possible to substantiate the axiologically negative intentionality of creativity associated with destructive activity, antisocial, aggressive “creativity”.

Sztuka wobec przemian wartości – perspektywa pedagogiczna

The purpose of undertaken considerations is to exhibit axiological status of art, modern art in particular, against cultural transition of values. Dangers of ongoing transformation of values on global and European scale were pointed out. Attempts of counteracting those adverse changes of values have been presented. One course of the research is a reference to the permanent values of European culture constituting achievements of many generations. Another direction is determination of values, that can be accepted in multicultural world. The common good is proposed as an axiological universe. The axiological potential of art in Polish pedagogy theory is shown in the context of contemporary problems. It is incorporated in presenting art as an autotelic value and in updated educational values. Changes in the field of art education have been considered, including modern, popular and net-art. The concepts of art from postmodern philosophy present in pedagogical interpretation were recalled, which emphasizes value of understanding oneself and the world through art. Due to the dual potential of art in pedagogy, it can constitute axiological universe for 21 st -century education.

Axiological aspect in contemporary conceptualization of bread: on the material of russian phraseological units

The authors argue that Russian ideas about bread have found their expression in several set expressions, units of the food cultural code and manifestations of an axiological ethnically marked paradigm, which was verbalized in the language. By addressing to the National Corpus of the Russian Language one can present a picture of the speech use of set expressions containing the bread component, which confirms the real demand for these expressions and the nature of their conceptualization by the speakers. This topic is particularly interesting because over time both the interpretation of a set expression and its axiology may change, showing the phraseological creativity of the speakers. On the one hand, the original semantics may undergo an axiological shift, and on the other hand, it may become necessary to express additional connotations. Special attention is paid to several most popular expressions, collected in phraseological dictionaries. The analysis of the material has shown that the basic vectors of conceptualization of bread are reflected in its perception as the food product, that guarantees life, and in the acceptance of its high axiological status by the speakers of Russian. First, it is possible to identify several elements of the cultural code connected to the image of bread, such as the religious one (daily bread; not by bread alone), the gastronomical one (a crust of bread) and the ethical one (bread and salt). Secondly, the examination of the function of phraseological units with bread in contemporary discourse has shown the ambivalence of bread which may symbolize either something very necessary and highly valued (do not feed bread) or something minimal and inadequate (and that is bread too). This situation can be observed using the expression slice of bread which serves as the component of several idioms: the speakers use it to construct an entire scale of values used to define one’s income and prosperity, ranging from minimal needs (to work for a slice of bread) to self-sufficiency (earn one’s slice of bread) and, finally, high (earn for a slice of bread with butter/caviar).

Philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of loneliness

How often do we try to avoid things that help us survive. People have been trying for centuries to avoid loneliness or get used to it. The Cursed loneliness, the resigned unnoticed, the wise with pleasure. Loneliness is always there, so we need it. You feel lonely both in solitude and among a large number of people. The feeling of loneliness depends on the structure of the personality. Another factor, the unsatisfactory situation of demographic numbers needs solutions - loneliness Is a  more attractive trend nowadays, it changes the established structure of values and relationships of humans, therefore it requires a clear identification of the axiological status of the given phenomenon, as well as its positive and negative features. The solutions of all the named problems are prevented by the insufficiency of a general theoretical approach to understand loneliness. The problem of loneliness constantly concerns humanity, covering the minds of philosophers, writers, scientists. Recently, more and more works have been devoted to the problem of loneliness, studying the causes of loneliness, its essence, characteristic manifestations and influence on different categories of people at different stages of life. However, at the moment there is no consensus on what loneliness is: trouble or happiness, the norm or pathology. The degree of development of the problem. Western social science, which has been dealing with the problem of loneliness for several decades, has developed many approaches to its study. Philosophical, psychological, sociological literature is found in a large number in the corpus of scientific work on this issue. Most of them were published in the last decades of the 20th century, but most of them are small articles, often of a popular science nature, or fragmentary reviews. Key words: philosophical, reflection, the phenomenon, loneliness, individual personality, human relationships

Аксиологический статус государственно-правовой доктрины русского консерватизма

The features of the axiological status of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism, which have an impact on national algorithms of value-motivated organization of legal activity, are considered. It is proved that the conservative doctrine represents the interrelation of irrational legal images and rational ideas originating from religious institutions and state-legal traditions of society, based on the concepts of the priority of ethical principles over formal legal grounds. It is proved that the Russian legal thinking differs significantly from the Western one, which is most fully embodied in the mode of domestic conservatism with its inherent theonomic ethics and metaphysics of unity. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal tradition, the definition of conservative legal values is formed as conditioned by the cultural and civilizational originality of ideas about legal reality, expressed in legal consciousness and legal culture, perceived in unity with moral values. The aim of the study is to establish the axiological status of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism. The methodological basis includes the use of specially legal methods: historical, formal-logical, comparative, at the same time, the historical-legal nature of the work necessitated the involvement of theoretical-legal interpretation and evaluation of state-legal ideas, structural and comparative methods. It is stated that the axiological potential of the state-legal doctrine of Russian conservatism lies in the convergence of the modes of morality and law, orientation to law enforcement with congruent interaction of legal and moral regulators. It is argued that within the framework of the axiological approach and in the context of taking into account the legal tradition of Russia, it is possible both to overcome the inertia of the modern theory of law and to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation.

Axiological interpretation of the "Gemeinschaft" concept

The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient development of the axiological interpretation of the Gemeinschaft concept in modern linguistics. Axiological interpretation allows you to focus on the deep semantic content of the text through the concepts of "value attitude", "value orientations", "ideals", and on the functional semantics of evaluation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the previously not attempted attempt to reconstruct that part of the axiosphere of the German language picture of the world, which is actualized by the Gemeinschaft concept. Therefore, the subject of our research is the axiological interpretation of this concept. The purpose of this work is to determine the axiological status of the Gemeinschaft concept using the axiological interpretation procedure and, based on the results obtained, recreate part of the axiosphere of the German language community. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: 1) to define the axiological interpretation; 2) to describe the specifics of the structure of the Gemeinschaft concept in modern German; 3) to use conceptual analysis to explicate the evaluative and value meanings of Gemeinschaft; 4) to subject the results obtained to axiological interpretation of the Gemeinschaft concept. Through the axiological analysis of the encyclopedic, interpretative and phraseological fields of the Gemeinschaft (community) concept, the features of its value and evaluation component are investigated. When considering the specifics of the structural organization of the Gemeinschaft concept, the most interesting segment for axiological analysis is the "connection" segment, built on value and spiritual unification.

Maurizio Ferraris' Theory of Documentality and Social Media: Media Hacking as Hacking of Cultural Memory

The article deals with the methodological search for overcoming dualism in the understanding of cultural memory as a basic category of memory studies. This category implies a gap between the memory of living contemporaries and the "dead" memory of institutional narratives. However, the rebellion of living memory against repressive censored texts is a feature of mass industrial societies. The model of confrontation between generational memory and trans-generational memory, laid down by the works of M. Halbwachs and J. Assmann, loses its heuristic in the conditions of the dominance of digital media. The author suggests using the social ontology of M. Ferraris, known as the “theory of documentality”, to overcome this gap. The interpretation of sociogenesis as a result of the formation of social objects based on the recording procedure allows us to rethink the social function of the media. Cultural memory in the theory of Ferraris is equivalent to an array of documentary, differentiated by the ability to generate and maintain social objects into strong and weak. This approach turns out to be productive where the “great gaps” of communication have been overcome, where the social communication system provides wide access to all its types. Social media provides new memory formats by incorporating people and non-human algorithms into its networks. Creation of social memory objects no longer requires specialized institutions; “old”, pre-digital narratives of historical memory are hacked by users in media hacking processes, allowing them to appropriate, edit and inhabit the history of society in personal digital memory strategies. At the same time, the digital nature of new social objects ensures their involvement with each other through social network algorithms, regardless of their own ethical, aesthetic or axiological status.

Persona of Modern Media: Mayakovsky through the Eyes of “Post-Science” and Mass Culture

The article studies the issue of popularization of scientific knowledge that forms its own media sphere, and their transmedia “mutation”. The article examines Vladimir Mayakovsky’s characters and related myths: “lover”, “suicide”, “propagandist”, “rebel”, etc. It is noted that a historical or literary persona, depending on the era or political situation, freely changes its axiological status. Currently, Mayakovsky is a meme, a template, a sign that expresses modern stereotypes of mass consciousness. The article talks about such media and media platforms as “Arzamas”, “Russian Seven”, “Yandex.Zen”, which presents a variety of materials in orientation to the addressee, in style and correlation with facts: from those claiming to be literary and school-methodical texts to frank fakes. It is concluded that in order to attract a mass consumer, such articles are built on the principle of cognitive dissonance, as it is one of the most effective ways of producing “meanings” for the exploitation of mass consciousness. In the case of Mayakovsky, there is collision of opposite, mutually exclusive ideas about him.

Аксиологическая составляющая концепта деньги в русских пословицах

The article is devoted to the analysis of the axiologically heterogeneous concept "Den'gi" ("Money") in Russian proverbs. The research was carried out on the material of more than 700 Russian (including dialectal) proverbs with the components: den'gi, rubl', kopejka, etc. The analysis of proverbs allowed the author to identify a number of value-and-semantic dominants in this concept: frugality, censure of stinginess, the need to keep strict records of finances, a philosophical attitude to spending money, the high value of money earned in contrast to money received accidentally or by dishonest means. The research results indicate that in Russian proverbs, a high axiological status is assigned to money as the most important force that regulates the life of a person and society. In general, money is assessed positively in the picture of the world represented in Russian proverbs, which contradicts the Orthodox and Soviet cultural and historical traditions. This discrepancy gives rise to the axiological and semantic ambivalence characteristic of this concept, which is especially clearly seen in the opposition of money as a pragmatic dominant in human life and such culturally significant concepts as truth, conscience, love, friendship, mind. In the context of such comparisons, money does not acquire a properly negative connotation in its meaning, but acts as a marker of the honesty of friendship, love, since true spiritual values cannot be measured by money.

Lexical markers of unity in Russia’s state programmatic documents: Words with the morpheme -edin-

The paper explores lexicon derived from the Russian stem morpheme -edin- as markers of the semantics of unity. The author reveals how these lexical units function and codify social categories. The data include legal-political discourse, i.e. state strategies and concepts that codify social processes, including association and disassociation of social actors. Methodologically, the paper draws on lexical semantics, semantic syntax, discourse analysis and social constructionism assumptions. A set of research operations involves defining the list of the lexical units, discovering their syntagmatic relations, describing their semantics in context, as well as disclosing functional resources of this lexical group. Eleven words with the stem morphem -edin- (used 80 times altogether) have been identified. These words are surrounded by their derivatives and other words that carry the semantics of unity, which predetermines promoting the ideas of unity through the texts. The lexemes are used discriminately in different contexts and realize the set of their meanings in a distinctive way. In terms of language system, the words with the stem morpheme -edin- have a neutral or positive axiological status; however, negative semantics can be constructed in context, through the attributes with negative connotations. Structurally different word combinations allow for varying conceptualizations of unity: as a quality that characterizes subjects of activities, and as an object that is regulated by the state. Unity is conceptualized as a characteristic of four various dimensions: materialistic (unity of the country’s infrastructure), spacial (territorial unity), axiological (unity of social values) and temporal (historical and generation continuity).

GEOKNOWLEDGE IN A VIRTUAL PRESENTATION

The subject of the article is to clarify the meanings of terms appearing in the areas of research and topics of presentations related to the object "Earth". This is the epistemology and methodology of the formation of geoknowledge as a geoinformation discourse developed in sign systems - verbal and visual, as well as the discussion of the specifics of the presentation of geophenoma by means of virtual reality as a technical embodiment of the works of creative imagination using computer tools and digital technologies. The article focuses on the etymological and linguistic aspects of the problem and the philosophical and axiological status of the issues under discussion.

Apophatics of artistic culture: raising the issue. Disease, death and sleep ethoses in Alexander Grin’s story “Struggle with Death”

Object of the article: apophatics as a cultural phenomenon. Subject of the article: a method of creating an apophatic reality in a literary work, the apophatic side of the phenomenon of sleep is studied. Material of the article: an early little-known story by Alexander Grin “Struggle with Death” (1918). Research methodology: a holistic analysis of a literary text, which is achieved through the ontohermeneutic method using the semantic research method. Research results: analysis of Grin’s early story, identification of its ontological meaning, ethos of illness, death, sleep allows raising an issue of apophatics of a literary work. The appeal to anthroposophical reflections on the axiological status of sleep by the German philosopher Rudolf Steiner, whose ideas were shared by the representatives of the Silver Age, especially Maximilian Voloshin, Grin’s closest friend, is also productive, since the anthroposophist highlights the apophatic side of sleep associated with day and night human consciousness. The ethos in the article is understood within the framework of Heidegger’s research, which makes it possible to deepen the cultural-philosophical ideas about the phenomenon of death, disease and sleep in the global art culture.

Концепт LOCKDOWN как ценность и антиценность в жизни современного британского общества

The purpose of the study is to determine the axiological status of the concept LOCKDOWN in the English linguistic culture. Scientific novelty of the work is accounted for by an attempt to reconstruct the axiosphere of the English language worldview actualised by the concept LOCKDOWN in the British mass media, which has never been made before. As a result of the study, it has been found that the concept LOCKDOWN, on the one hand, is considered in the axiosphere of the English language worldview as a value that contributes to preservation of people’s lives and is promoted by government representatives. The average British people, on the other hand, regard this concept as an anti-value accompanied by negative consequences for a person. The axiological status of the phenomenon is determined by analysing the lexical means used to describe the isolation process.

The specifics of the evaluative metaphor in English (based on the texts of art discourse)

This article deals with a comprehensive description of the evaluativeness of metaphors in modern English. The evaluation criteria underlying the evaluability of metaphors are determined, variations as an object of evaluation and an agent as a donor of evaluation in the semantic structure of metaphors are considered, axiological types of lexical and semantic groups of metaphors are differentiated, and the means and conditions for varying the evaluability of metaphors are systematized. This research paper depicts the pragmatic relevance of the evaluative metaphor and represents the typology of demographic, socio-cultural, and national-cultural signs of the evaluability of metaphors. The axiological status of the metaphor is established by a comprehensive description of the semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic features of the evaluation of the metaphor in modern English. The specificity of evaluativeness as a component of meaning in the semantics of a metaphor is determined. The results of the study of metaphor are presented in many linguistic works. However, some provisions concerning the functioning of the metaphor and its ability to reflect the individual author’s worldview have not yet been sufficiently studied. To study the metaphor as an assistant to the creation of images that express the author’s attitude to something and its social, political, philosophical position, and as a means by which we know the world around us, it is necessary to examine the existing theoretical material and subsequent analyses of specific cases of using the metaphor.