Awareness Of Opportunities Research Articles

FIPOL: An initiative to support research collaborations, resource development, scientific communication, and educational opportunities in psychosocial oncology for Latin America.

Key points The goal of FIPOL (Training and Resources in Psychosocial Oncology for Latin America) is to support the development of psychosocial oncology (PO) in Latin American countries FIPOL aims to increase global awareness of academic opportunities in PO and behavioral medicine and facilitates exchanges and collaborations between Spanish‐speaking clinicians and researchers from diverse backgrounds and Spanish‐speaking countries who work in cancer and psychosocial care Professional organizations and networks such as FIPOL may contribute to the long‐term growth of PO in the region and implementation and sustainability of PO practice FIPOL works towards its goals through efforts in training, resource development, collaborative research initiatives, and communication and dissemination with collaborations of Spanish‐speaking colleagues working on cancer and psychosocial care

Pediatric Hospital Medicine Resident Elective: A Novel Resident Curriculum for an Evolving Field.

BackgroundAlthough 8-10% of pediatric residents pursue a career in Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM), many report an incomplete understanding of PHM careers and would benefit from a PHM elective.MethodologyWe followed Kern’s six-step curriculum development framework. A general needs assessment via literature review revealed a lack of published PHM elective curricula. A targeted needs assessment was conducted by surveying national PHM fellowship program directors, national PHM fellows, local junior PHM attendings, and local pediatric residents. Content analysis from these surveys was used to develop a PHM resident elective curriculum. The curriculum was implemented and evaluated through an experience log and written reflections.ResultsNeeds assessment surveys were completed by fellowship directors (22/61, 36%), fellows (36/103, 35%), attendings (10/26, 38%), and residents (15/98, 15%). Common themes included the importance of academic experiences, mentorship, non-teaching and non-inpatient clinical experiences, community hospital experience, and the desire to address knowledge gaps. Significant variability in survey responses suggested the importance of an individualized curriculum. Goals, objectives, and aligned educational strategies were developed to provide a breadth of clinical experiences, mentorship, and PHM-focused academic activities, with an emphasis on individualization. Implementation of the curriculum began in July 2021 and four residents enrolled in 2021-2022. The curricular evaluation demonstrated the achievement of objectives and improved resident awareness of PHM opportunities, clinical skill development, ancillary shadowing, and academic opportunities.ConclusionsA PHM resident elective was developed using Kern’s six-step approach with input from national fellows and fellowship program directors to address educational gaps and increase exposure to PHM careers. The next steps include the evaluation of the impact of the PHM elective on career choice and preparedness of residents.

61 Sheep Grazier's Workshops Improve Producer Understanding of Important Production Practices

Abstract Three workshops were held to increase producer awareness of new production practices and opportunities for sheep production. These events were coordinated by Amazing Grazing with the assistance of county livestock agents. All workshops included classroom and breakout sessions featuring hands-on activities. In September 2016, the first sheep-focused workshop was held at the E. Carroll Joyner Beef Education Unit in Raleigh. Topics included opportunities for sheep production, ram selection, marketing, using temporary electric fence, grazing management to improve soil health, grazing sheep in solar farms and health management. The 2017 event was held in May at the Western NC Regional Livestock Center near Canton. Producers learned about opportunities for sheep production, improved grazing management, sheep marketing and fencing options. The Piedmont Research Station near Salisbury served as the location for the 2018 workshop. The agenda featured hoof health management and pre-breeding nutrition management, improving forage systems, breeding stock selection, pasture improvement cost-share programs and hoof trimming. Total registration was 132 with 83 evaluations completed. Participants were 60% male and 40% female with 57% being over age 50. Total pasture hectares grazed by participants was 886 with 97 ha as hay. Livestock inventories totaled 2,183 sheep, 733 goats, 720 beef cattle and 99 horses. A few participants had no livestock but were gathering information for future ventures. Post-workshop evaluation indicated 100% of attendees increased understanding of each major agenda topic. On a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = not satisfied to 4 = very satisfied), participants indicated they were very satisfied with the instructors’ knowledge (3.80±0.45), workshop environment/format (3.68±0.58), and overall quality (3.78±0.44). Ninety-seven percent of the attendees indicated that this workshop met their expectations, and one hundred percent would recommend it to others. Producer responses indicate a growing interest in sheep/goat production and a need for practical education programs.

The nature-based solutions planning support system: A playground for site and solution prioritization

• NBS co-planning needs an integrated assessment of site and solution suitability. • An NBS planning support system (NBS-PSS) is developed and tested in a Dutch city. • NBS-PSS provides an integrated multiscale hierarchical approach for co-planning. • NBS-PSS helps to maximize NBS benefits, while considering local contexts. Cities are increasingly adopting Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to address multiple societal challenges effectively. Successful adoption of NBS and realization of their multifunctionality requires a holistic and collaborative planning approach that incorporates stakeholders across scales and disciplines. However, such an approach is usually not aligned with the mainstream sectoral planning process in cities. Planning support systems (PSS) play an essential role in the transition to collaborative planning. Current systems used for NBS planning tend to be highly specialized, focusing on a few ecosystem services and a single scale. As a response, the NBS-PSS is introduced. This system's novel multiscale hierarchical framework helps stakeholders to prioritize sites and solutions in an integrative manner. The NBS-PSS provides the flexibility needed for NBS planning and allows users to interact and iterate over different planning process stages. The system has been tested in the city of Eindhoven with a group of experts. Accordingly, the system appears to have a high capacity to facilitate collaboration and motivate stakeholders to engage in the planning process, given the rapid responses and easy-to-understand process and data representation. Moreover, the NBS-PSS was found to be a helpful tool for enhancing the awareness of opportunities for NBS in urban settings.

Use of the "Future Life Map" exercise to improve awareness of career options and opportunities in underrepresented minority undergraduate students pursuing STEM careers.

ObjectivesThere has long existed significant underrepresentation of minority students in STEM training and careers. Ongoing efforts to improve opportunities and participation for underrepresented minority students have focused on multiple areas, from increased funding to early exposure to research in STEM. We developed the novel Future Life Map career planning exercise with the goal of contributing to this multi-faceted approach. The exercise emphasizes on the consideration of multiple potential career destinations and routes to those destination. The exercise was designed with the goal of improving participant awareness of options and career planning self-efficacy to improve success and retention of underrepresented minority student participation and retention in STEM.MethodsWe implemented the Future Life Map exercise with 2 separate groups of under-represented minority undergraduate students pursuing careers in STEM. Participants then completed an anonymous survey to evaluate the exercise and describe the value they derived from completing the Future Life Map.ResultsThe exercise presentation and its supporting documents were highly rated by participants with >81% of respondents rating it as “very informative” (4 or 5 on a 5-point Likert Scale). Participants reported that they were very likely to recommend the exercise to others (25 of 27 participants) and were likely to repeat the activity for their own future decision making (22 participants). Themes that emerged from participant reporting of the value of the exercise were: increased awareness of career and training options, improved understanding of the research required to make informed career/life decisions, and new awareness of specific information about career options under consideration.ConclusionThe Future Life Map exercise was successful in improving participant awareness of career options, career planning ability, and helped participants to feel more empowered. This is likely of particular benefit for improving participation and retention of under-represented minority students pursuing careers in STEM.

Public Libraries: Your Partner in Increasing College Literacy Among Nontraditional Prospective Students

The Netflix docudrama, Operation Varsity Blues: The College Admissions Scandal, illustrates how college admissions, particularly at elite colleges, favors the privileged. Higher educational attainment overall favors the informed. Prospective students have many options when it comes to earning a college degree, with some of the more visible options (e.g. for-profit institutions) to degree attainment resulting in time and money wasted for nontraditional students. Thus, higher education professionals must educate prospective students on their options—sometimes at nontraditional locations. The local public library is one such uncommon, yet ideal location for reaching adult prospective students. Written from the perspective of a former higher education admission and advising professional now library science faculty, this article proposes that the reopening of public libraries post-quarantine is an opportune moment for colleges and universities to create partnerships to recruit adult students. Following a discussion of degree attainment among nontraditional students, barriers experienced, and public library services for adults, I offer four practical suggestions for higher education practitioners to collaborate with public libraries to broaden nontraditional, adult prospective students’ awareness of postsecondary opportunities.

Patient and Caregiver Experiences and Attitudes about Their Involvement in Research in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Although patient and caregiver involvement in research is widely advocated to improve the relevance and uptake of study findings, barriers and uncertainties in achieving this goal remain. This study aimed to describe patient and caregiver experiences and perspectives of their previous involvement in research, to inform strategies to strengthen patient involvement in research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 adult patients with CKD and caregivers who had previously been involved in research, from Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Denmark. Transcripts were analyzed thematically. We identified six themes: grappling with CKD diagnosis (overwhelmed by the burden of illness, silenced by stigma and shame, absence of advocacy, and awareness), bearing the responsibility for involvement (autonomy in their own care, forced to be proactive to access opportunities, infrastructural support to connect researchers and patients), battling big agendas (struggling in a system of disincentive, changing research culture, becoming equals), seeing the person behind the patient (harnessing broader knowledge, expertise, skills and interests, understanding patient needs, motivations for involvement), sensitivity to complexities of payment (accounting for individual circumstances, denoting value, enabling diverse involvement), and championing the patient voice (links to important stakeholders, drivers of innovation, responsibility to end users). The burden of CKD, limited opportunities, and power asymmetry between patients/caregivers and researchers were challenges to meaningful involvement in research. Building trust, awareness of opportunities, and recognizing the broad expertise and value of patients/caregivers, including and beyond their illness experience, may better support patient and caregiver involvement in research in CKD.

Implementing and Evaluating a Stakeholder-Driven Community Diffusion-Informed Early Childhood Intervention to Prevent Obesity, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 2018-2020.

Purpose and ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate and evaluate aspects of a Stakeholder-Driven Community Diffusion (SDCD)–informed intervention with a group of stakeholders drawn from a large coalition seeking a novel approach for promoting policy, systems, and environmental-level change. The objectives were to implement an SDCD intervention, assess changes in participants’ perspectives, and evaluate where the group’s actions fit within the context of a systems map that the group created during the intervention.Intervention ApproachAn SDCD-informed intervention convened 12 multisector stakeholders from the Early Ages Healthy Stages coalition in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. They participated in group model building activities to promote systems thinking related to childhood obesity prevention, reviewed evidence about topics of interest to the group, and were provided with technical assistance and seed funding to guide the selection and implementation of actions prioritized by the group.Evaluation MethodsData were collected via meeting notes and group model building outputs to demonstrate implementation and action prioritization; online surveys and qualitative interviews to measure perspective change among stakeholders; and a follow-up survey to the broader coalition assessing actions coalition members were taking.ResultsAn SDCD-informed intervention guided the development of a systems map and the selection of 4 actions: 1) develop a better understanding of the local early childcare environment; 2) assess the effectiveness and impact of Ohio Healthy Programs (OHP); 3) advocate for OHP and improved early childhood education quality; and 4) hold OHP designees accountable to high-quality programming. Data collected from surveys and interviews showed increased awareness of programs, resources, and collaboration opportunities among stakeholders. Follow-up survey results showed ongoing coalition action throughout the systems map.Implications for Public HealthUsing an SDCD-informed intervention among a coalition of community stakeholders provided a unique approach for implementing, assessing, and analyzing collaborative efforts to prevent childhood obesity in Cuyahoga County. Our approach can be applied to help researchers and stakeholders improve efforts to address childhood obesity in their communities.

The RIC COVID-19 Recruitment & Retention Toolkit: A community-informed resource of recruitment tools and strategies for clinical trial investigators.

The Recruitment Innovation Center (RIC) has created a toolkit of novel strategies to engage potential participants in response to recruitment and retention challenges associated with COVID-19 studies. The toolkit contains pragmatic, generalizable resources to help research teams increase awareness of clinical trials and opportunities to participate; produce culturally sensitive and engaging recruitment materials; improve consent and return of results processes; and enhance recruitment of individuals from populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. This resource, the "RIC COVID-19 Recruitment and Retention Toolkit," is available free online. We describe the toolkit and the community feedback used to author and curate this resource.

New educational space in New Ukrainian School

This study reveals the basic principles of creating an effective renewed educational space in the context of education reform in Ukraine and the creation of the New Ukrainian School. Modern educational environment means multifunctional flexible spaces that promote various forms of work, motivate to learn. An important factor in the renewal of the school is the creation of a modern educational space that will motivate the child to learn something new, stimulate different activities, and evoke positive emotions. Civic competence is one of the key skills enshrined in the Education Law in Ukraine. Along with the social, they are linked to the ideas of democracy, justice, equality, human rights, prosperity and healthy lifestyles, with an awareness of equal rights and opportunities. They include cooperation with others to achieve a common goal, activity in class and school life, respect for the rights of others, the ability to resolve conflict situations. One of the tools used by teachers to develop these competencies in primary school is the creation of “Class Rules” – the first “law” in the lives of first-graders. Creating a motivational educational space contributes to the principles of reforming primary and general secondary education and global trends: personality-oriented education, child-centeredness, competence and activity approaches.

What Skills and Capacity Building Interventions are Required to Grow the South African Aquaculture Sector?

Aquaculture is a knowledge- and technology-driven sector that requires a diversity of skills. Such skills are often demonstrated by professionals, including those of veterinarians, biologists, oceanographers, chemists, economists, managers, engineers, artisans, environmentalists and researchers. Since the sector is still fairly small in South Africa, a limited number of institutions provide aquaculture training and their primary focus is on tertiary education. Extension support is also limited in terms of state extension officers, veterinarians and researchers (government does not have the capacity to service the entire sector) and there is little awareness of aquaculture farming as a career and education option. In 2017, a thorough skills inventory and needs analysis of the sector was conducted, led by the South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI) and the current Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE).1 These research efforts were aimed at identifying the shortfalls and future needs in terms of skills and education and training, as well as determining the current age representation and race participation in the industry. Data collection was conducted using interviews and focus groups. The study identified scarce skills and existing gaps, such as supervisory and management skills for middle and senior managers in the sector. Increased awareness of learnerships and funding opportunities through the Sector Education Training Authority (SETA) was flagged.

Building a biomedical pipeline: the impact of the Idaho IDeA INBRE summer research experience at a primarily undergraduate institution.

Idaho Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Network for Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) aims to build biomedical research capacity and enhance the scientific and technology knowledge of the Idaho workforce. A key INBRE Program at The College of Idaho, a primarily undergraduate institution of 1,100 students, is a 10-wk summer fellows research experience. This report documents outcomes from 2005 to present, including demographic trends, faculty and student research productivity, self-reported gains, educational attainment, and career outcomes. Of 103 participants, 83.7% were from Idaho, 26.7% from rural areas, and 23.9% first-generation college students. Faculty and student research productivity (conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications) increased threefold. We found that 91.4% of fellows entered a scientific- or healthcare-related career and that 70.7% completed or are currently enrolled in postgraduate training (51.7% doctoral and 19.0% master's level). Anonymous surveys were uniformly positive, with gains in self-confidence and independent laboratory work. Open-ended responses indicated students valued mentoring efforts and improved awareness of scientific opportunities and competitive preparation for postgraduate training. Lastly, we observed that student research involvement increased college-wide during the award period. These data suggest that the summer fellows program is successfully meeting National Institutes of Health IDeA goals and serving as a pipeline to future health research careers and a scientifically trained Idaho workforce.

Snacktivity™ to Promote Physical Activity: a Qualitative Study

BackgroundAdults should achieve a minimum of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per week, but many people do not achieve this. Changes to international guidance have removed the requirement to complete physical activity in bouts of at least 10 min. Snacktivity is a novel and complementary approach that could motivate people to be physically active. It focuses on promoting shorter (2–5 min) and more frequent bouts, or ‘snacks’ of physical activity throughout the day. It is not known whether promoting physical activity in shorter bouts is acceptable to the public, or whether it likely to translate into health behaviour change.MethodsAs part of a larger research programme, this study explored the merits of using small bouts of physical activity to help the public become physically active (the Snacktivity™ programme). Thirty-one inactive adults used the approach for five days then participated in semi- structured interviews about their experiences. The data were analysed using the Framework approach.ResultsWhilst participants highlighted some potential barriers to implementation, they expressed the ease with which Snacktivity could be achieved, which gave them a new awareness of opportunities to do more physical activity throughout the day. Participants raised the importance of habit formation to achieve regular small bouts of physical activity.ConclusionsFindings demonstrated that participants liked the Snacktivity concept and viewed it as a motivating approach. Guidance about physical activity must lead to advice that has the best chance of preserving and promoting health and Snacktivity has potential to meet this ambition.

Fellow As Clinical Teacher, Benign Hematology Curriculum Improves Learning and Reaction to Academic Medicine

Introduction:The expansion of medical schools, faculty attrition, and trainees' disinterest in academia, all highlight the need to encourage the next generation of academic physicians. The published literature indicates that early academic career awareness and involvement in scholarship activities can positively influence trainees' interest in academia.Teaching experience has been shown to positively influence interest in an academic career, trainees who can engage in educational activities, and who transform their work into educational scholarship are more likely than their counterparts to pursue the medical educator academic track. We hypothesized that heightening diverse trainees' awareness of opportunities to engage in various educational roles through the fellow as clinical teacher (FACT) may help them consider future academic positions as well as improve their medical knowledge.Method:We implemented a hematology FACT program that utilized an hour didactics session that is held every month focused on benign hematology curriculum. We aimed to help fellows to 1) develop as teachers, 2) improve knowledge in benign hematology, and 3) increase their career interest in educators' academic track.After implementing the program, post-intervention surveys focusing on evaluating their reaction to the program, whether participation in the program increased their interest in academic medicine, and whether attending the program benefitted their knowledge and advanced their learning. Focusing on level 1 and 2 on the Kirkpatrick four-level educational model.Results:The FACT program included nine participants, all participants served as trainees and educators in the program. Participants were asked to indicate the most challenging topics in the benign hematology field to guide building the content of the curriculum. The cellular basis of hematopoiesis was noted as the most challenging for six participants. Majority of participants reported having struggles evaluating hemoglobinopathy disorders, hematologic women's health issues, bleeding disorders, and transfusion medicine challenges. Those subjects concluded majority of the curriculum content.Post-intervention surveys were sent out to all participants after eighteen months of implementing the program, asking their feedback about the program, their reaction about the program and knowledge benefit, nine surveys were collected.The implemented program helped improving participants' level of knowledge for hemophilia and other bleeding disorders such as Von Willebrand Disease, in most participants (7 of 9). Also, five participants reported a benefit in regards to cellular basis of hematopoiesis and hemoglobinopathy disorders.The majority of participants (7 of 9) found that the course material was very useful and they rated the lectures to be very good to excellent. And all participants agreed on the discussed topics to be appropriate for their level of training, moreover, it improved the overall understanding and level of interest in benign hematology. All participants noted the impact of the program on augmenting their teaching skills and interest in exploring the academic medicine track.The drawback of the program reported by participants (3 of 9) was experiencing a communication barrier and feeling restricted communicating their questions, opinions, and concerns to their co-fellow educators.Discussion:Implementing the fellow as clinical teacher program has been a strategy that is used to increase trainees' interest in academic careers and educators' tracks, although its barriers and impact on fellow's education is not clear. In this review, we aimed at evaluating the program from trainees' perspectives. The program was beneficial to all trainees, all served as educators at a certain time, it was appropriate for their level of training, it improved the overall knowledge for benign hematology topics, and it positively impacted their teaching skills and interest in academic medicine. With a longer follow-up time, it would be beneficial to evaluate the program's impact on the fellows' commitment towards academic medicine.Conclusion:Fellow as clinical teacher program could be a tool to increase hematology fellows' interest in academic educators' track, increase level of knowledge and confidence managing different challenging topics, without affecting the quality of medical education. DisclosuresEllis: Rafael Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

Formative evaluation of a community‐based approach to reduce the incidence of Strep A infections and acute rheumatic fever

ObjectivesTo explore the acceptability of a novel, outreached‐based approach to improve primary and primordial prevention of Strep A skin sores, sore throats and acute rheumatic fever in remote Aboriginal communities. MethodsA comprehensive prevention program delivered by trained Aboriginal Community Workers was evaluated using approximately fortnightly household surveys about health and housing and clinical records. ResultsTwenty‐seven primary participants from three remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory consented, providing 37.8 years of retrospective baseline data and 18.5 years of prospective data during the study period. Household members were considered to be secondary participants. Five Aboriginal Community Workers were trained and employed, delivering a range of supports to households affected by acute rheumatic fever including environmental health support and education. Clinical record audit and household self‐report of Strep A infections were compared. No association between clinical‐ and self‐report was identified. ConclusionsOngoing participation suggests this outreach‐based prevention program was acceptable and associated with improved reporting of household maintenance issues and awareness of prevention opportunities for Strep A infections. Implications for public healthBiomedical, clinic‐based approaches to the management of Strep A infections in remote communities can be usefully augmented by outreach‐based supports delivered by Aboriginal Community Workers responding to community needs.

‘Your mind becomes open with education’ : exploring mothers’ aspirations for girls’ education in rural Bihar

ABSTRACT The transformational power of education is considered crucial to improving life outcomes. However, girls in rural India often still face barriers to learning. The literature notes economic and socio-cultural barriers to girls’ education which both mediate, and are affected by, parental aspirations. This research explored the aspirations for girls’ education of members of a grassroots microfinance organisation in rural Bihar through one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. Economic factors, such as increased awareness of employment opportunities and changing financial situations enabled mothers to act on their pre-existing aspirations for daughters’ education, supported by shifts in the requirement of higher levels of education for marriage. Mothers also emphasised the potential for education to enhance their daughters’ wellbeing as influencing their aspirations. Therefore, policymakers must prioritise education that has a socially transformative agenda, as well as providing support to tackle economic and socio-cultural barriers to girls’ education.

Monitoring phenology in US national parks through citizen science: Some preliminary lessons and prospects for protected areas

Phenology—the timing of seasonal events such as flower production, insect emergence, bird migrations, and snowmelt—has profound significance for people and ecosystems. Many US national parks monitor phenology through citizen science projects that use tools developed by the USA National Phenology Network. We summarize the scope of such efforts conducted over the past decade and identify some preliminary lessons and recommendations for others who wish to develop new projects. Successes include an enormous wealth of data relevant to resource management and park operations, and attainment of goals for resource management, education, and public engagement. Challenges include long-term sustainability, limited capacity to analyze data, and the ongoing demands of matching volunteer interest and capacity with the geography and natural history of studied species. Practical recommendations pertain to project planning, design, and volunteer engagement, and highlight the need for working and communicating across organizational and disciplinary boundaries. With careful planning and awareness of opportunities and pitfalls, citizen science-based phenology monitoring can benefit any protected area.

Intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review

BackgroundResidents need to be trained across the boundaries of their own specialty to prepare them for collaborative practice. Intraprofessional learning (i.e. between individuals of different disciplines within the same profession) has received little attention in the postgraduate medical education literature, in contrast to the extensive literature on interprofessional learning between individuals of different professions. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review to investigate what and how residents learn from workplace-related intraprofessional activities, and what factors influence learning.MethodsThe PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of empirical studies on intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education published between 1 January 2000 to 16 April 2020 in Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science. This study applied ‘best fit’ framework-based synthesis to map the existing evidence, using the presage-process-product (3P) model developed by Tynjälä (2013).ResultsFour thousand three hundred thirty records were screened, and 37 articles were included. This review identified influencing (presage) factors that derived from the sociocultural environment, learner and learning context. Studies described that complexity of care can both facilitate and hinder learning. Furthermore, intraprofessional learning is threatened by professional stereotyping and negative perceptions, and awareness of learning opportunities and explicit reflection are critical in intraprofessional workplace learning. Studies described a range of informal and formal intraprofessional activities (process) under the headings of collaboration in clinical practice, rotations or placements, formal educational sessions and simulated workplace training. In general, learners responded well and their attitudes and perceptions improved, learners reported increased knowledge and skills and positive behavioural changes (product). Learning outcomes were reported in the domains of patient-centred care, collaborative attitudes and respect, mutual knowledge and understanding, collaborative decision making, communication, leadership, teamwork and reflexivity.ConclusionsThis review gives insight into the high learning potential of intraprofessional activities. Many of the included studies relied on self-reported perceptions of change, therefore, future research should focus on generating more robust evidence including objectively examined outcome measures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the factors that influence intraprofessional workplace learning in postgraduate medical education. Finally, we provide recommendations for enhancing intraprofessional learning in clinical practice.

Factors affecting implementation of preference and reservation directive on government procurement opportunities in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine factors affecting the implementation of preference and reservation directives on government procurement opportunities in Kenya: a case of the central bank of Kenya.
 Design/ Methodology/Approach: The investigation utilized stratified arbitrary inspecting, the adolescent, ladies and people with handicaps being the strata of particular elements prequalified with the Central Bank of Kenya in its mind office in Nairobi and the three branches (Mombasa, Kisumu and Eldoret). From that point, straightforward arbitrary testing was utilized to choose 310 respondents from the strata who were issued with surveys. Information was gathered utilizing self-regulated polls. The information gathered was broken down by the utilization of illustrative and inferential measurements. Numerous relapse models were utilized to demonstrate the connection between the reliant variable and the free factors.
 Findings: R square value of 0.768 means that 76.8% of the corresponding variation in the implementation of the 30% preference and reservation directive on government procurement in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (regulatory framework and requirements, procurement opportunity awareness and sensitization, the capacity of disadvantaged groups, ethical and compliance issues) which indicated that the model fitted the study.
 Contribution to policy and practice: The discoveries of the investigation demonstrated that administrative system and prerequisites, obtainment opportunity mindfulness and sharpening, the limit of distraught gatherings, moral and consistency issues have a positive association with the execution of the 30% inclination and reservation order on government acquirement openings in Kenya.
 Originality/Value: The study extends the literature on open organizations and recommends that they should grasp administrative structure and prerequisites, acquisition opportunity mindfulness and refinement, the limit of impeded gatherings, moral and consistency issues in order to improve the usage of the 30% inclination and reservation.

Efficacy of a College and Career Readiness Program: Bridge to Employment

An important measure of success for a college and career readiness program is the extent to which its participants achieve their higher education and career goals. We examined one such program, Bridge to Employment (BTE), to determine its influence on participants’ educational and career‐related decisions and outcomes after they graduated from high school. The BTE program works with 14‐to‐18‐year‐old students in disadvantaged communities across the globe to increase their awareness and understanding of health careers and higher education opportunities. We interviewed 23 former BTE participants, representing different countries and BTE participation time frames, to provide critical qualitative insights about their experiences, years after the program. Key recommendations for college and career readiness programs include exposing participants to a wide variety of careers, strengthening soft skills, clarifying practical steps to prepare for college and careers, and providing support for interpersonal relationships.