Disaster Awareness Research Articles

Disaster awareness scale

Disaster awareness is a concept that must be understood by everyone, especially residents of housing in disaster prone areas. However, is disaster awareness also owned by the architects who do housing designs? This study tries to explore the views of housing residents on the work of architects who have awareness of disasters by looking at various categories of housing residents’ backgrounds. Research using the Neuroresearch method. The number of samples taken was 743 respondents with a sampling technique using cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out using a questionnaire and a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The results of the study showed the diversity of the occupants’ background which showed that the work of housing architects was considered to have a bit of disaster awareness and disaster awareness but not yet maximal. Therefore, it is very important for architects to be given an understanding and education about disaster awareness in order to produce work in the form of housing designs that can accommodate a sense of security for residents, especially in the face of disasters.

Students’ logical mathematical intelligence in completing mathematical problems with natural disaster context

Disaster awareness in the community is necessary to be improved continuously, especially for regions in Indonesia that are prone to natural disasters. One way to do is to integrate disaster problems in mathematics learning. Teachers need to train students to solve mathematical problems in the context of disaster. Through this problem, it is expected that students’ logical mathematical intelligence will increase. This research is a preliminary study to determine the logical mathematical intelligence of students in solving mathematical problems in the context of disaster. The participants in this study were all 23 junior high school students in class VII at SMPN 1 Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar. These students were domiciled in the 2004 tsunami-affected areas registered and members of the Disaster Preparedness Schools (SSB). The data in this study were collected through tests and interviews which were analyzed descriptively. Based on the indicators of logical mathematical intelligence, it was concluded that students’ logical mathematical abilities in solving mathematical problems in the context of disaster were in the low category, even though students in these schools already had knowledge of disaster through disaster simulation activities. Thus the mathematical learning design is needed to improve students’ logical mathematical intelligence in solving mathematical problems in the context of disaster.

Disaster awareness in three low risk coastal communities in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

The Philippines is highly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards. As a result, the country has an extensive disaster risk database that consists of different hazard and risk maps to be used as reference in creating development plans. However, some communities are in relatively low risk zones, such as those in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan (with many inhabitants of the city believing it to be safe). This study seeks to ascertain how disaster risk is understood in coastal areas that are only slightly susceptible to natural hazards, in order to provide strategies to improve disaster risk governance. The study validated national data on coastal disaster risk through a topographical survey, questionnaire surveys, and group interviews (in March 2016 and 2017) to understand whether residents knew the risks they are exposed to. The research found that national data reflects local conditions but community members do not have a clear understanding of the risks, particularly coastal hazards. Moreover, the research found that there has been a recent disaster event, though it was not properly archived and transmitted to the next generation. Thus, there is a need to raise awareness to correctly explain and transmit knowledge about potential hazards even in communities that have relatively lower disaster risk.

Influence of built environment and risk perception on seismic evacuation behavior: Evidence from rural areas affected by Wenchuan earthquake

During the decade after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, numerous earthquakes of different magnitudes have occurred in the affected areas. The need for immediate emergency evacuation following the occurrence of disaster was unanimously recognized by experts as the safest and most effective response of residents. Moreover, this behavior is directly influenced by residents' perceptions of disaster risk and built environment (BE). To explore the relationship between seismic evacuation behavior and perceptions of risk and BE, this study utilized a random survey in the form of a sample questionnaire in the areas most affected by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, combined with exploratory factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results show that residents' BE and risk perceptions positively affected their evacuation choice behavior. Specifically, when rural residents perceived a reasonable evacuation route and good quality of village roads, they would flee their homes as soon as an earthquake struck. With regard to seismic risk perception, if the residents perceived highly negative consequences from earthquakes, they would escape immediately as soon as an earthquake occurred. This conclusion highlights the importance of strengthening the construction of BE in disaster-prone areas, and raising residents’ awareness and risk perception of earthquake disasters. This study has practical significance in further construction of earthquake-stricken areas.

Tornado Disaster Casualties Admitted to a County Hospital in the Jiangsu Province of China.

We analyzed characteristics of tornado-related injuries and medical impact on a county-level hospital in China in June 23, 2016. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze local government rescue responses following the tornado. County hospital medical records of 288 tornado-related injury patients were collected. Descriptive analyses to study injury characteristics and associated risk factors were performed. Of the studied population, 84% of the wounded were older than 45 years. Only 30 (10.4%) people were sent to the hospital for treatment within 3 hours following the disaster. Heavy objects or collapsing houses accounted for 191 (66.3%) of the documented injuries. The proportion of people with resulting brain injuries was 46.2% of the entire injured population, and the incidence of lower extremity injuries was 27.8%. A total of 89.6% of the wounded had skin and soft tissue injuries. Multiple injuries were found in 129 (44.8%) people and 156 had a single injury (54.2%), and 3 cases with acute stress disorder were admitted to the hospital. Preparation plans, including tornado warnings, prevention, and rescue, are a basic requirement for the mitigation of tornado-related injuries. Protection awareness of tornado disasters is also critical to ensure injury prevention.

Knowledge, experience and preparedness: factors influencing citizen decision-making in severe weather situations

During 1997-2007 the entire state of Tennessee experienced in total 300 tornados, causing 87 deaths and $617.1 million in damaged property. Therefore the ability to alert/warn all segments of a community regarding the potential of severe weather is essential for the safety and well-being of those potentially affected. To ascertain the best way that this could be achieved, questionnaire surveys were conducted on the current practice and limitations to inform future need for change from the public, disaster management and the broadcast media. Prior experience gave the public a greater understanding of the threats associated with severe weather and actions to be taken. This study identifies a clear need for new and innovative ways to educate both the general public as well as the broadcast media and emergency management in disaster awareness and preparedness.

Knowledge, experience and preparedness: factors influencing citizen decision-making in severe weather situations

During 1997-2007 the entire state of Tennessee experienced in total 300 tornados, causing 87 deaths and $617.1 million in damaged property. Therefore the ability to alert/warn all segments of a community regarding the potential of severe weather is essential for the safety and well-being of those potentially affected. To ascertain the best way that this could be achieved, questionnaire surveys were conducted on the current practice and limitations to inform future need for change from the public, disaster management and the broadcast media. Prior experience gave the public a greater understanding of the threats associated with severe weather and actions to be taken. This study identifies a clear need for new and innovative ways to educate both the general public as well as the broadcast media and emergency management in disaster awareness and preparedness.

Drought frequency characteristics of China, 1981-2019, based on the vegetation health index

Droughts—major natural disasters with a complex development and evolution process—cause enormous losses for society, especially in the agriculture sector. We analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of drought frequency in China at grid level during 1981-2019 with the nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend method, using a high temporal resolution vegetation health index dataset at week-scale. Results suggest the that (1) after entering the 21st century, China’s drought-affected area has declined, with Northeast China being the least affected region and Northwest China being the most severely affected; (2) the spatial pattern of drought characteristics in China is polarized, and the frequency of droughts has generally declined, with the most prominent intensity and frequency observed in some urbanized and economically developed regions; and (3) although the changes to the drought characteristics and frequency in China provide a generally optimistic picture, drought intensity and frequency in some developed regions have increased significantly, and the future trend predictions for these areas are less positive. This study, focusing on the spatiotemporal characteristics and evolution of drought patterns, with the aim of raising awareness of drought disasters, can help mitigate and prevent the damage caused by droughts to society, and can provide a scientific basis for drought early-warning systems and risk management in China going forward.

Can Fellow Countryman Associations in Istanbul Take Active Role in Disaster Awareness?

Çalışmada toplum afet bilinci geliştirmede mevcut sivil toplum kuruluşları altyapısının kullanılabilirliği tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda sivil toplum kuruluşu olarak “Hemşehri Dernekleri”nin kentte kurduğu sosyal dayanışma ağlarının temel afet bilincinin yaygınlaştırılmasında kullanılabilirliği İstanbul sınırlılığında incelenmiştir. Hemşehri dernekleri ülke genelinde ve daha çok göç alan büyük kentlerde yaygın sosyal ağı ile geleneksel dayanışma kültürünün kentlerdeki uzantısı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İstanbul’un araştırma alanı olarak seçiminde hemşehri derneklerinin yoğun olarak faaliyet göstermesi, deprem tehlikesi altında olması ve afet riskleri taşıması ekten olmuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. İstanbul’da hâlihazırda 135 federasyon altında toplanmış 6304 hemşehri derneği bulunmaktadır. Hemşehri derneklerinin yapısı ve sayıca fazla oluşu, araştırmada kullanılacak araçların şekillenmesinde etkili olmuş, araştırmanın hemşehri derneklerinin bağlı oldukları federasyonlar yoluyla yapılmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda hemşehri derneklerinin bağlı olduğu federasyonlarla iletişim kurulmuş ve görüşmeyi kabul eden altı federasyonla ayrıntılı görüşme yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonuçları, konuyla ilgili istekli olunmakla birlikte ön çalışma ve hazırlıkların gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF CELINA HOMES IV SUBDIVISION BARANGAY BURGOSRODRIGUEZ, RIZAL, PHILIPPINES: A COMMUNITY- -CENTERED EVALUATION

The disaster preparedness and awareness of the community of Celina Homes IV Subdivision in Barangay Burgos Rodriguez, Rizal was assessed and evaluated. A descriptive cross--sectional research was employed to assess the disaster preparedness among the one hundred eighty--three (183) residents of Celina Homes IV Subdivision, Barangay Burgos, Rodriguez, Rizal. The findings showed that the level of disaster preparedness of the Celina Homes IV Subdivision community in terms of preparations for incoming disasters, knowledge on disaster prone areas, availability of disaster equipment and supplies, safety measures in the community, and seminars and information campaign on disaster preparedness is high, and that the level of disaster awareness of the community of Celina Homes IV Subdivision on different natural disaster like earthquakes, flashfloods/floods and landslides is also high. However, the results revealed that the community lack exposure to seminars and information campaigns that will help enhance and update their readiness to disasters. Results further reveal that the residents need a disaster readiness campaign that is highly recommended to all ages. In line with these findings, a disaster preparedness infographic was crafted to enhance the disaster preparedness and awareness of the community.

SINERGITAS PENTAHELIX DALAM PEMULIHAN PARIWISATA PASCA BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNG API SINABUNG DI KABUPATEN KARO, SUMATERA UTARA

The eruption of Mount Sinabung had a pretty heavy impact on Karo District, in terms of the tourism economy sector, which has been the signature economy motor of this region. For almost 1 (one) decade, the eruption disaster shook, the recovery effort is still stagnant despite various government efforts. Therefore, this study aims to carry out an inventory of economic recovery, particularly in the tourism sector in Karo District by including the pentahelix synergy model as a surefire strategy to encourage community independence and achieve faster and more sustainable recovery goals. This study uses qualitative research methods with the main data collection techniques through a Focus Group Discussion. The results achieved indicate several strategies can be carried out to restore tourism in Karo District, including: rehabilitation of the image of Karo district as a safe tourist destination, strengthening the disaster awareness movement, infrastructure recovery, to the creation of signature tourism products based on disaster tourism, health tourism and agro tourism. This study also illustrates what roles can be taken by the government, academia, industry, society and the media in each strategy and proposed program.

INTEGRATION OF PARTICIPATORY MAPPING, CROWDSOURCING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY CILEDUG LOR, CIREBON)

Ciledug Lor is a flood-prone area in Cirebon Regency. Flood disaster management can empower the community through participatory mapping and crowdsourcing activities. This study aims to analyze the level of floods, threats, vulnerabilities, capacities, risks and refuge locations in Ciledug Lor Village based on participatory mapping, crowdsourcing, and GIS. Various indicators of threat, vulnerability, and flood capacity are obtained from field survey, open data and official data that have been given a value and weight which are then processed using overlay analysis to obtain flood risk parameters. Determination of refuge locations used network analysis to find out the route, distance, and effective time. The results analysis and modeling showed the average flood level in Ciledug Lor reached 2.27 meters. The refugee location for Dusun Pamosongan and Dusun Kampung Baru are to the north close to the railway tracks. Meanwhile, Dusun Karanganyar and Dusun Genggong are in the Ciledug Bus Terminal. In the future, participatory mapping, crowdsourcing, and GIS are expected to build awareness and resilience of disaster.

Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge among local people in a Selected Community in the Philippines

Background: The Philippines has been classified as highly vulnerable to natural disasters. Hence, reinforcing the capacities of communities towards the risk and adverse impacts of natural hazards is essential in order to reduce vulnerability and manage disasters. The study assessed disaster-related knowledge including (1) disaster preparedness and readiness, (2) disaster adaptation, (3) disaster awareness, and (4) disaster risk perception of the local people in a selected community.
 Methods: A descriptive-cross sectional study was utilized and a convenience sampling technique was used to select the 60 participants. The disaster risk reduction knowledge was assessed using the Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and univariate linear regression.
 Results: The study revealed that the local people in the selected community have good knowledge on disaster preparedness and readiness, disaster adaptation, and disaster awareness and fair knowledge on disaster-related knowledge and disaster risk perception. Further, age, sex, civil status, and education did not predict the level of disaster risk reduction knowledge.
 Conclusion: The initiatives for disaster education in the Philippines are sufficient as evidenced by a good level of disaster risk reduction knowledge among the local people in the selected community.

Assessment of socioeconomic vulnerability of coastal community in management of floods in Mataram

Natural disasters that often occur in coastal areas are tidal floods and river floods. Flood vulnerability management of coastal areas has become increasingly important to mitigate and prevent floods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the socio-economic vulnerability of the Mataram City coast. The spatial-DPSIR approach was employed to study the socio-economic and ecological framework. The socio-economic vulnerability was analyzed using the following parameters: population density, poverty level, livelihoods, land ownership, awareness of disasters, the presence of business areas and trade areas, and physical damage to buildings. The analysis result of the coastal flood socio-economic vulnerability showed that most of the Mataram coast were classified as intermediate. The results of this study are expected to become a reference for development and management, especially in spatial planning policies for a disaster-secure coastal area.

Household disaster awareness and preparedness: A case study of flood hazards in Asamankese in the West Akim Municipality of Ghana.

Increasing disasters and their associated devastating impacts on society have called into question the capacity of countries to address disaster occurrences. Hitherto, primary disaster management institutions have addressed disaster in a piecemeal manner, commonly through the distribution of relief items after occurrence of disasters. Considering this shortfall and as a contribution to the current discourse of disaster management, this study investigated households’ awareness and preparedness for flood disasters in Asamankese, a rapidly developing township, which has also seen increase in flood disasters in recent times. To this end, a mixed research method approach was used in both data collection and analysis. A survey was conducted to collect data from 200 households in the township. Two focus group discussions were also organised to gather in-depth insights. The study found that households’ awareness of flood disaster risks was very high in both flood-prone and non-flood-prone ecological zones of Asamankese. Also, notable from the study was that whereas level of awareness was high among residents, preparedness levels were generally low, especially in terms of financial preparedness. Several recommendations were proposed, which include improving public education and sensitisation on flood disaster preparedness strategies, creating financial support scheme for residents to increase their financial preparedness as well as encouraging residents to increase their social capital support and participate in community gatherings.

Assessment of Effectiveness of Emergency Response Time during Landslide Event in Malaysia

The number of landslide disaster is increasing in Malaysia, and its impact is significant to livelihoods, socio-economic, physical and environmental assets of people and businesses. Historically, as recorded by Malaysia Public Work Department, a total of 440 landslides in Malaysia for the period 1973 to 2007, while more landslides are not properly reported and recorded. Emergency Response Planning (ERP) with right decision at the ‘initial stage’ of an emergency plays a major role in reducing disaster impact. Response from the rescue team was varied subjected to underlying risk, hill-slope geomorphological processes and characteristics of each landslide. Many ERP elements should be considered, e.g. data on specialised equipment and organisations must be updated. This paper provides a better insight into the effective emergency response preparedness in Malaysia. This study investigates the level of preparedness of the rescue team and the community towards landslide-prone area. Analysis of emergency response time based on the Malaysia Civil Defence Force (MCDF) experienced recorded from the classical and recent landslide in Hulu Kelang Selangor. The landslide was caused by multiple internal and external factors, which mainly induced by inadequate design of retaining structures and slopes. So far, 28 historical landslide events were reported in the Hulu Kelang area from 1990 to 2011 with 21 cases of them were triggered by rainfall. The results are promising concerning emergency response time and its effectiveness. This study also addresses the issues and challenges of disaster preparedness and awareness carried out by relevant stakeholders especially in the context of landslide emergency response. Several best practices of the effective emergency response are critically reviewed and presented. As a conclusion, this study shows that an effective emergency response preparedness is crucial for supporting an effective early warning system coupled to enhanced public awareness and preparedness with structured training programs.

Recent Perceptions of Volcanic Hazard-Related Information in Japan: Expectation of Eruption Predictability and Acceptance of Uncertainty

In this study, recent perceptions of volcanic hazard-related information in Japan were investigated through an Internet questionnaire survey administered via the Internet following the 2018 volcanic eruption at Kusatsu-Shirane. The survey was focused on the change in perceptions over the course of two years, following after a 2016 survey. Additional perceptions were investigated, such as the respondents’ perceptions of eruption predictability and acceptance of uncertainty. The results of 2018 survey indicated that interest in volcanoes led to greater disaster and evacuation awareness compared with those of the 2016 survey, excessive expectations for eruption predictability decreased from 2016 to 2018. One-half of the respondents considered active information openness from experts to be of a high priority and accepted the uncertainty of hazard information.

A framework: Implementation of smart city concept towards evacuation route mapping in disaster management system

Due to the complex nature of disaster, elaborating smart city environment has being important matter in term of enhancing the resilience, awareness and preparedness. Therefore, this research propose a collaborative framework of disaster awareness system that can integrate multiple data resources in smart city ecosystem. The system architecture consist of four tiers; (1) sensor tier, which is responsible for retrieving and updating information about reality from sensors; (2) database tier, which is responsible for collecting information from related domain resources (3) decision support tier, with respect to examine the continuously updated situations for making emergency decision; and (4) alert tier, which is responsible for informing and warning citizens who living within risk area. By using earthquake impact assessment of Taiwan earthquake, the framework is built in knowledge to evaluate service area of hospital and provide evacuation route using network analyst. From infrastructure perspective, standards are introduced to resolve the various heterogeneity issues between different stakeholders. The result of hospital service area analysis is 1207 km2 and decreases about 474.5 km2 after the earthquake. Moreover, the comparison of route analysis between before and after earthquake indicates that the implementation of smart city concept and network analyst sussessfully minimize travel time until 10 minutes.

장애인의 재난안전 인식 수준과 영향 요인 탐색

장애인의 재난안전 인식 수준과 영향 요인 탐색

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF DISASTER VULNERABLE VILLAGE COMMUNITY ON THE MERAPI ERUPTION

Community resilience to anticipate disaster depends on the possession of social capital that grows in the community. Social capital can produce positive effects, unfortunately, disaster mitigations have been dominated by the development of human capital skills than social capital skills. This study aims to determine the role of social capital in disaster management in the disaster vulnerable communities of the Merapi Mount, taking a case in Girikerto village, Turi Sub-district, Sleman Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia as one area with high risk of the eruption. Independent interviews and focused group discussions were done involving hamlet heads, village government officials, and members of community disaster organizations; in addition to observation in the village dailylife. The results showed that social capital covering values and norms, commitment, trust, networking and sharing of information or knowledge provides benefits in the form of increased community awareness of disaster, social solidarity, and disaster knowledge of the citizens. Therefore, it is important to held community empowerment using an educational approach that is based on the utilization of social capital directly and planned in disaster vulnerable areas for enlarging the resiliency capacity of community.