Awareness Of Contraception Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraception Methods Among Female Undergraduates in Dodoma, Tanzania.

IntroductionContraception is regarded as an important preventive measure of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), among youths. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraception among female undergraduates in Dodoma, Tanzania.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 female undergraduates of St John’s University, Dodoma. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi-Info version 7.2.2.6 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age of participants was 27.4 (± 5.7). The majority (96%) of the participants were aware of contraception. Awareness of contraception was significantly associated with the age (p<0.0001), marital status (p<0.00001), and religion of the participating students (p=0.02). Slightly less than half (47.4%) of the students reported having ever used at least one type of contraception while feeling embarrassed to buy or ask for contraception (64.6%) and differing religious beliefs (32.3%) were among the reasons reported by students for not using contraception.ConclusionDespite the relatively low utilization of contraception, the majority of the participants had knowledge of contraception. This calls for efforts to advocate the effective utilization of reproductive and sexual health services among youths.

21. Sexual Health and Contraceptive Awareness in Pregnant Mexican Teenagers: The Patient’s Perspective

Most recommendations to prevent early pregnancies suggest sexual health and contraceptive education to teenagers, because of their lack of knowledge in how to avoid unwanted pregnancies and STDs. Also, multiple characteristics influence contraceptive selection and appropriate counseling and supplemental support to help women clarify their preferences is needed. Therefore, we report the overall sexual health and contraceptive awareness in pregnant Mexican teenagers.

The Awareness of Contraception and Experience of Oral Contraceptives among North Korean Defector Women in Republic of Korea

The Awareness of Contraception and Experience of Oral Contraceptives among North Korean Defector Women in Republic of Korea

English

Globally, family planning service is an essential element of reproductive health care and contributes immensely to the reduction of the worldwide burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and uptake of family planning services, among women of reproductive age group attending outpatient clinic at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among women of reproductive age group attending outpatient clinics from December 2017 to January 2018. Respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 17. A total of 191 (95.5%) women aged between 15 and 49 years were successfully interviewed during the study. Majority, 174/191 (91.1%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of family planning services; 125/174 (72.0%) had a positive attitude towards the use of various types of contraceptives and 29 (15.0%) were completely against the use of contraceptives. Majority of the respondents, 132 (69.0%) were not using any form of family planning. Condom was the most frequently used contraceptive method; where it accounts for 60.0% while sterilization contributes the least that is 22.0%. Major factors associated with the uptake of contraceptives include marital status (p=0.029) and the occupation of the respondents (p=0.010). Respondent&rsquo;s knowledge towards family planning was good but this did not translate to use. Also, over half of the respondents had positive attitude towards family planning. The uptake of family planning services was higher than the average for Edo State and for Nigeria.&nbsp; Common barriers to uptake included fear of side effects and for religious reasons. The state and local government should bridge the gap between awareness and uptake of contraception; by providing correct information to women of reproductive age to break down common barriers. Key words: Knowledge, attitude, uptake, family planning services, South-South Nigeria. &nbsp

Are family planning vouchers effective in increasing use, improving equity and reaching the underserved? An evaluation of a voucher program in Pakistan

BackgroundLow modern contraceptive prevalence rate and high unmet need in Pakistan aggravates the vulnerabilities of unintended pregnancies and births contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of a free, single-purpose voucher approach in increasing the uptake, use and better targeting of modern contraceptives among women from the lowest two wealth quintiles in rural and urban communities of Punjab province, Pakistan.MethodsA quasi-interventional study with pre- and post-phases was implemented across an intervention (Chakwal) and a control district (Bhakkar) in Punjab province (August 2012–January 2015). To detect a 15% increase in modern contraceptive prevalence rate compared to baseline, 1276 women were enrolled in each arm. Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimates are reported for key variables, and concentration curves and index are described for equity.ResultsCompared to baseline, awareness of contraceptives increased by 30 percentage points among population in the intervention area. Vouchers also resulted in a net increase of 16% points in current contraceptive use and 26% points in modern methods use. The underserved population demonstrated better knowledge and utilized the modern methods more than their affluent counterparts. Intervention area also reported a low method-specific discontinuation (13.7%) and high method-specific switching rates (46.6%) amongst modern contraceptive users during the past 24 months. The concentration index indicated that voucher use was more common among the poor and vouchers seem to reduce the inequality in access to modern methods across wealth quintiles.ConclusionVouchers can substantially expand contraceptive access and choice among the underserved populations. Vouchers are a good financing tool to improve equity, increase access, and quality of services for the underserved thus contributing towards achieving universal health coverage targets.

Community Perspectives on Contraception in the Context of the Zika Virus in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Implications for Communication and Messaging.

Between January and October 2016, 575 symptomatic confirmed cases of Zika virus infection were reported in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects. Preventing unintended pregnancy among women who choose to delay or avoid pregnancy is a primary strategy to reduce these adverse outcomes. A rapid assessment, using one men's and five women's focus groups (N=43), was conducted to inform communication efforts to increase awareness of contraception as a means for preventing unintended pregnancy in the context of a Zika outbreak in the USVI. Findings showed that people of reproductive age were aware of the relationship between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. However, when discussing methods for prevention, participants did not include preventing unintended pregnancy as a strategy to reduce these adverse outcomes. When asked about family planning in the USVI, participants discussed that, for some, planning pregnancies is not common. Participants wanted communications about contraception to include available methods, side effects, costs, and safety. Optimal communication channels included social media and local spokespersons. Participants identified health care providers as a trusted information source. Findings from this assessment informed the design of a culturally appropriate communication strategy to raise awareness of the prevention of unintended pregnancy as a primary strategy to reduce Zika-related adverse birth outcomes in the USVI.

Integrating reproductive and child health services enables access to modern contraception in Sierra Leone.

From mid-2015, reproductive and child health interventions were integrated into a routine 6-month contact point: vitamin A supplementation, nutrition counseling with the mother's participation in the preparation of a complementary food, and confidential family planning counseling with provision of modern forms of contraceptives. By mid-2017, these services had reached 28% of health facilities nationwide. To evaluate awareness and uptake of modern contraception and complementary feeding practices. All health facilities were visited, and the health worker "in-charge" were interviewed to ascertain their training status and supply chains. Within each catchment, community mothers of children 6 to 23months of age were interviewed. Interviews were conducted with 321 "in-charges" and 670 mothers. Advantages and different types of contraception were understood by 99.0% of mothers, and 52.7% reported they were utilizing depot injections, hormonal implants, or oral contraceptive pills (45.1%, 34.6%, and 20.6% of users, respectively). Uptake was higher among Christians (62.1%) versus Muslims (48.6%) and among those with secondary/tertiary (61.5%) or primary education (60.5%) versus no education (43.3%) (P<0.005 and P<0.05, respectively). Complementary feeding practices included minimal meal diversity, 49.2% (fed three or more of six food groups), and recommended minimal meal frequency appropriate for age, 52.6%. Health workers reported frequent stockouts of vitamin A capsules (8%), male condoms (1%), oral contraceptives (10%), depot injections (20%), and hormonal implants (30%). In communities served by these integrated services, awareness and uptake of modern contraception exceeded national targets despite weak supply chains, and complementary feeding practices were favorable compared with the national survey.

Family planning among undergraduate university students: a CASE study of a public university in Ghana

BackgroundGlobally, the rate of unplanned pregnancies among students at institutions of higher education, continue to increase annually despite the universal awareness and availability of contraceptives to the general population. This study examined family planning among undergraduate university students focusing on their knowledge, use and attitudes towards contraception in the University of Education Winneba.MethodsThe study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a structured self-administered questionnaire. One hundred undergraduate students from the University of Education Winneba were selected using a multistage simple random sampling technique. A Likert scale was used to assess the attitude of the respondents towards family planning methods.ResultsFindings show that the respondents had a positive attitude towards family planning with an average mean score of about 4.0 using a contraceptive attitude Likert scale. Knowledge of contraception, awareness and benefits however do not commensurate contraceptive use among undergraduate students since availability, accessibility and preference influence usage. Emergency Contraception (Lydia) was reported as easy to get contraceptive, hence the most frequently used contraceptive (31%) among young female students aged 21-24 years who appeared as the most vulnerable in accessing and using contraceptives due to perceived social stigma.ConclusionThe observation that levels of Family Planning awareness levels do not commensurate knowledge and usage levels calls for more innovative strategies for contraceptive promotion, and Education on the various university campus. The study recommends that public Universities in Ghana should consider a possible curriculum restructuring to incorporate family planning updates. In this regard, a nationwide mixed method study targeting other tertiary institutions including colleges of education in Ghana is required to explore the topic further to inform policy and programme decisions.

Contraceptive Awareness in Antenatal Women Attending Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Contraceptive Awareness in Antenatal Women Attending Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning services among healthcare workers in Kashmir - A cross-sectional study.

Background:Researches have shown highest awareness but low utilization of contraceptives making the situation a serious challenge. Most of women in reproductive age group know little or have incorrect information about family planning methods. Even when they know the name of some of the contraceptives, they do not know where to get them or how to use it. These women have negative attitude about family planning, whereas some have heard false and misleading information, the current study aimed in assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning among female healthcare workers in Kashmir valley.Method:A self-administered questionnaire was served to the female multipurpose health workers of District Anantnag and Baramulla at a training conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir.Result:All the participants had heard about family planning methods. The major sources of information were trainers (78.8%). About 90.4% of the study participants gave correct response regarding the types of family planning. About 80.1% of the respondents had a favorable attitude toward family planning. Around three-fourths of the study participants practiced one or other method of family planning.Conclusion:Our study lead to the conclusion that the level of knowledge and attitude toward family planning was relatively low and FP utilization was quite low among the healthcare workers. In order to imbibe positive attitude among general public, the health workers need to be trained so as to inculcate the positive attitude in them leading to increased awareness among general public with regard to family planning.

Awareness and acceptance of contraceptives among the mothers of infants attending an immunization session at a field practices area of a tertiary care hospital

Background: India was the first country in the world to have launched a National Programme for Family Planning.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the in Vaccination unit of rural field practice area of Shri Ram Murti Smarak institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS) Bareilly (U.P). Objective of the study was to assess knowledge and practice of postpartum contraception and factors affecting the usage of contraceptives in Rural area. All females who delivered within last one year were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used. A total of 98 females were included. The appropriate statistical analysis was done to present the results.Results: 28.57% females had adopted one or the other postpartum contraceptive measure. Condom was the most common method used. Usage of postpartum contraception was significantly associated with women’s and husband’s education, type of delivery and availing of antenatal and postnatal visits.Conclusions: Overall usage of postpartum contraception was low there is need to focus at every step to contact of these women with health facility or health workers.

ASSOCIATION OF CONTRACEPTIVE BARRIERS WITH SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Background: In Pakistan population explosion is an important issue. Objectives of this study were to determine frequency of contraception users, frequency of different types of contraceptives used and association between contraceptive barriers and socio demographic variables. Materials &amp; Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Community Medicine, Gomal medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 1st February to 31st March 2019. Sample size was 100. Sampling technique was consecutive. Only married women of reproductive age having already one child at least were included in the sample. Sociodemographic variables were age, residence, education, family income, family type, awareness of contraception, willingness for contraception, use of different contraceptive methods, age of marriage, age at first pregnancy and number of live children. Research variables were personal, religious, cultural and service barriers to use of contraception. All variables were recorded on categorical scale, whereas age of marriage, age at first pregnancy and number of live children were numerical variables expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test of association was performed. Results: Out of 100 respondents, 49% were from 15 to 30 years. Family income was

Emergency contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and practices among female students at the University of Botswana: A descriptive survey.

BackgroundUnintended pregnancies are associated with unsafe abortions and maternal deaths, particularly in countries such as Botswana, where abortion is illegal. Many of these unwanted pregnancies could be avoided by using emergency contraception, which is widely available in Botswana.AimTo assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of female students with regard to emergency contraception at the University of Botswana.SettingStudents from University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.MethodsA descriptive survey among 371 students selected from all eight faculties at the university. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.ResultsThe mean age was 20.6 years (SD 1.62), 58% were sexually active, 22% had used emergency contraception and 52% of pregnancies were unintended. Of the total respondents, 95% replied that they had heard of emergency contraception; however, only 53% were considered to have good knowledge, and 55% had negative attitudes towards its use. Students from urban areas had better knowledge than their rural counterparts (p = 0.020). Better knowledge of emergency contraception was associated with more positive attitudes towards actual use (p < 0.001). Older students (p < 0.001) and those in higher years of study (p = 0.001) were more likely to have used emergency contraception.ConclusionAlthough awareness of emergency contraception was high, level of knowledge and intention to use were low. There is a need for a targeted health education programme to provide accurate information about emergency contraception.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding emergency contraception among married women in Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Background: An unwanted and unintended pregnancy is a major concern in a women’s life as it has its adverse social and health outcomes. Emergency contraception (EC) is safe and effective method that gives women a second chance to prevent unwanted pregnancy after unprotected intercourse.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study done in field practice area under the department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab. A total of 400 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling from the list of eligible couples residing in the area. The interview was conducted using semi structured questionnaire, after obtaining their informed consent.Results: The mean age of respondents was 31.44±5.67 years. 68.7% of respondents were using some kind of contraception. Majority (68%) of respondents had heard of emergency contraception and for majority (81.3%) source of information about EC was Media (TV). Out of 272 respondents who had heard of emergency contraception 146 (54.1%) had negative attitude towards emergency contraception and only 30 (8%) had used ECP. Practice of ECP was found to have statistically significant association with employment and history of unwanted pregnancy.Conclusions: EC has a potential to curb the menace of unintended pregnancy thereby decreasing unsafe abortion and maternal mortality. In spite of reasonable awareness of emergency contraception, as found in present study there is wide gap for its usage. Hence behavioural change strategies should be considered to bring attitudinal change on use of emergency contraception.

Unplanned pregnancies and contraceptive use among HIV- positive women in care.

Among 230,360 women with diagnosed HIV in the United States (U.S.), ~ 8,500 give birth annually, and unplanned pregnancies (as with HIV-negative women) are prevalent. However, unplanned pregnancies and contraceptive use among HIV-positive women have been understudied. To examine unplanned pregnancies and contraceptive use among HIV-positive women, we used 2013–2014 data from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), an HIV surveillance system that produces national estimates for HIV-positive adults in care in the U.S. (Pregnancy outcome dates were from years 1986–2015 for this cohort of women who were interviewed during 2013–2014; median year of reported pregnancy outcome was year 2003). Women in HIV care and diagnosed with HIV before age 45 (reproductive age) were included. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of unplanned pregnancies with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For women who were aged 18–44 years at time of interview, we computed weighted prevalences of contraceptive use (previous 12 months) by method, including permanent (i.e., sterilization), short-acting (i.e., pills, depo-progesterone acetate (DMPA)), long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) (i.e., implants), and barriers (i.e., condoms). Six hundred seventy-one women met criteria for the unplanned pregnancy analysis; median age at HIV diagnosis = 24.6 years, and 78.1% (CI:74.5–81.7) reported ≥ 1 unplanned pregnancy. Women reporting unplanned pregnancies were more likely to be non-Hispanic white (aPR = 1.20; CI 1.05–1.38) or non-Hispanic black (aPR = 1.14; CI 1.01–1.28) than Hispanic, to be above the poverty level (aPR = 1.09; CI 1.01–1.18), and to have not received care from an OB/GYN in the year before interview (aPR = 1.13; CI 1.04–1.22). Among 1,142 total pregnancies, 795 (69.6%) were live births; 70 (7.8%) were born HIV-positive; 42 (60%) of those born HIV-positive were unplanned pregnancies. For the contraceptives analysis (n = 957 women who were aged 18–44 at time of interview), 90.5% reported using at least one contraceptive, including 59.7% reporting barrier methods, 29.9% reporting permanent sterilization, and 22.8% reporting short-term methods in the previous year. LARC was used by only 5.3% of women. Women who reported use of LARC or DMPA were more likely to be aged 18–29 years (aPR = 3.08; CI 1.61–5.89) or 30–39 years (aPR = 2.86; CI 1.76–4.63) compared with women aged 40–44 years. Unplanned pregnancies were prevalent and LARC use was low; prevention efforts should strengthen pregnancy planning and contraceptive awareness for HIV-positive women during clinical visits.

Contraception Knowledge in Transgender Individuals: Are we Doing Enough? [9F

INTRODUCTION: Transgender individuals are often reluctant to seek reproductive health care and have under-addressed needs. Our objective is to determine use and awareness of contraceptive methods and views on abortion in this population. METHODS: Transgender patients ages 18-65 participated in an online survey about reproductive history, contraceptive use and knowledge, and abortion views. RESULTS: 100 transgender men and 20 transgender women completed the survey. The mean age of transgender men and women was 22.9 (SD 5.6) and 25.9 (SD 9.5) respectively. The majority was white (85%). 76/101 (75%) were at risk of unintended pregnancy. 30/97 (31%) transgender men and 12/18 (67%) transgender women believed or were unsure if testosterone or estrogen therapy prevents pregnancy. 1/18 (6%) transgender women and 9/93 (9%) transgender men indicated that a provider stated gender affirming hormones prevented pregnancy. Over 70% had knowledge of condoms, oral contraceptive pills, and sterilization. 70% of transgender men were also aware of the contraceptive ring and implant. However, only 18/89 (20%) transgender men and 4/11 (36%) transgender women used contraception. 8/17 (47%) transgender women and 44/87 (51%) transgender men stated a provider did not discuss contraception after initiating hormone therapy. There were no unplanned pregnancies (0/16, 0%) in partners of transgender women. 3/93 (3%) transgender men had unplanned pregnancies. 2/3 chose abortion. The vast majority (95%) identify as pro-choice. CONCLUSION: Although many transgender individuals in our cohort were at potential risk of pregnancy, contraceptive use was limited. This highlights need for educational interventions for patients and providers and increased access to contraceptive and reproductive services.

Cross-sectional study of contraceptive use among Chinese women of reproductive age: results based on a mobile application (APP)-derived data.

To evaluate the contraceptive status among Chinese women of reproductive age and factors associated with contraceptive methods. A cross-sectional study from November 2015 to January 2016 was conducted. We used APP to collect demographics and contraceptive use information of women aged 14-44years in China. A total of 23,669 women completed the study. After data cleaning, 19,768 (83.5%) women were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 78.9%; while 21.05% of women did not use any method, condoms (40.10%), rhythm, or withdrawal (31.03%) were the most commonly used methods. When contraceptive methods were divided into four categories-long-acting contraceptives (LAC), short-acting contraceptive (SAC), Others, and "No use"-the prevalence was 6.1% (601/19,678), 40.8% (8022/19,678), 35.1% (6912/19,678), and 21.1% (4143/19,678), respectively. Women with a high level of education, being unmarried, and sexually active women tended to choose SAC; married women were associated with LAC usage. Women with irregular menstrual cycle used a high proportion of emergency contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 78.9%, with condom use being most prominent. Young women of reproductive age have low awareness of contraception. Relevant departments should take necessary measures to improve this situation.

148 - Trends, Awareness, and Receptiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception among Teens and Young Women Aged 13–20 Years

148 - Trends, Awareness, and Receptiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception among Teens and Young Women Aged 13–20 Years

Determinants of contraceptive use among women attending antenatal care at federal teaching hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

Background: Contraception is of immense relevance in reproductive health. It is also one of the effective strategies towards improving maternal health. This study was designed to determine the awareness and use of contraceptives among women attending antenatal care at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria.Method: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 415 women receiving antenatal care at the facility. Information was obtained using a pre-tested, interviewer- administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software version 22 and level of statistical significance was determined by a p-value <0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.3±4.5 years. Majority of respondents, (288) 69.4% had attained tertiary education. Majority, (350)84.3% were aware of contraception and the male condom, (292)70.4% and the pill, (244) 58.8% were the most known methods. Source of information on contraception were mostly from television, (201)48.4% and health workers, (186)44.8%. Use of contraceptives was low among the respondents, (99)23.9% and the male condom, (52) 52.5% and natural method, (28)28.3% were the common methods used. Contraceptives were obtained mainly from pharmacy shops/patent medicine vendors, (50)50.5% and public health facilities, (21) 21.2%. Majority of those who used contraceptives had the support of their husbands, (94) 94.9% and majority also (83)83.8% were satisfied with the methods used. Predictors of contraceptive use among the respondents included being unmarried, (AOR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.3- 10.5), Nullipara, (AOR=0.09; 95% CI: 0.02-0.3) and having 1-4 children, (AOR=0.1; 95% CI: 0.05-0.4).Conclusion: Awareness of contraception was high, however utilization was low among the respondents in the study area. There may be the need for increased public enlightenment on the use of contraceptives. Health workers will have a role to play through counselling of clients. Changing the preference of the people for large family sizes may increase the use of contraceptives in Nigeria and there should be greater emphasis on female education.Keywords: Determinants, contraceptive, antenatal care, tertiary hospital, Nigeria

Awareness and Practices of Temporary Contraception in Rural Women of Uttar Pradesh

Awareness and Practices of Temporary Contraception in Rural Women of Uttar Pradesh