Aviation Communication System Research Articles

Pengaruh Pancaran Radio Komunikasi Bali Radar Terhadap Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan

The aviation communication system is very important for aviation, especially for pilots and air traffic controllers. The communication system for air traffic controllers and pilots must be adequate in order to create good communication and prevent misunderstandings between pilots and air traffic controllers. Meanwhile, the communication system at the Bali Radar APP/TMA unit cannot cover all of its areas of responsibility and is feared to affect the quality of air traffic services. After coordinating with the technical unit, the authors suggest installing a device that can extend a radio frequency signal called VHF ER (extender range), and specifically for the northern area of Mount Agung which is usually passed by VFR aircraft where the area is a class G airspace, the authors suggest creating a frequency called TIBA (Traffic Information Broadcast by Aircraft).

Zero-Bias Deep-Learning-Enabled Quickest Abnormal Event Detection in IoT

Abnormal event detection with the lowest latency is an indispensable function for safety-critical systems, such as cyber defense systems. However, as systems become increasingly complicated, conventional sequential event detection methods become less effective, especially when we need to define indicator metrics from complicated data manually. Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to handle heterogeneous data, the theoretic assurability and explainability are still insufficient. This article provides a holistic framework for the quickest and sequential detection of abnormalities and time-dependent abnormal events. We explore the latent space characteristics of zero-bias neural networks considering the classification boundaries and abnormalities. We then provide a novel method to convert zero-bias DNN classifiers into performance-assured binary abnormality detectors. Finally, we provide a sequential quickest detection (QD) scheme that provides the theoretically assured lowest abnormal event detection delay under false alarm constraints using the converted abnormality detector. We verify the effectiveness of the framework using real massive signal records in aviation communication systems and simulation. Codes and data are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/pcwhy/AbnormalityDetectionInZbDNN</uri> .

Multicarrier Spectral Shaping for Non-White Interference Channels: Application to Aeronautical Communications in the L-Band

In this paper, we investigate an algorithm to attain additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) performance in spectrally non-white channels, using multicarrier communications, i.e., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filterbank multicarrier (FBMC). The non-white channel can be from non-white noise, or more commonly, interference. Our algorithm uses a simple optimization method to find usable subcarriers and assigns different power levels to the subcarriers to attain the equivalent AWGN channel bit error ratio (BER). Subcarriers that experience very high interference are assigned as null subcarriers. After describing our analysis, we show results for two non-white interference signal examples: the Gaussian pulse shaped distance measuring equipment (DME) pulses, and a classical rectangular-pulse interference signal. The DME example is pertinent for currently proposed aviation communication systems, where new multicarrier techniques, e.g., the L-band digital aviation communication systems (LDACS) have been designed as an inlay approach between the high-power DME channels in the L-band. Our results show how using this adaptive technique can improve performance and spectral efficiency, whereas fixed bandwidth schemes such as LDACS could suffer significant performance degradation. These results show the utility of this idea for future adaptive and cognitive radio applications for aviation or other non-white channels.

Handover Prediction for Aircraft Dual Connectivity Using Model Predictive Control

Providing connectivity to aircraft such as flying taxis is a significant challenge for tomorrow's aviation communication systems. One major problem is to provide ground to air (G2A) connectivity, especially in the airport, rural and sub-rural areas where the number of radio ground stations is not adequate to support the data link resulting in frequent interruption. Hence, effective handover decision-making is necessary to provide uninterrupted services to aircraft while moving from one domain to another. However, the existing handover decision is not efficient enough to solve the aircraft connectivity in such airspace. To overcome this problem, a prediction based optimal solution to handover decision making (handover prediction) would be appropriate to provide seamless dual connectivity to aircraft. In this paper, the handover prediction problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem in the framework of the model for predictive control (MPC). The cost function and the constraints are derived in terms of dual connectivity variables over the prediction horizon. This problem is solved using a two-dimensional genetic algorithm (2D-GA) to obtain the predictive optimal handover solution. Simulation results show that the proposed dual connectivity handover can significantly improve the handover success probability. Finally, our results show that network densification and predictive control model have improved aircraft performance.

Проблема повышения эффективности специализированных авиационных и ракетно-космических систем связи в условиях увеличения потоков речевых сообщений

Современный этап развития авиационных и ракетно-космических систем специальной связи характеризуется увеличением объемов речевых информационных сообщений. Речь придает эмоциональный окрас общению, а также позволяет выражать личные качества говорящего, чего гораздо сложнее добиться путем обмена видеозаписями или изображениями. Данные аспекты подтверждают, что, во-первых, растет спрос на голосовую связь, а, во-вторых, возникает проблема повышения эффективности ССС. Возможным направлением решения таковой проблемы целесообразно считать минимизацию затрат частотно-временных ресурсов, в основе которой лежит совершенствование методов обработки данных. he current stage of development of aviation and rocket and space special communication systems is characterized by an increase in the volume of speech information messages. Speech gives an emotional color to communication, and also allows you to Express the personal qualities of the speaker, it is much more difficult to achieve by exchanging videos or images. These aspects confirm that, firstly, the demand for voice communication is growing, and, secondly, there is a problem of improving the efficiency of the CCC. It is advisable to consider minimizing the cost of time-frequency resources, which is based on improving data processing methods, as a possible way to solve this problem.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ADS-B SYSTEM SECURITY

Automatic dependent surveillance of broadcasting type (ADS-B) is an important means of ensuring the safety and efficiency of air traffic. In the future, the role of ADS-B will increase. At the same time, the cyber security of ADS-B is clearly insufficient. The article analyzes the problem of low security of ADS-B. The main reasons for the vulnerability of ADS-B are the system openness and modern achievements in the development of computer technology and software defined radio (SDR).The classification of probable attacks on the ADS-B system with the goals determination, complexity of implementation and damage from the attack is given. It is concluded that other aviation radio-technical systems possess similar vulnerabilities and require a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the security level. The main reasons for insufficient security of aviation communication, navigation and surveillance systems are: long development and certification cycles, legacy and compatibility requirements, price pressure, frequency overloads and the preference for open systems. The paper gives an overview of the main ways to improve the ADS-B system security. It is shown that all methods of improving security can be divided into two groups: methods based on the identification and authentication of broadcast radio networks subscribers and methods based on the verification of data transmitted over broadcast radio networks by unidentified subscribers. The methods of the first group implement algorithms of the identification-authentication type and can be divided into non-cryptographic and cryptographic; the latter can use symmetric or asymmetric encryption. The methods of the second group are based on various algorithms for data verification from the ADS-B system with some additional data obtained through other channels or other sources. The methods of the second group are considered: multilateration, distance restriction, Kalman filtering, statistical hypothesis testing, group verification, reasonableness check and the use of additional data. The article provides the examples of using some methods to improve the security of the ADS-B system, their advantages and disadvantages.

Simulation of Space and Ground-Based Aviation Surveillance Systems Functioning

At present, the orbital constellations of satellites with the possibility of receiving, processing and relaying the ADS-B («Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast») system signals that ensure globality and continuity of the air traffic monitoring are being created and gradually enhanced. In accordance with the concept of ADS-B technology usage , each air traffic participant broadcasts its identity, location, and status parameters in broadcast mode. Due to the fact that the system was not designed to receive signals onboard the satellite, there are certain problems related to their energy availability, the presence of collisions of messages from different sources, the effect of Doppler effect and other factors. Developed simulation model of aviation surveillance systems based on the reception of signals containing identification and navigation information and transmitted over the air in the broadcasting mode. Software-implemented simulation algorithms allow to set various constraints and assumptions (radiation sources distribution, aviation communication systems signals receiving points, information transmitting channel, signals frequency and duration distribution models) and obtain the target indicators estimates of the space and ground-based aviation surveillance systems functioning, taking into account various spatial and energy factors and conditions for the radio signals propagation, and controlled objects actual placement and their movement dynamics in the world airspace. Simulation model use methods and examples for calculating the space and ground aviation surveillance systems functioning target indicators are presented.

Analysis of Message Attacks in Aviation Data-Link Communication

In aviation communication system, VHF data-link message is used to transmit flight status, airport control instructions as well as the other sensitive information. Radio-transmitted information can be intercepted or tampered with, leading to the disclosure of private data, illegal control, and hijacking. This paper analyzed three attack routes of monitoring, entity camouflage, and man-in-the-middle attack. Man-in-the-middle attack was also able to work in next generation aviation communication networks. Two viable experiments were designed to test data-link message attacks including information leakage and the entity camouflage attack. These experiments may also be used as penetration tests of secure of aviation communication system.

Aero-Sim: An NS-2 Based Simulator for Aeronautical Ad Hoc Networks

Recently, there has been a clear trend towards the application of ad hoc networking technology in civil aviation communication systems, giving birth to a new research field, namely, aeronautical ad hoc networks (AANETs). An AANET is a special type of ad hoc wireless network with a significantly larger scale and distinct characteristics of its mobile nodes. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a simulator to facilitate the research in these networks. In this paper, we present a network simulator, Aero-Sim, for AANETs. Aero-Sim, which is based on the freely distributed NS-2 simulator, enables detailed packet-level simulations of protocols at the MAC, link, network, transport, and application layers by composing simulations with existing modules and protocols in NS-2. Moreover, Aero-Sim supports three-dimensional network deployment. Through several case studies using realistic China domestic air traffic, we show that the proposed simulator can be used to simulate AANETs and can reproduce the real world with high fidelity.

Overview of legacy systems in L-band and its influence on the future aeronautical communication system LDACS1

Currently, air traffc management is undergoing an extensive modernization process within SESAR [1] and Next-Gen [2] in Europe and the United States, respectively. This also includes the development of the future communication infrastructure (FCI) [3], which is jointly carried out by EUROCONTROL and the Federal Aviation Administration. Within the FCI, the L-band has been allocated for air-to-ground communications. Currently, two candidate systems for superseding the analogue voice communication system in the VHF band are taken into consideration. The frst candidate L-band digital aeronautical communications system type 1 (LDACS1) is a broadband system employing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and frequency-division duplex (FDD). LDACS1 has been designed as a combination of P34 (TIA 902 standard) and the broadband aeronautical multicarrier communications system [4]. The second candidate LDACS2 is a narrowband single-carrier system using time-division duplex as duplex scheme. This system is a derivative of the L-band digital link and the all-purpose multichannel aviation communication system.

Chemistry or Hua-Shue?

Presently, 10 to 18% of the world's population speaks traditional Chinese or Mandarin [1]. One of the consequences of Chinese economic growth during the last decades is a growing number of papers from that region in high impact chemistry journals. This obvious process drives us to a reflexion on the fate of the English language as lingua franca and as the scientific language in a near future. As it happened with other languages such as classical Greek, Latin, and French, English language may be bound to gradual substitution in a short period of time. During the early 90s, the presence of Chinese speaking authors in those journals was almost inexpressive, rarely exceeding 1% of the published papers [2]. Nowadays this number is close to 10% or more if one only considers the papers produced in the PRC, and everything indicates that this fraction will grow. In spite of being spoken by many people, the Mandarin language should find several obstacles to its eventual implementation as an international language. The first of them is referred to its complexity. It is extremely rich phonetically, and employs a very subtle and complicated tonal system. It uses a rich grammar, and very complicated ideograms, which can be counted in thousands. English, on the other hand, is phonetically simple and quite flexible. It is spoken by about 5% of the world's population as mother tongue and it is the official language of 54 nations [1]. It is the third in the number of speakers after Mandarin and Spanish. Such a number of anglophones may be explained by the extension of the British Empire during the nineteenth century, which was known as the Empire were the sun never sets down. Beyond its relative simplicity, since it does not use accents for example, English is also spoken by machines once everything involving communication between men and machines, especially programming languages, is based on English. It allows the utilization of short words to express what it is wanted in this context. It has to be mentioned that several protocols as for example the aviation communication system are also based on this language and, it is unlikely that they will be totally replaced at a time: this would be technically impracticable... Unless otherwise Mandarim becomes extremely simplified, I mean, much more than the actual “simplified Chinese”, and the calligraphy system be totally replaced, it is quite unlikely that Chinese will dethrone English as the lingua franca. At least for the next 50 years.

The Application of the Cognitive Radio in the Aviation Communication Spectrum Management

Abstract It is concerned that the aviation communication system is interfered by the inner and outside interference. Because of the electromagnetic spectrum is limited, it must be controlled and managed in order to use in aviation communication. The cognitive radio (CR) can perceive the electromagnetic environment automatically, search the spectrum holes, and adjust the signal parameters of both sides by communication protocols and algorithms to best situation. This paper discusses the CR and the application in the spectrum management of aviation communications.

Method of efficiency estimation of aviation communication system with radiochannel diagnosing

Offered is an original method of comparative efficiency analysis of aviation communication systems with radiochannel diagnosing. In order to receive quantitative estimation of the tested sys­tems an imitation model, constructed on the basis of modern telecommunication equipment, is used. In the capacity of the criterium for optimization of diagnosing algorithms offered is the authenticity of network information transfer

Aviation communication systems

TO DISCUSS at any length the many and complex needs of aviation for communications and the varied methods by which these needs may be met would require a great deal more space than is available. Aviation is the largest single industrial user of communications in the United States today. However, it is believed that a reasonably clear picture of the problems and needs may be established briefly and some suggestions may be offered in this article. Aviation is looking anxiously to the radio and electronic industry for the ultimate answer to problems yet unsolved. Until the members of the various communications groups and the manufacturers make available additional equipment in a form which can be used commercially, the needs of aviation for communications and air navigation cannot be fully met.