Average Sedentary Time Research Articles

Increased Duration and Intensity of Physical Activity Are Associated With Increased Pain in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between accelerometer-measured physical activity and real-time pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We tested the hypothesis that increased duration of high intensity activity would contribute to momentary increases in pain. DesignObservational study. SettingParticipants’ natural, day-to-day environment. ParticipantsPopulation-based sample of 33 individuals with unilateral FAIS. Important eligibility criteria included no concomitant hip disorders or previous hip surgery. Key sociodemographic features include that all participants were required to have a smartphone. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresDuration and intensity of physical activity as measured by a waist-worn accelerometer, and instantaneous pain reported in real-time smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment surveys. Physical activity variables included each person's average sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the 90 minutes proceeding all pain surveys as well as fluctuation in sedentary, LPA, and MVPA above or below average prior to each individual survey. ResultsLinear mixed models revealed that the significant predictors of pain included fluctuation in sedentary time (B=-0.031, P<.001), average LPA (B=0.26, P=.035), and the interaction between fluctuation in LPA and fluctuation in MVPA (B=0.001, P<.001). Fluctuation in sedentary time above a person's average was associated with lower pain, while average LPA and fluctuations above average in both LPA and MVPA were associated with higher pain. ConclusionsThese results suggest that individuals with FAIS can engage in health-enhancing MVPA but should focus on avoiding concurrent increase above average in both high intensity and LPA in the same 90-minute period. Future work is warranted testing the efficacy of such an approach on pain. Additionally, given that high levels of LPA may arise from a host of socioeconomic factors, additional research is needed to disentangle the effect of LPA on pain in FAIS.

Scaling up a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in children: protocol for the TransformUs hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial

IntroductionEfficacious programmes require implementation at scale to maximise their public health impact. TransformUs is an efficacious behavioural and environmental intervention for increasing primary (elementary) school children’s (5–12 years) physical activity...

Applying Average Real Variability to Quantifying Day–Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Postures Variability: A Comparison With Standard Deviation

Intraindividual activity variability is often overlooked, with some existing work using SD as a variability metric. However, average real variability (ARV) may be a more suitable metric as it accounts for temporal variability. The purpose of this exploratory study was to (a) apply ARV analyses to habitual activity outcomes; (b) assess the agreement between ARV and SD for habitual step counts, standing time, and sedentary time; and (c) determine the relationship between activity variability (SD and ARV) with average activity values. One hundred and eighty-nine participants (37 ± 22 years, 109 females) wore the activPAL inclinometer on their thigh 24 hr/day for 6.4 ± 0.9 days. SD and ARV were calculated for each participant across their wear time. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that ARV was significantly higher than SD for step count, standing time, and sedentary time (all, p &lt; .001). Equivalence testing demonstrated mixed equivalence for step counts (10%), standing time (12%), and sedentary time (14%). SD and ARV were highly correlated to each other for all activity metrics (all, ρ &gt; .857, p &lt; .001). SD was moderately (ρ = .601, p &lt; .001) and weakly (ρ = .296, p &lt; .001) correlated with average step count and standing time, respectively. ARV was weakly correlated with average step count and standing time (both: ρ &lt; .499, p &lt; .001). However, average sedentary time was not associated with SD or ARV (both, p &gt; .177). While the two measurements of variability were strongly correlated, they cannot be used interchangeably. More monitoring research should consider intraindividual activity variability and use methods, such as ARV, that consider the temporal nature of day–day activity.

Physical activity level and sedentary time determinants among Moroccan hypertensive patients

IntroductionHypertension is closely associated with an inactive lifestyle. Physical activity and/or exercise have been shown to delay the development of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time, and its determinants among Moroccan Hypertensive patients. Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2019 including 680 hypertensive patients. We administered international physical activity questionnaire in face-to-face interview to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time. ResultsThe results showed that only 43.4% of participants met recommended physical activity levels (≥ 600 MET min/week). Adherence to physical activity recommendations was observed more in male participants (p = 0.035), in participants aged less than 40 years (p = 0.040) and those aged between 41 and 50 years (p = 0.047). The average sedentary time was 37.19 ± 18.92 hours per week. This time was significantly longer in people aged 51 and over, in married, divorced, and widowed people, and in those with low levels of physical activity. ConclusionsThe level of physical inactivity and the sedentary time was high. In addition, participants with a high-level sedentary lifestyle had a low level of physical activity. Educational actions should be undertaken among this group of participants to prevent the risks associated with inactivity and sedentary behavior.

Associations of accelerometer-based sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with resting cardiac structure and function in adolescents according to sex, fat mass, lean mass, BMI, and hypertensive status.

This study examined the independent relationships of device-based measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) in relation to cardiac structural and functional geometry among adolescents. From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK birth cohort, 530 (50% female) adolescents aged 17 years had complete ST, PA, cardiac, and covariate measures. Echocardiography cardiac measures were left ventricular mass indexed for height2.7 (LVMI2.7 ), relative wall thickness, LV diastolic function (LVDF), and LV filling pressure (LVFP). Overweight/obesity and elevated systolic/BP hypertension were categorized as body mass index >24.99 kg/m2 and ≥130 mmHg, respectively. Data were analyzed with linear regression models adjusting for cardiometabolic factors and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in males and females was 17.9% and 24.5%, respectively. The prevalence of elevated systolic BP/hypertension was 11.6% in males and 1.1% among females. The average ST was 484 ± 78 min/day, light PA was 274 ± 62 min/day, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was 41 ± 24 min/day, among females. Average ST, LPA, and MVPA were 468 ± 87 min/day, 293 ± 70 min/day, and 56 ± 30 min/day, respectively, among males. Higher ST was associated with higher LVMI2.7 (standardized β = 0.16; p = 0.01) among females, but higher ST was associated with lower LVDF in males (β = -0.14; p = 0.04). Higher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI2.7 in the total cohort, normal weight, and overweight/obese adolescents. Light PA was associated with higher LVDF in the total cohort and normotensives and lower LVFP among adolescents with high lean mass. Higher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI; however, ST-associated LVMI increase was threefold higher than MVPA-associated LVMI increase. Higher LPA was associated with better cardiac function. Reducing ST and increasing LPA may attenuate the risk of altered cardiac structure and function in adolescents.

Abstract 5955: Association of dietary patterns and liver steatosis and fibrosis among Mexican Americans in NHANES 2017-2018

Abstract Background: Mexican Americans (MAs) have the highest rates of liver steatosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver cancer compared to other Hispanic subpopulations, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks. While some diet patterns have been identified to increase or decrease risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis, no research to our knowledge has identified diet patterns associated with these outcomes in MAs. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between dietary patterns derived from factor analysis and liver steatosis and fibrosis in a nationally representative sample of MAs. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Participants were adults who identified as MA who were not pregnant or breastfeeding and had no previous diagnosis of hepatitis A or B, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Dietary patterns were derived by exploratory factor analysis of 24-hr dietary recall data. Individuals who completed only one recall, had unreliable dietary data, or reported an average caloric intake &amp;lt; 500 kcals/day or &amp;gt; 4,000 kcals/day were excluded. Elastography measurements were obtained from eligible participants in a fasting state using the Fibroscan® which provided measures of liver steatosis as controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness, a validated proxy for fibrosis. The associations of each derived dietary pattern with liver steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated in multivariate linear regression models controlling for body mass index (BMI), sex, age, average total caloric intake, sedentary time, household income, diabetes status, and smoking status. Results: The final analytic sample consisted of 633 MA adults with a mean age of 37.7 ± 0.3 years and mean BMI of 31.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2. Five factors (i.e. diet patterns) were derived accounting for 86% of the variation prior to rotation. Factor 4, characterized by relatively high intake of nuts, seeds, and oils was significantly associated with decreased levels of liver steatosis in two of the three models but not the fully-adjusted model. Factor 4 was also significantly associated with decreased fibrosis in all three models, including the fully-adjusted model (p=0.05). Factor 2, characterized by relatively high intake of milk and dairy, was significantly associated with increased levels of liver steatosis in two of the three models, including the fully-adjusted model (p=0.03). Conclusion: In a large, nationally representative sample of MA adults, we identified diet patterns associated with levels of liver fibrosis and steatosis in an exploratory analysis. Future research should investigate the association of dietary patterns in larger samples to inform interventions to reduce liver disease risk in MAs. Citation Format: Kristin E. Morrill, Melissa Lopez-Pentecost, Joel Parker, David O. Garcia, Elizabeth T. Jacobs. Association of dietary patterns and liver steatosis and fibrosis among Mexican Americans in NHANES 2017-2018 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5955.

Intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Although correlates of physical activity (PA) have been extensively examined in both children and adolescents who are typically developing, little is known about correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Therefore, we examined intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental factors and their association with device-based MVPA and sedentary time in adolescents with IDD. MVPA and sedentary time was assessed using a hip-worn ActiGraph model wGT3x-BT tri-axial accelerometer across a 7-day period in adolescents with IDD and one of their parents. Pearson and point-biserial correlations were calculated to inspect the associations of PA (MVPA, sedentary time) with intrapersonal factors (demographic characteristic, BMI, waist circumference, motor ability, muscle strength, grip strength, cardiovascular fitness and self-efficacy for PA), interpersonal factors (parent demographics, parent BMI, parent MVPA and sedentary time, family social support for PA, parent barriers and support for PA, parent's beliefs/attitudes towards PA and number of siblings), and environmental factors (meteorologic season and COVID-19). Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the unique contributions of key factors to PA after controlling for participants' age, sex, race, waist circumference and total wear time. Ninety-two adolescents (15.5±3.0years old, 21.7% non-White, 6.5% Hispanic, 56.5% female) provided valid accelerometer data. Average sedentary time was 494.6±136.4min/day and average MVPA was 19.8±24.2min/day. Age (r=0.27, P=0.01), diagnosis of congenital heart disease (r=-0.26, P=0.01) and parent sedentary time (r=0.30, P=0.01) were correlated with sedentary time. BMI (r=-0.24, P=0.03), waist circumference (r=-0.28, P=0.01), identifying as White (r=-0.23, P=0.03) and parent MVPA (r=0.56, P<0.001) were correlated with MVPA. After adjusting for the adolescent's age, sex, race, waist circumference, and total wear time, the association between parent and adolescent MVPA remained significant (b=0.55, P<0.01, partial η2 =0.11). The results of this study provide evidence that race, waist circumference and parental MVPA may influence the amount of MVPA in adolescents with IDD. The limited available information and the potential health benefits of increased MVPA highlight the need to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-component interventions targeting both intrapersonal and interpersonal levels to promote increased PA in adolescents with IDD.

Media Consumption, Stress and Wellbeing of Video Game and eSports Players in Germany: The eSports Study 2020.

The popularity of video gaming and eSports is increasing rapidly. However, most research focuses on the economical features and psychological consequences of gaming and only little is known about the health behavior of the players. Therefore, this study is a follow-up of the eSports Study 2019 and further investigates the health and health behavior of video game and eSports players in Germany. This cross-sectional study, conducted between April and September 2019, includes 1038 players (91.2% male; 23.0 ± 5.4 years; body mass index: 24.8 ± 5.0 kg/m2) who provided data regarding their health status, physical activity, sleep, media consumption, stress and wellbeing via a web-based survey. Descriptive statistics were performed on all questions. Linear regressions were used to examine the relation between media consumption, wellbeing and stress. Almost all respondents classified their health status as “good” or better (92.5%). The average sedentary and physical activity time was 7.2 ± 3.5 h/day and 8.8 ± 10.7 h/week, respectively. Respondents slept for 7.5 ± 1.3 h/night on weekdays and for 8.5 ± 1.5 h/night on weekends, but many were “sometimes” or more frequently overtired (53.1%). Daily duration of playing video games (230.4 ± 159.3 min/day) and watching livestreams and videos with (102.6 ± 101.7 min/day) and without gaming content (72.9 ± 88.5 min/day) were much higher than watching regular television (18.9 ± 49.1 min/day) or reading analog media (32.1 ± 53.5 min/day). In terms of stress and wellbeing, most players reported low stress levels (13.8 ± 5.7) and reached a moderate average score of 60.1 ± 16.4 out of 100 points in the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Linear regressions revealed no relevant significant associations. The results indicate good subjective health and health behavior of the target group. However, the high amounts of screen-based media-consumption, as well as the moderate stress and wellbeing levels show potential for improvement. In addition, the target group consumed high amounts of digital media in reference to gaming, while traditional media consumption was distinctly low. Consequently, media campaigns that address health promotion in this target group should use the platforms of digital media instead.

Differences in Sedentary Time, Light Physical Activity, and Steps Associated with Better COPD Quality of Life.

There is a knowledge gap about how much physical activity is recommended to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We asked, what is the average difference in sedentary time and physical activity associated with clinically meaningful differences in symptoms in a large, well-characterized cohort of patients with advanced COPD? We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of daily activity data in 292 patients with stable COPD. Activity measure coefficients from multivariable linear models were used to predict the average difference in activity between patients with twice the minimal clinically important difference in reported symptoms. Symptoms were assessed with the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire subdomains - dyspnea, fatigue, mastery, and emotions. Daily steps, minutes in light physical activity, and sedentary time were measured by triaxial accelerometers. Average sedentary time, light physical activity, and steps were 767.6 minutes, 177.7 minutes, and 2960 steps, respectively. Individuals with 1-point better dyspnea scores averaged 24.5 (8.4-40.5) minutes less sedentary time per day. Individuals with 1-point better dyspnea and fatigue scores averaged 21.5 (10.9-32.3) minutes or 12.5 (2.0-23.2) minutes more light physical activity per day, respectively. Individuals with 1-point better dyspnea, fatigue, mastery, and emotions scores averaged 762 (546-984), 579 (351-814), 418 (207-636), and 392 (157-634) more steps per day, respectively. We provide guidance to clinicians counseling patients with severe COPD in activity-related goal setting on sedentary time, light physical activity, and steps associated with better symptoms.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the change in sedentary time during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on health outcomes in the general population. One thousand six hundred and one articles published after 2019 were retrieved from five databases, of which 64 and 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Studies were grouped according to population: children (<18 years), adults (18–64 years) and older adults (>65 years). Average sedentary time was calculated, with sub-analyses performed by country, behaviour type and health outcomes. Children were most affected, increasing their sedentary time by 159.5 ± 142.6 min day−1, followed by adults (+126.9 ± 42.2 min day−1) and older adults (+46.9 ± 22.0 min day−1). There were no sex differences in any age group. Screen time was the only consistently measured behaviour and accounted for 46.8% and 57.2% of total sedentary time in children and adults, respectively. Increases in sedentary time were negatively correlated with global mental health, depression, anxiety and quality of life, irrespective of age. Whilst lockdown negatively affected all age groups, children were more negatively affected than adults or older adults, highlighting this population as a key intervention target. As lockdowns ease worldwide, strategies should be employed to reduce time spent sedentary. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020208909).

Sedentary And Physical Activity Time In Women During The First Year Postpartum

During the postpartum period, 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) per week is recommended. However, little is known about how many women are meeting these guidelines and if racial differences exist. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the time spent being sedentary, time in light PA (LPA), and time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), while also examining the percentage of women meeting the recommended PA guidelines during the first year postpartum. METHODS: Participants were white (n = 85) and African American (n = 49) women (18-43 years), who gave birth to a singleton at ≥37 weeks gestation. At 6-8 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postpartum, PA was measured by a hip worn accelerometer. Participants wore the accelerometer for at least 5 days and were told to maintain their normal daily routine. Data was analyzed to determine time spent in sedentary bouts, LPA, and MVPA. Mean daily MVPA was used to determine if participants met the guidelines of 150 minutes of MVPA per week. RESULTS: Daily average sedentary, LPA, and MVPA time are included in the table below (means and standard deviations). The percentage of women who did not meet recommended guidelines at each timepoint are as follows: 18.8% at 6-8 weeks, 12.4% at 4 months, 6.9% at 6 months, 6.7% at 9 months, and 5.2% at 12 months. For African American women, 32.7% at 6-8 weeks, 25.0% at 4 months, 7.4% at 6 months, 17.7% at 9 months, and 17.7% at 12 months did not meet the recommendations. For white women at the same timepoints, 10.7%, 6.4%, 6.7%, 3.5%, and 1.7% (respectively) did not meet recommended guidelines. CONCLUSION: During the first year postpartum, sedentary time appeared higher at 6-8 weeks than later timepoints. Time in LPA was higher at 9 and 12 months than earlier timepoints. Time in MVPA showed an increasing trend across the timepoints. There was a higher percentage of African American than white women not meeting the guidelines at each timepoint.Supported by: NIH Grant R21MD012740

Association Between Self-Recorded Heart Rate Variability Profiles And Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity In Young Healthy Adults

Mobile devices facilitate daily heart rate variability (HRV) tracking and serve as a potential behavior modification tool for cardiovascular health. It is currently unclear whether serial self-recorded HRV measures are influenced by physical activity (PA) levels. PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between self-recorded HRV profiles and actigraphy-derived PA levels in young, apparently healthy adults. METHODS: Men (n = 21, 24.4 ± 4.9 years) and women (n = 20, 21.4 ± 2.7 years) self-recorded post-waking HRV for 60 s in supine and standing positions using a heart rate chest strap and mobile application over one week. The week average of the natural logarithm of the root-mean square of successive R-R interval differences (LnRMSSDavg, a vagal HRV index) and the coefficient of variation (LnRMSSDcv, a marker of day-to-day fluctuation) were assessed. Throughout the observation period, subjects wore a validated wrist-based activity monitor to determine average sedentary time; light, moderate, moderate-vigorous (MV), and vigorous (V) PA; and total steps. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) was obtained via a maximal cycle ergometer test post-observation. RESULTS: In men, no associations were observed between any HRV and PA variables (P > 0.05). In women, sedentary time (606 ± 108 min) was associated (r = 0.59) with supine LnRMSSDcv (9.8 ± 5.2%), MVPA (259 ± 74 min) was associated with standing (13.0 ± 4.4%) and supine LnRMSSDcv (r = -0.45 and -0.51, respectively), VPA (152 ± 54 min) was associated with supine LnRMSSDcv (r = -0.53), and total step count (13,209 ± 2,560) was associated (r = 0.45) with supine LnRMSSDavg (4.1 ± 0.5) (all P < 0.05). VO2max was associated with the same PA variables in women (P < 0.05), but none of the PA variables in men (P > 0.05). After adjusting for VO2max (28.1 ± 5.9 mL·kg·min-1), all associations between HRV and PA variables in women became non-significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations between self-recorded HRV profiles and actigraphy-derived PA levels that were only observed in women appear to be explained by fitness. Thus, PA tailored to the enhancement of aerobic capacity will likely yield the greatest HRV improvements, reflected in higher average values with less day-to-day fluctuation. Supported by Georgia Southern University Faculty Research Committee Seed Funding Award.

The effect of sedentary time on the results of exercise therapy in patients with peripheral arterial disease complicated with type 2 diabetes.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common chronic complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study sought to evaluate the effect of supervised exercise therapy (SET) on patients with PAD complicated with T2DM, and to assess the effect of changes in sedentary time on the results of SET treatment. A total of 100 PAD patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to October 2020 were included, and the age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, smoking, and ankle brachial index (ABI) were collected. The patients were required to complete SET treatment 2-3 times a week for 12 weeks. Subsequently, the objective 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to assess body function. After adjusting for other key confounding variables such as age, gender, and smoking status, linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of changes in sedentary time on the total distance of the 6MWT. After 12 weeks of treatment, the total SPPB score of the patients increased from a baseline of 9.3±2.7 to 10.1±2.3 (P=0.025), the normal walking distance in the 6MWT increased from 108.9±26.8 to 148.9±29.5 m (P<0.001), the total walking distance increased from 322.5±93.4 to 348.5±86.1 m (P=0.042), and at the same time, the metabolic equivalent on the treadmill increased from 2.6±0.7 to 3.9±1.4 (P<0.001). Compared with the baseline data, the proportion of time that patients spent engaged in mild physical activity at 6 weeks increased by 20%±10% (P=0.003), and the average daily sedentary time decreased by 6.5±2.8 minutes (P=0.008), or by 3.1%±2.1% (P=0.04). Furthermore, compared with the baseline, the proportion of time that patients spent engaged in light and moderate physical activity at 12 weeks increased by 10%±3% (P=0.007) and 20%±10% (P=0.006), respectively, while the average sedentary time per day reduced by 6.8±3.1 minutes (P=0.03), or by 3.6%±1.8% (P=0.005). The reduction of sedentary time can significantly improve the effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with PAD complicated by T2DM, and compared with patients with PAD alone, the improvement in patients complicated with T2DM is more significant.

Spatiotemporal variations in ischemic heart disease mortality and related risk factors in China between 2010 and 2015: a multilevel analysis

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between geographical differences of mortality and related risk factors in ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China.MethodsData were collected from the nationally representative China Mortality Surveillance System to calculate annual IHD mortality counts (2010–2015). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the IHD mortality among Chinese population from 2010 to 2015. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate potential spatiotemporal variation and correlations with age, gender, urbanization, and region.ResultsThe overall IHD mortality was 221.17/100,000, accounting for 1.51 million deaths in 2015. The standardized IHD mortality rate increased by 5.51% from 2010 to 2015 among people aged 40 years and older. Multilevel analysis indicated significant differences in gender, regions, and age. High urbanization rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.728, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (0.631, 0.840)) and average high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (RR = 0.741, 95%CI: 0.616,0.891) were negatively associated with IHD mortality. IHD mortality was significantly higher in populations with a low rate of medical insurance coverage (RR = 1.218, 95%CI: 1.007, 1.473), as well as the average body mass index (BMI) (RR = 1.436, 95%CI: 1.135, 1.817) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (RR = 1.310, 95%CI: 1.019, 1.684). While the relationship with current smoking rate, excessive intake of red meat, insufficient vegetable or fruits intake didn’t show the statistical significance. The negative correlation between the average sedentary time and IHD mortality was not conclusive due to the possible deviation of the data.ConclusionsThe mortality of IHD showed an upward trend for people aged 40 years and older in China during 2010–2015, which should be paid attention to. Therefore, some risk factors should be controlled, such as SBP, overweight/obesity. HDL is a protective factor, as well as higher urbanization rate, family income level, and medical insurance coverage.

Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Wellbeing of Population During COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Background and Objective: The current COVID-19 situation has restrained the movement of individuals along with instilling fear in them. COVIDThis study assesses the level of physical activity, screen time and emotional status of the individuals during the current COVID-19 situation in the population of Pakistan. Methods: The study was carried out in May 2020. The sample size was 385 and the snowball sampling technique was employed. The data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire and included subjects from all provinces of Pakistan. The form comprised of four parts including socio-demographic details, self-reported screen time as well as SPANE and IPAQ-short form questionnaires. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 385 individuals, 89.6% reported inadequate physical activity. Among these, the majority comprised of females (92.3% vs. 80% in males). It was determined that there were higher positive affective scores in males (28.6 ± 8.1) compared to those in females (27.5 ± 7.7). The average sedentary screen time was 7.24 ± 3.76 hours that was maximally reported in the younger age group (19 years and lesser). Moreover, a downward trend of negative affective scores, from vigorous to light physical activity level, was noted.

Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Wellbeing of Population During COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;The current COVID-19 situation has restrained the movement of individuals along with instilling fear in them. COVIDThis study assesses the level of physical activity, screen time and emotional status of the individuals during the current COVID-19 situation in the population of Pakistan.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;The study was carried out in May 2020. The sample size was 385 and the snowball sampling technique was employed. The data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire and included subjects from all provinces of Pakistan. The form comprised of four parts including socio-demographic details, self-reported screen time as well as SPANE and IPAQ-short form questionnaires. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;Out of 385 individuals, 89.6% reported inadequate physical activity. Among these, the majority comprised of females (92.3% vs. 80% in males). It was determined that there were higher positive affective scores in males (28.6 &amp;plusmn; 8.1) compared to those in females (27.5 &amp;plusmn; 7.7). The average sedentary screen time was 7.24 &amp;plusmn; 3.76 hours that was maximally reported in the younger age group (19 years and lesser). Moreover, a downward trend of negative affective scores, from vigorous to light physical activity level, was noted.&lt;/p&gt;

Using mixed-method feasibility studies to examine the impact of a mobile standing desk on undergraduates’ sedentary time

Objectives To understand experiences with and measure the effect of mobile standing desks (MSD) on undergraduates’ sedentary time (ST). Participants Two samples of full-time undergraduates in Fall 2018. Methods Study 1 (n = 21): baseline average daily ST was measured via activPAL4TM inclinometers and the NIGHTLY-WEEK-U questionnaire for 7 days. Participants received a MSD for one week then intervention ST was calculated. Study 2 (n = 28): baseline ST was measured with an online NIGHTLY-WEEK-U questionnaire, participants received a MSD for one month, then intervention ST was calculated. Paired-sample t-tests assessed differences. Interviews/online questions explored experiences. Results Study 1: objectively measured (p = .0045, d = .71) and self-report (p = .0005, d = .92) ST reduced significantly post-intervention. Study 2: ST reduced significantly post-intervention (p = < .0001, d = .98). Facilitators and barriers to desk usage were described. Conclusions MSD were effective for reducing undergraduates’ ST across one-week and one-month.

Acelerómetros y cuestionarios en el estudio de actividad física y la conducta sedentaria

Problem: It is important to know the levels of physical activity and sedentary time of people to be able to perform interventions in order to improve lifestyles. Therefore, it is interesting to compare how the physical activity, mass-used and low-cost questionnaires perform, with the accelerometers that provide objective measurements.Objective: to compare physical activity and sedentary time in a group of adults measured by accelerometry and estimated through what was reported in a self-reported physical activity questionnaire. Methods: 12 men and 17 women, mean age of 34.14 years (9.46DS). Accelerometry: each subject carried, at the level of the right hip and secured with a belt, a CSA 7164 uniaxial accelerometer for a week and completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), proposed by the World Health Organization. Results: the t-test of related samples was used showing that there are significant differences between the average sedentary time measured with the accelerometer and with the questionnaire, (p = 0.00). The Wilcoxon test compared the physical activity measured with the accelerometer and with the questionnaire that showed significant differences (p = 0.009). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.45) in time (p = 0.014) could be observed, meaning that both devices register it with the same trend. Conclusion: Care must be taken when interpreting the results of physical activity questionnaires since in general they may present significantly different values ​​than those reported by objective methods. It is necessary to improve the questionnaires, or their interpretation.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on activity patterns and weight status among youths in China: the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS).

Lockdown measures including school closures due to COVID-19 may affect youths’ activity patterns and obesity status. This will be for the first time examined in China in this study on the basis of a large national sample from the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS). Through an online questionnaire, 10,082 participants from high schools, colleges, and graduate schools, aged 19.8 ± 2.3 years, voluntarily reported their lifestyles and weight status before (January 2020) and after lockdown (April–May 2020). The significance of these changes was assessed between sexes and across education levels. We found that the youths’ average body mass index significantly increased from 21.8 to 22.1 kg/m2, with the prevalences of overweight/obesity and obesity increasing from 21.4% to 24.6% and from 10.5% to 12.6%, respectively. Also, significant decreases were seen in the frequency of engaging in active transport, moderate-/vigorous-intensity housework, leisure-time moderate-/vigorous-intensity physical activity, and leisure-time walking, while significant increases were observed in the average sedentary time during workdays and weekends, the average sleeping time during workdays and weekends, and screen time. Our findings would serve as important evidence for shaping global strategies to counteract or reverse the lockdown effects on youths’ obesity.

Behavioural, physical, and psychological predictors of cortisol and C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal study

BackgroundBreast cancer survivors (BCS) can exhibit a dysregulation of cortisol and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels post-treatment, which increase the risk of diverse health outcomes. Certain behavioural, physical, and psychological variables may help to predict cortisol and CRP levels post-treatment. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe naturally occurring changes in absolute diurnal cortisol and CRP levels over a period of 1.5 years post-treatment among BCS, (2) assess if absolute diurnal cortisol and CRP levels change in tandem, and (3) assess behavioural, physical, and psychological variables as predictors of absolute diurnal cortisol levels and CRP levels. MethodsCapillary blood and saliva samples were collected from 201 BCS, on average, 3.5 months post-treatment (T1) and again 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later (T2−T5). At each time point, five saliva samples were collected on two nonconsecutive days: at awakening, 30 ​min after awakening, 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and at bedtime. At each time point, participants also completed self-report questionnaires and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. ResultsAbsolute diurnal cortisol levels did not change significantly over time. CRP levels decreased across time points (Blinear ​= ​−0.31, p ​= ​.01), though the rate of decrease slowed over time (Bquadratic ​= ​0.05, p ​= ​.03). Generally, greater sedentary time predicted higher overall absolute diurnal cortisol levels (B ​< ​0.01, p ​= ​.01); whereas higher physical activity (B ​= ​−0.004, p ​< ​.01), lower body mass index (B ​= ​0.10, p ​< ​.01), and lower health- and cancer-related stress (B ​= ​0.24, p ​= ​.04) predicted lower overall CRP levels. Also, lower absolute diurnal cortisol levels were evident when participants engaged in more sedentary time, as compared to their own average sedentary time (B ​= ​−0.01, p ​< ​.01). ConclusionsResults offer insight into the nature of change in diurnal cortisol and CRP levels among BCS from treatment completion onwards and offer clinical implications. Helping BCS manage their weight, reduce stress, increase physical activity participation, and decrease sedentary time as soon as possible after treatment may help to reduce physiological dysregulations, thereby lowering the risk of adverse health outcomes in this population. Further research investigating specific intervention parameters such as type, context, frequency, and intensity are warranted for the development of the most optimal interventions.