Average Sedentary Time Research Articles

Global Prevalence of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep of Immigrant Children: a Systematic Review.

Although insufficient physical activity (PA), high sedentary behaviour (SB), and inadequate sleep are fairly common among children, little is known about these behaviours inimmigrant children. This systematic review examined the prevalence of PA, SB, and sleep among immigrant children aged 5-17years around the globe. Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve the English language peer-reviewed original articles published between 2000 and 2019. Cross-sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies that reported on the prevalence of PA, SB, or sleep-related outcomes among immigrant children were included. Of 2724 retrieved articles, 55 were selected for full-text screening and 12 met the eligibility criteria. Five studies were based on nationally representative samples. Over half (n = 7; 58%) of the studies assessed only PA, one reported only sleep, three reported both PA and SB, and one reported all three behaviours. Only onestudy used device-based measure. Assessment of PA and SB varied greatly across the studies with their differing definitions. The prevalence of doing PA ranged from 48 to 72%. Three studies reported an average sedentary time ranging from 1 to 3h/day. One study reported that 10-13% of immigrant children in the USA had inadequate sleep. All of the studies reviewed were from Western countries with no study from non-Western countries. Future studies should include all three movement behaviours and use standard assessment tools and definitions. Future research should extend beyond Western countries to non-Western countries with immigrant children.

Accelerometer based assessment of daily physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

BackgroundStudies have shown a positive correlation between higher physical activity (PA) and health benefits. However, device-based assessment of PA and sedentary time (ST) in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has not been deeply investigated.ObjectiveAnalysis and comparison of weekend and weekdays PA and ST using multiple accelerometers in people with AIS with different curvature severity compared to healthy controls.Methods24 participants with AIS divided into 2 groups of 12 with Cobb angles < 40° and > 40°, along with 12 age and BMI matched healthy controls. Daily PA and ST during four consecutive days were measured using four tri-axial accelerometers. Clinical functional assessment was performed using the scoliosis research society (SRS-22) questionnaire.ResultsThe combined weekend and weekdays average daily step count was found to be 22% and 29% lower in the AIS groups with Cobb angle < 40° and > 40°, respectively, compared to the controls. The average ST was also reported to be 5% and 7% higher in the AIS groups with Cobb angle < 40° and > 40°, respectively, compared to the controls. The reported differences were significant in the AIS group with higher Cobb angle (p≤0.05). No significant differences in PA or ST were reported between the AIS groups based on curvature severity.ConclusionsDecreased PA and increased ST observed in patients with AIS may have long term health implications and may play a role in the disease process. The device-based assessment of PA to understand potential benefits in clinical practice is recommended.

Associations Between Daily Steps And Prolonged Sitting And Suicidal Ideation In Depressed Adults

Suicide is a national public health concern with rates increasing 33% between 1999 and 2017. Suicidal ideation (SI) or thinking of or planning suicide, typically precedes suicide attempts. Thus, recognizing risk factors for SI in populations that are at suicide risk, such as those with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is key for prevention. Low physical activity (PA) and high sedentary time (ST) are associated with SI in the general population, though research has not explored these in MDD. PURPOSE: This study examined whether PA and prolonged sitting in adults with MDD are associated with SI severity. METHODS: SI over the past month was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview in 47 adults (72% female) with MDD, with SI scored as None (n=16), Low (n=14), Moderate (n=4) or High (n=13). Thigh-worn accelerometers assessed PA and ST continuously for 7 days. A multinomial logistic regression analysis compared differences in average steps per day and daily average prolonged ST, defined as ST in bouts of >60 minutes, among SI severity groups. RESULTS: The logistic regression demonstrated no significant difference in either behavior among groups (p>0.05). There were medium effect sizes for prolonged ST between None and High (Hedges’ g=0.57) and between None and Low/Moderate (g=0.77). For steps per day, small effect sizes were found between None and High (g=0.29) and None and Low/Moderate (g=0.42). CONCLUSION: Although non-significant, the medium effects suggest promoting decreases in prolonged ST may aid in suicide prevention in adults with MDD, in conjunction with other efforts. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples will be key for understanding the utility of reducing prolonged ST to combat suicidal ideation and attempts.

Association of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2017.

BackgroundSedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated this association of sedentary time and physical activity with increased 10-year CVD risk in Korean adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017). In total, 14,551 participants aged 30–74 years (6,323 men, 8,228 women) were analyzed. The usual length of sedentary time per day was categorized into three groups (<6, 6–<9, or ≥9 h/d), and physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]∙min/wk) was categorized into two groups (low, <600 METs∙min/wk; moderate/high, ≥600 METs∙min/wk). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sedentary time and increased CVD risk (predicted 10-year risk ≥10%). Adjusted variables were age, sex, body mass index, marital status, employment, household income, alcohol use, family history of CVD, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia).ResultsThe average sedentary time for the 14,551 participants was 7.49 h/d, with an average 10-year CVD risk of 9.58%. There was no significant association between sedentary time and increased 10-year CVD risk in the moderate/ high physical activity group. In the low physical activity group, sedentary time ≥9 h/d had a significant association with increased CVD risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.62). However, when the sedentary time was <6 h/d, no significant associations were found (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92–1.49).ConclusionIn the low physical activity group, reduction of sedentary time might be important for preventing increased CVD risk.

Weight Status and Sedentary Behavior of Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to characterize the weight status, sedentary behavior, and physical activity of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: In 2014, we surveyed caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease from the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry (N = 47) about their personal health behaviors. Additionally, a subset of individuals (N = 14) wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Results: Caregivers (N = 47) were mostly overweight or obese (85%) and self-reported a daily average sedentary time of 246.5 ± 203.0 minutes and 455.8 ± 291.4 minutes, as measured by 2 questionnaires. Objective measures indicated that persons spent an average of 769.4 ± 167.6 minutes per day (77.8% of their waking day) engaged in sedentary behavior. Conclusion: Given the negative health outcomes associated with both obesity and sedentary behavior, this is a vulnerable population that likely would benefit from interventions focused on weight management and reducing sedentary behavior.

Association of BMI category with change in children\u2019s physical activity between ages 6 and 11 years: a longitudinal study

Background/objectivesTo examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with change in children’s physical activity and sedentary time between ages 6 and 11.ParticipantsA total of 2132 children participated from 57 schools in Southwest England, from the B-PROACT1V study.MethodsMean minutes of MVPA and sedentary time per day were derived from accelerometer-based measurements at ages 6, 9 and 11. Linear multilevel models examined the association of BMI categories with MVPA and sedentary time between 6 and 11, adjusting for seasonality, wear time, gender and household education. Differences in change over time were examined using interaction terms.ResultsAverage weekday MVPA decreased between ages 6 and 11 by 2.2 min/day/year (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.5), with a steeper decline at weekends. Average sedentary time increased at a rate of 12.9 min/day/year (95% CI: 12.2 to 13.6). There were no differences in mean levels of MVPA by BMI categories at age 6, but differences emerged as children aged, with the gap between children who were healthy weight and overweight increasing by 1.7 min/day (95% CI: 0.8–2.6) every year, and between healthy and obese by 2.0 min/day (95% CI: 0.9–3.1) each year. Children who were overweight/obese engaged in less average weekday sedentary time at age 6 than those of healthy weight, but the gap closed by age 11.ConclusionMVPA declines and sedentary time increases on average for all children between ages 6 and 11. While there are no differences in activity levels by BMI category at age 6, differences in MVPA emerge over time for those who are overweight and obese. Developing interventions that support children to retain activity levels as they approach older childhood, particularly those who are overweight/obese could improve public health.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Patterns in 326 Persons with COPD before Starting a Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Cluster Analysis.

This study applies a cluster analysis to identify typical physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before starting pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). We implemented an observational design which assessed baseline data of objectively measured PA and SB from the STAR (Stay Active after Rehabilitation) study. A total of 355 persons wore an accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X) for seven days before the start of their PR. Sociodemographic and disease-related parameters were assessed at the start of PR. We applied cluster analysis and compared clusters applying univariate variance analyses. Data was available for 326 persons (31.6% women; age ø = 58 years). Cluster analysis revealed four movement clusters with distinct PA and SB patterns: Sedentary non-movers (28.5%), sedentary occasional movers (41.7%), sedentary movers (19.6%), and sedentary exercisers (10.1%). The four clusters displayed varying levels of moderate PA before rehabilitation (Ø daily min: 9; 28; 38; 70). Notably, all four clusters displayed considerably long average sedentary time per day (Ø daily minutes: 644; 561; 490; 446). The clusters differed significantly in disease-related parameters of GOLD severity, FEV1, CAT, and 6-Min-Walk-Test. In addition to PA promotion, PR programs should consider the reduction of sedentary behaviour as a valuable goal.

Effects of Sedentary Behaviors on Stress and Suicidal Ideation: Occupation-Based Differences

Background: The study of examining the effects of sedentary behavior on stress level and suicidal ideation is crucial, but existing research on the topic is insufficient. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of sedentary behaviors, with respect to the occupation type on stress and suicidal ideation among Korean adults. Methods: This descriptive correlational study used raw data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), conducted in 2015. The survey sampled 7,380 adults, of whom 3,714 were included in this analysis. Sedentary time, stress level, and suicidal ideation were measured. The data were analyzed using a homogeneity test, and logistic regression. Results: As sedentary time increased, stress (OR=1.036; p=0.001) and suicidal ideation (OR= 1.065; p=0.006) also increased significantly, irrespective of the gender, age, household income, education level, job, and marital status. Regarding occupation, stress level increased significantly with an increase in sedentary time for managers; professionals and related workers; clerks; and craft, equipment, machine-operating, and assembly-line workers, while skilled agriculture, forestry, and fishery workers experienced less stress. A significant increase in suicidal ideation was observed in craft, equipment, machine-operating, and assembly-line workers as their time spent on sitting increased. Conclusion: This study found a significant association between average sedentary time, and stress and suicidal ideation. There is a need for interventional programs that can reduce sedentary behaviors for preventing mental health problems.

Estimated Physical Activity in Adolescents by Wrist-Worn GENEActiv Accelerometers.

Reports of physical activity (PA) measured via wrist-worn accelerometers in adolescents are limited. This study describes PA levels in adolescents at baseline of an obesity prevention and weight management trial. Adolescents (n = 930) at 8 high schools wore an accelerometer for 7 days, with average acceleration values of <50mg, >150mg, and >500mg categorized as sedentary, moderate, and vigorous PA, respectively. In a 3-level mixed-effects generalized linear model, PA was regressed on sex, weight status, and day of week. Daily PA was nested within students, and students within schools, with random effects included for both. Adolescents accumulated a median of 40 minutes daily of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). MVPA was significantly different for teens with obesity versus teens with normal weight (-5.4min/d, P = .03); boys versus girls (16.3min/d, P < .001); and Sundays versus midweek (-16.6min/d, P < .001). Average sedentary time increased on weekends (Saturday: 19.1min/d, P < .001; Sunday: 44.8min, P < .001) relative to midweek but did not differ by sex or weight status. Interventions to increase PA in adolescents may benefit from focusing on increasing weekend PA and increasing MVPA in girls.

An observational study of self-reported sedentary behaviour in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis

BackgroundFew studies have examined sedentary behaviour in chronic respiratory disease. The limited evidence suggests that increased levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with increased mortality. ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the level of self-reported sedentary behaviour in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis as well as to identify associations between sedentary time with functional performance measures and health-related quality of life in the chronic respiratory disease group. MethodsAn observational study design was used. Participants completed the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire from which average sedentary time (hours/day) was determined. Functional performance was measured using the six-minute walk test, the four-metre gait speed test and the five sit-to-stand test. Health-related quality of life was measured using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Sedentary time was compared between groups using an unpaired t-test. Univariate analysis explored relationships amongst variables. ResultsThe convenience sample consisted of 103 people with COPD [52% male; mean±SD age: 73±9 years, FEV1% predicted: 56±23] and 33 people with bronchiectasis [52% male; 74±8 years, FEV1% predicted: 69±25]. Average self-reported sedentary time in COPD was 7.6±2.7 hours/day and in bronchiectasis was 8.0±4.1 hours/day, with no between-group difference (−0.4, 95% CI −1.7, 0.8). No associations were found between sedentary time and any functional performance outcome or with health-related quality of life. ConclusionThere was no difference in the high sedentary time between people with COPD and bronchiectasis. Sedentary behaviour was not associated with functional performance or disease-related health-related quality of life in people with chronic respiratory disease.

PL - 024 The characteristics for the primary school students’ physical activity

Objective This thesis provides a theoretical basis for improving children’s physical activity levels and promoting the healthy development of primary school children.&#x0D; Methods Measuring the height, shape index of children which are in 3-5 grades of primary school in Nanjing and taking the BMI cut-off point of the Cole as the object of this study BMI evaluation criteria. Applying the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer to measure the physical activity of children in seven consecutive days which includes five school days and two weekend days. By counting the physical activity in a 60s interval, children’s physical activity can be evaluated. Besides, using 100cm as the cut-off point, the number of students’ sedentary breaks can be calculated. And the relationship between the results and students’ BMI characteristics can be discussed.&#x0D; Results (1) For the male students, the average sedentary breaks, LPA and MVPA time is 849.47min, 297.01min and 37.99 min respectively. And for the female students, the sedentary breaks, LPA and MVPA time is 874.12min, 272.33min, and 32.55min respectively. The male students’ MVPA time is significant higher than the female students (P&lt;0.05), but for both of them, the MVPA time cannot achieve the international children’s physical activity daily recommended amount which is 60min. Besides, there is no difference between different grades(P&gt;0.05). (2) Students’ daily MVPA time was significantly higher than the weekend MVPA time (P &lt;0.05). Male students’ MVPA time in the school days is higher than the MVPA time in the weekend(P&lt;0.01). For the children in different body shape, the MVPA time in the school days is higher than that in the weekend(P&lt;0.05). In the school days, the male students’ MVPA time is significant higher than that of female. (P&lt;0.05). In the weekend, the normal group’s MVPA time is much higher than that of overweight and obese groups(P&lt;0.05).(3) The sedentary breaks of normal group is less than that of overweight and obese groups(P&lt;0.05). There is no significant difference between different gender, grades and BMI(P&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions （1）Male students’ MVPA time is higher than the female students.（2）The MVPA time in the school days is much higher than in the weekend. In terms of the sedentary breaks, there is no difference between different gender, grade and body shape.（3）Students with more sedentary breaks get lower BMI,and the change of LPA will be the primary cause of MVPA changing.

Study on prevalence of physical activity in rural residents in four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of physical activity and its influencing factors in rural residents in Shanxi and Chongqing. Methods: In four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing, local residents aged ≥18 who lived there for more than one year and had no plan to migrate to other areas in 2 years were surveyed through face to face questionnaire interviews to collect the information about their daily physical activity time, sedentary time, related knowledge and attitude, and others. Results: The physical inactivity rate of the residents was 14.9%, and 88.7% of residents never took daily physical activity. The average sedentary time was (3.91±2.06) hours. The results of multivariate analysis showed that education level, per capita monthly income and activity degree were the factors influencing physical inactivity. Conclusion: The proportion of people who never took daily physical activity in the survey area was higher than the average level in rural areas in China, so measures should be taken to improve the overall rate of physical activity. For people who have exercise willingness, but have no practice, and those who have already increased their physical activities, targeted guidance is needed on the basis of strengthened health education.

Systematic comparative validation of self-report measures of sedentary time against an objective measure of postural sitting (activPAL)

BackgroundSedentary behaviour is a public health concern that requires surveillance and epidemiological research. For such large scale studies, self-report tools are a pragmatic measurement solution. A large number of self-report tools are currently in use, but few have been validated against an objective measure of sedentary time and there is no comparative information between tools to guide choice or to enable comparison between studies. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic comparison, generalisable to all tools, of the validity of self-report measures of sedentary time against a gold standard sedentary time objective monitor.MethodsCross sectional data from three cohorts (N = 700) were used in this validation study. Eighteen self-report measures of sedentary time, based on the TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools (TASST) framework, were compared against an objective measure of postural sitting (activPAL) to provide information, generalizable to all existing tools, on agreement and precision using Bland-Altman statistics, on criterion validity using Pearson correlation, and on data loss.ResultsAll self-report measures showed poor accuracy compared with the objective measure of sedentary time, with very wide limits of agreement and poor precision (random error > 2.5 h). Most tools under-reported total sedentary time and demonstrated low correlations with objective data. The type of assessment used by the tool, whether direct, proxy, or a composite measure, influenced the measurement characteristics. Proxy measures (TV time) and single item direct measures using a visual analogue scale to assess the proportion of the day spent sitting, showed the best combination of precision and data loss. The recall period (e.g. previous week) had little influence on measurement characteristics.ConclusionSelf-report measures of sedentary time result in large bias, poor precision and low correlation with an objective measure of sedentary time. Choice of tool depends on the research context, design and question. Choice can be guided by this systematic comparative validation and, in the case of population surveillance, it recommends to use a visual analog scale and a 7 day recall period. Comparison between studies and improving population estimates of average sedentary time, is possible with the comparative correction factors provided.

Reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ).

To develop a questionnaire able to assess time spent by youth in a wide range of leisure-time sedentary behaviors (SB) and evaluate its test-retest reliability and criterion validity. Cross-sectional observational. The reliability sample included 194 youth, aged 10-18 years, who completed the questionnaire twice, separated by one-week interval. The validity study comprised 1207 participants aged 8-18 years. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. The questionnaire was designed to assess the amount of time spent in twelve different SB during weekdays and weekends, separately. In order to avoid usual phenomenon of time over reporting, values were adjusted to real available leisure-time (LT) for each participant. Reliability was assessed by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and weighted (quadratic) kappa (k), and validity was assessed by using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. The reliability of questionnaire showed a moderate-to-substantial agreement for the most (91%) of items (k=0.43-0.74; ICC=0.41-0.79) with three items (4%) reaching an almost perfect agreement (ICC=0.82-0.83). Only 'sitting and talking' evidenced fair-to-moderate reliability (k=0.27-0.39; ICC=0.34-0.46). The relationship between average sedentary time assessed by the questionnaire and accelerometry was moderate (r=0.36; p<0.001). Systematic biases were not found between questionnaire and accelerometer sedentary time for average day (r=0.05; p=0.11) but Bland-Altman plots suggest moderate discrepancies between both methods of SB measurement (mean=19.86; limits of agreement=-280.04 to 319.76). The questionnaire showed moderate to good test-retest reliability and a moderate level of validity for assessing SB in youth, similar or slightly better to previously published in this population.

A prospective study examining the influence of cardiac rehabilitation on the sedentary time of highly sedentary, physically inactive patients

ObjectivesProlonged sedentary time is recognized as a distinct health risk, and mortality risks are expected to be greatest for individuals with low exercise levels. It is unknown whether participation in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs influences sedentary behaviour particularly among those patients expected to be at greatest mortality risk. This study examined the influence of CR participation on sedentary behaviour and identified the proportion and characteristics (socio-demographic and clinical) of patients who do not meet exercise recommendations and have prolonged sedentary times. MethodsA prospective study was conducted among patients of an exercise-based CR program and assessments performed at baseline and 3 months. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour information were collected by self-report, and convergent validity was examined on an accelerometer-wearing subsample. ResultsOf 468 CR patients approached, 130 participants were recruited with an average sedentary time of 8hours/day. Sedentary behaviour remained consistent at follow-up (relative change= −2.4%, P=0.07) notwithstanding a greater proportion meeting exercise recommendations (relative change= 57.4%). 19.2% of participants were classified to have prolonged sedentary time and not meet exercise recommendations at baseline. No significant differences were found between the characteristics of high-risk individuals and lower risk subgroups. Findings were consistent among the accelerometer-derived subgroup and the overall sample despite poor to moderate convergent validity. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the exercise-focus of CR may not reduce sedentary behaviours. Future studies are needed to determine whether sedentary behaviour-specific reduction strategies are more effective than traditional exercise-based strategies and lead to meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes.

Sedentary Behavior among National Elite Rowers during Off-Training-A Pilot Study.

The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the off-training physical activity (PA) profile in national elite German U23 rowers during 31 days of their preparation period. The hours spent in each PA category (i.e., sedentary: <1.5 metabolic equivalents (MET); light physical activity: 1.5–3 MET; moderate physical activity: 3–6 MET and vigorous intense physical activity: >6 MET) were calculated for every valid day (i.e., >480 min of wear time). The off-training PA during 21 weekdays and 10 weekend days of the final 11-week preparation period was assessed by the wrist-worn multisensory device Microsoft Band II (MSBII). A total of 11 rowers provided valid data (i.e., >480 min/day) for 11.6 week days and 4.8 weekend days during the 31 days observation period. The average sedentary time was 11.63 ± 1.25 h per day during the week and 12.49 ± 1.10 h per day on the weekend, with a tendency to be higher on the weekend compared to weekdays (p = 0.06; d = 0.73). The average time in light, moderate and vigorous PA during the weekdays was 1.27 ± 1.15, 0.76 ± 0.37, 0.51 ± 0.44 h per day, and 0.67 ± 0.43, 0.59 ± 0.37, 0.53 ± 0.32 h per weekend day. Light physical activity was higher during weekdays compared to the weekend (p = 0.04; d = 0.69). Based on our pilot study of 11 national elite rowers we conclude that rowers display a considerable sedentary off-training behavior of more than 11.5 h/day.

The Associations Between Urbanicity and Physical Activity and Sitting Time in Mexico

Approximately 17.4% of people in Mexico self-report physical activity levels below the World Health Organization's guidelines and an average sedentary time of 16 hours per day.1 Low physical activity has been associated with noncommunicable disease risk factors and previous research suggests that urbanicity might be an important determinant of physical activity. The aim of this study was to measure urbanicity in Mexico and assess if it is associated with physical activity and sitting time. A sample of 2880 men and 4211 women aged 20 to 69 was taken from the 2012 Mexico National Health and Nutrition Survey and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between physical activity, sitting time and urbanicity; adjusting for sex, education level, socioeconomic status and Body Mass Index. The urbanicity score and the 7 urbanicity subscores were estimated from the CENSUS 2010. The subscores of demographic, economic activity, diversity and communication were negatively associated with physical activity. Sitting time was positively associated with the overall urbanicity, and the demographic and health subscores. There was evidence of associations between urbanicity and physical activity in Mexico.

Investigation Of Physical Activity Levels Of 3-5 Year-old Children In Guangzhou, China

PURPOSE: Physical activity levels in the childhood may affect their growth and influence the health of their adulthood. The purpose of this study was to document the physical activity levels of 3 to 5 years-old children in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: The participants were 3 to 5 years old children from five Kindergartens in Guangzhou, China. Two hundred forty children were divided into three age groups with 40 boys and to 40 girls in each age group. Their daily physical activity levels were recorded by means of a WGT3X-BT motion logger which was attached to the right ankle. The recording period was 7 days and the average sedentary time (ST) data were recorded with an interval of 60s. A 2(gender)x3(age) ANOVA was performed (p<.05) to determine the differences between gender and age groups and the Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the ST among three age groups, nor the physical activity intensity difference between the boys and girls. However, the girls had significantly longer weekday ST (435.61min/day) than the boys (397.79min/day) did, and had significantly longer weekend ST (422.60 min/day) than the boys (367.45 min/day) did as well. CONCLUSIONS: These 3-5 years-old children had lower physical activity levels and the girls had worse physical activity level than the boys did. In general, 84.98% of these children did not reach the international required physical activity level and more physical activities are recommended for the 3-5 years-old children in Guangzhou, China.

The Association between Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, and Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome

Physical inactivity and poor sleep quality have been shown to increase the risk for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and older adults. High levels of sedentary time, independent of physical activity (PA) amount, has also shown a relationship. Whether these relationships manifest at an earlier age has not been well explored. PURPOSE: To determine the independent effects of sedentary time, sleep quality, and physical activity (PA) on risk factors for MetS in young adults. METHODS: 40 young adults (age 20.2±1.7; BMI 21.2±2.6) underwent waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) measurements. Fasted blood glucose, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triglycerides (TG) were also assessed (Cardiochek Portable Blood Test System). Objective PA and sleep were measured for 7 days with an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Pearson correlations examined the relationship between sedentary (number of sedentary bouts, time in sedentary bouts, number of sedentary breaks, time per sedentary break, and daily average sedentary time), sleep quality (sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, time in bed, sleep time, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and time per awakening), and PA (energy expenditure, step counts, and time spent in light, moderate, moderate-vigorous, vigorous, and very vigorous PA intensities) variables with MetS risk factors (WC, BP, LDL, HDL, TG). Stepwise linear regression was used to determine the best predictors for each MetS risk factor. RESULTS: Time per sedentary bout (TSB), time per awakening (TA), step counts (SC), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined to have the strongest correlation with MetS variables. SC and TSB were significant predictors of WC (R2= .41; p<0.01). TA was a significant predictor of systolic BP (R2 = 0.49; p<0.01) and total MetS risk factors (R2= 0.28; p=.002). SC was the only significant predictor of HDL (R2=0.13; p=0.025). CONCLUSION: Sedentary time, PA, and sleep quality are predictive of risk factors for MetS in young adults. Therefore, interventions to decrease sedentary time as well as improve PA and sleep quality should be implemented at younger ages as well as older.

Abstract P160: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Objective Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Obesity: The CARDIA Study

Higher sedentary time (ST) and lower moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) have been independently associated with obesity, but most available studies are cross-sectional and measure ST and MVPA by self-report. It has also been suggested that obesity may predict future ST rather than ST leading to future obesity. Objective: To investigate whether objective ST and MVPA were associated with current and 5-year changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Methods: We analyzed 1,963 CARDIA participants (aged 38-50 years, 57% female, 41% black) with accelerometry data (≥4 days with ≥10 hr/day) in 2005-2006. BMI and WC were assessed concurrently and 5 years later. Linear regression evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ST and MVPA with BMI and WC across all participants and in race/gender groups due to the presence of interactions. Standardized coefficients (β std ) reflect differences per each 1.7 hr/day increase in ST and each time MVPA increases by a factor of 2. Results: Average ST was 8.1 ± 1.7 hr/day and 21% met MVPA guidelines of 150 min/wk. During the 5 year follow-up, BMI and WC increased in all groups (Table, all p&lt;0.01). Cross-sectionally, in the combined cohort, higher ST and lower MVPA were each independently related to higher BMI and WC (Table). After stratification, lower MVPA was associated with higher BMI in white women and higher WC in white women and men. Higher ST was directly related to BMI in black men and WC in white and black men. Baseline ST and MVPA did not predict 5-year changes in BMI or WC in the full cohort; higher MVPA predicted a smaller BMI increase only in white men (Table). Conclusions: ST and MVPA were each associated with general and abdominal obesity cross-sectionally, but mostly did not predict 5-year changes in these outcomes. These findings do not support that lower ST and higher MVPA will curtail unfavorable gains in general and abdominal obesity over 5 years, but could result from a relationship where greater obesity leads to higher ST and inactivity.