Average Russian Level Research Articles

Hypertension prevalence among the male population aged 35-74 years in Novosibirsk

Aim. To study the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension (HTN), structure and effectiveness of treatment coverage, as well as disease control indicators among the male population aged 35-74 years in Novosibirsk.Material and methods. This cross-sectional study of the Novosibirsk population was conducted in 2021-2023 at the Research Institute for Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics according to the ESSE-RF3 study protocol. A total of 1200 people aged 35-74 years living in Novosibirsk were examined. The analysis included 600 men. The response rate exceeded 70%. HTN was considered detected in systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or in patients taking antihypertensive agents. Awareness was estimated as the proportion of individuals who had previously been informed by a physician about HTN. Treatment effectiveness was considered the proportion of individuals who achieved target BP values while taking antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension control was considered the proportion of individuals who achieved target values among all those examined with HTN. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS software package (version 13.0). Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The critical significance level of the null hypothesis (p) was 0,05.Results. The medians of systolic and diastolic BP among men in No­vo­sibirsk were 136,0 [126,5; 149,5] and 89,0 [82,0; 95,5] mm Hg, respectively. The prevalence of HTN among men aged 35-74 in Novo­sibirsk was 68,9%, while 81,1% of men in Novosibirsk were aware of HTN. Among men with HTN, 54,7% take antihypertensive agents. The effectiveness of treatment among men in Novosibirsk is 32,3%, while 19,6% of men control the disease. The odds of hypertension occurrence in men with hypertriglyceridemia increased by 3,5 times, with abdominal obesity — by 2 times, with an positive family history for cardiovascular diseases — by 1,6 times, and with each year of life increased by 1,1 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of HTN among men in Novosibirsk is higher in comparison with the average Russian level. Significant risk factors for HTN include abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased physical activity. While awareness, treatment coverage, and HTN control among men aged 35-74 in Novosibirsk correspond to Russian trends, treatment effectiveness turned out to be slightly lower than in the Russian population.

Model of Spatial and Sectoral Development of Regions on the Basis of Interregional Interaction

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of spatial and sectoral development of regions on the basis of interregional interaction. The main scientific research within the framework of the spatial approach carried out since 2000 is presented. It has been shown that the work of domestic modern scientists is focused on finding spatial and sectoral priorities for building effective models of mutually beneficial cooperation between the regions of the country. On the example of the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory (as regions with positive economic complementarity), an assessment of the localization coefficient of the type of activity and the per capita production coefficient was carried out. The main problems and threats similar to the analyzed regions are presented, including: relatively low growth rate of the average per capita gross regional product in comparison with the average Russian level; relatively low investment attractiveness and an unfavorable institutional environment; incomplete use of production facilities; and low efficiency of realization of economic potential. Spatial and sectoral priorities have been identified; a model of mutually beneficial interregional interaction between the Republic of Buryatia and the Zabaykalsky Krai was built, ensuring the growth of the economies of integrating regions. It was concluded that the territorial division of the Russian Federation into macro-regions makes it possible to consider all possible vectors of interregional interaction from the standpoint of effective implementation of the synergistic potential of their spatial and sectoral development.

Социально-экономическое развитие горного региона России: проблемы и перспективы

The paper presents the results of studying the main challenges and searching for opportunities to ensure dynamic social and economic development of the Republic of Tyva, a mountainous depressive subject of the Russian Federation, located near the eastern border of the country. Based on analysis and synthesis of indicators from various periods of the region's development, irregularity (instability) of its dynamics is demonstrated. The paper reveals the main reasons for lagging behind and the development factors. The need for a more detailed research into the specific features of this region is emphasized with due account of these differences in the development of the state regulatory measures in relation to similar territories of the country. The authors make the following pilot proposals to develop preferential regimes within the territory of this mountainous and problematic subject of the country: (1) to achieve the level of average per capita monetary income of residents in the amount of 40 thousand rubles (the average Russian level), it is necessary to increase the GRP of the region at least to 110-150 billion rubles, (2) to ensure the growth of average per capita monetary income of the residents of this region to reach 800 USD per month (the average European level), it is necessary to increase the gross regional product to 350.0 billion rubles. Such indicators can ensure dynamic social and economic development of the Republic of Tyva.

Socio-Economic Factors of Population Reproduction in Russia and in the Context of Federal Districts

The purpose of the study. Establishing the specifics of reproduction of the Russian population in the modern conditions of economic development in general and in the context of federal districts.Materials and methods. In the process of writing the article, the authors used regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, materials of the Federal State Statistics Service, the works of individual scientists and public organizations on the problems of population reproduction. In the course of the work, such statistical research methods as tabular and graphical methods, analysis of indexes of dynamics series were used.Results. The population of the Russian Federation and the components of its change for 1990-2021, the dynamics of fertility and mortality rates for 1950-2021 were studied, the reasons for the decline in the total fertility rate and the net coefficient of population reproduction, including in the context of federal districts, were considered.Conclusion. Currently, the population of the Russian Federation has not reached the level of 1990. Fluctuations in the total population growth are mainly caused by fluctuations in migration growth. In conditions of low fertility and high mortality, the migration component is the determining factor of population growth. Since 1992, the natural decline of the population has been established (with the exception of 2013-2015). The amount of migration growth exceeded the natural decline in 2009-2017, which ensured the overall population growth.The intersection of the curves of the dynamics of the fertility rate and the mortality rate in the Russian Federation was established in 1992 and 2016. From 2012 to 2016 the coefficient of natural growth is approaching zero, and then a downward trend is formed, that is, a decrease in the population.The main reason for the decline in the birth rate in Russia is the demographic, socio-economic state of society, in which a steady decline in the total fertility rate, demographic aging of the population, and changes in the family structure have been established. Over the past 30 years, there has been a narrowed reproduction of the population in the country, which can be considered as a potential depopulation.A high variation of the total fertility rate in the context of federal districts of Russia has been established. In the Central Federal District and the North-Western Federal Districts for the period 1990-2021, the total fertility rate did not exceed the average Russian level of this index. Over the past three years (2019-2021), the total fertility rate has been decreasing in the Northwestern, Southern, Volga, and Siberian Federal Districts.In order to eliminate negative trends in the birth rate in the regions, it is necessary to create jobs, form normal housing conditions, ensure sustainable growth in real income of the population, organize a modern level of healthcare, education, develop a network of preschool institutions, and support families.

The Role of Innovation in the Economic Development of the Eastern Regions of the Russian Federation: Economic and Statistical Analysis

The article evaluates an innovative component of economic growth in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation using statistical analysis methods. The relevance of the matter under consideration is increasing dramatically due to the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia, which significantly restrict the import of high-tech and innovative products into our country. Based on Rosstat data for 2016–2019, a comparative analysis of the development of several areas of innovation and economic activity in the regions of the Russian Federation as part of the Far East Federal District (Far East – FE) and the Baikal Region (BR) was carried out. According to the authors, currently, in the regions under consideration, there is an imbalance in the individual components of the innovation sphere, significant heterogeneity, and uneven development of innovation and technological processes in general. The effectiveness of innovation activity in the regions under review in comparison with the indicators for Russia as a whole is low. The revealed multidirectional dynamics of innovation activity indicators in the regions and the lag of most of them from the average Russian level are connected, in the authors’ opinion, with the problems of organizational and financial support of innovation activity and insufficient budget funding allocated to stimulate it. Innovations in the FE and the BR regions were carried out mainly at the expense of the organizations' own funds. In the structure of their costs, most of the funds were allocated for the purchase of machinery and equipment, in 2019 the share of research and development costs significantly increased. The export of innovative products was carried out in less than half of the considered group of regions. The intensity of exports of innovative products in the economy as a whole, as well as in the field of industrial production, exceeds the national level and accounts for about half or more of the total export volume. In terms of the effectiveness of innovation activity among the analyzed regions, the Khabarovsk Territory is the undisputed leader, and among the outsiders are the Magadan Region and the Kamchatka Territory in 2016, the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2019. In most regions, there is an increase in the raw materials orientation of economic systems, and a decrease in the share of the manufacturing sector in the gross regional product (GRP). The results of the analysis of the role of innovation activity in the economic development of the eastern regions of the country and interregional comparative statistics, according to the authors, can be used in the development of updated and upgraded programs for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the FE and the BR of the Russian Federation, concerning present-day foreign policy and foreign economic realities.

ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

Resource supply of sustainable development of agro-economical systems should help to increase the competitiveness of agricultural production in the domestic and world food markets and provide the population of the globe with food on the basis of steady increase of agricultural production growth rates. The analysis of the World Bank database for the period from 2012 to 2021 shows that for ten years the added value in the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation economy has increased by 16%, showing positive dynamics of the average annual growth rate with the value of 1.53%. Comparison with the analogous world average growth rate of 2.97% shows that our agro-economic system lags behind the world by almost two times. The OECD countries are developing with an average annual growth rate of 1.88%, which is also ahead of Russia’s indicators. At the same time, Russia’s agro-economic system is developing 0.26% faster than the countries of the European zone. Over the next eight years the Russian Federation expects to achieve an average annual growth rate of agricultural production of 3%, which is 2.7 times higher than the world average. For this purpose Russian agrarians have significant reserves for sustainable development of the agricultural economic system due to expansion of the areas of the main production resource by means of involving 33.04 million hectares of unused agricultural lands (16.7% of the total area) into circulation which, if successfully developed and the average Russian level of land productivity is reached, will give a 15-16% increase in production. The implementation of the program of technical modernization of agriculture can contribute to the achievement of steady annual growth rates of 1.3-1.8% of the branch production. Along with this the important directions of resource provision are the establishment of fair correlation of prices for agricultural products and industrial goods, fulfillment of financial support of agricultural development program and increasing of export potential of domestic agriculture.

Сравнительная оценка цифровизации индустриальных регионов РФ.

Technological and organisational opportunities provided by digitalisation to the society and economy can help improve the efficiency of industry and advance the development of industrial regions. The study aims to assess the digitalisation level and rate of industrial regions in comparison with the av-erage Russian level. For this purpose, structural and dynamic analysis, as well as the method of grouping of various indicators from the official Russian statistics in the field of ICT were applied. It was hypothe-sised and confirmed that digital technologies are used more intensively in industrial regions. In terms of the use of basic information technologies, the values are higher by 1-7 %. Organisations in industrial re-gions are 3 % more likely to use global networks to interact with counterparts. There are also more en-terprises (by 4 %) that have implemented automated data exchange with partners. Industrial regions have been using special design, production management and product lifecycle software 15 % more often since 2018. However, a hypothesis of a larger-scale implementation of advanced digital technologies in indus-trial regions has not been unequivocally confirmed. The values are higher only for indicators of the use of industrial robots (by 25 %), artificial intelligence technologies (by 12.4 %), digital platforms (by 3.4 %), geo-information systems (by 4.7 %), the Internet of Things (by 4.3 %). The findings can be used to develop digi-talisation strategies at the regional and federal levels. Variability of the regulatory framework for collecting statistics and underdeveloped terminology in the field of digital technologies can be considered as limita-tions to the application of the results. Further research may focus on building econometric and other models for implementing digitalisation in regions.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ СУБЪЕКТОВ РФ В ФОКУСЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА

In the article, based on a comparative analysis of the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2000 - 2020, a group of permanent regions is identified, in which the production of gross regional product per capita is more than half the Russian average and in which the unemployment rate is more than one and a half times exceeds the Russian average. Within this group of regions, subjects of the Russian Federation whose economies have a negative balance of profits and losses and whose budgets are formed on a high subsidy basis are singled out for further analysis. The limited conditions and resources of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation to overcome the significant and sustainable gap from the average Russian level requires the federal authorities to pursue a more active regional policy in relation to the economically backward constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ВРАЧАМИ АКУШЕРАМИ-ГИНЕКОЛОГАМИ, 2017 – 2021 ГГ.

Significance. Relevance. In conditions of demographic trouble, the study of the provision of the female population with obstetricians and gynecologists is of high relevance for the implementation of tasks to preserve the reproductive potential of women and the adoption of managerial measures to solve the personnel problem. Purpose of the study. To study the provision of medical organizations of the Far Eastern Federal District with obstetricians and gynecologists. Material and methods. The analysis of the availability of obstetrician-gynecologists was carried out on the data presented in the form No. 30 and statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period from 2017 to 2022. in the context of federal districts and subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. The following were used in the work: retrospective analysis, statistical (descriptive statistics), analytical method, descriptive statistics method. Results. The provision of medical organizations with obstetrician-gynecologists in the Russian Federation over the past five years has decreased by 4.4%, in the Far Eastern Federal District - by 13.2%, in the Khabarovsk Territory - by -2.1%. At the same time, for the entire study period in the Far East region, the indicator exceeds the average Russian level. There is a widespread decline in the provision of obstetrician-gynecologists, especially in the Far Eastern Federal District (-13.2%), the Urals (-8.9%) and the Volga (-8.7%) federal districts. Among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the most favorable situation is in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (from 8.6 to 10.7 per 10,000 population) and the Magadan Region (from 7.7 to 8.5 per 10,000 population). In most subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the provision exceeds the district level.At the same time, the availability of doctors - specialists providing medical care in stationary conditions, over the same period in the Far Eastern Federal District decreased by 19.5%, in the country as a whole - by 8.0%. In half of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the availability of specialists is higher than the district value, especially in the Chukotka Autonomous District (by 2.7 times in 2017 and 2.9 times in 2021), while in the Khabarovsk Territory it does not reach the district level. Conclusion. Over the past five years, there has been an annual decrease in the provision of medical organizations with obstetrician-gynecologists. This is especially typical for the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District as a whole. The availability of doctors providing medical care in stationary conditions is also declining. At the same time, in half of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the availability of specialists remains above the district value. Application area. The results of the study can be applied when planning a program of state guarantees for the provision of free primary specialized medical and sanitary and specialized medical care to the female population in the Obstetrics and Gynecology profile.

ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ СИБИРИ С ПОЗИЦИЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ «ЗЕЛЕНОЙ» ЭКОНОМИКИ

The concept of green economy is relatively new among the existing models for the socio-economic development of countries and regions. It is developed by the international community within the framework of sustainable development ideology. The purpose of our study is to assess the development dynamics of Siberian regions over the past 30 years taking into account the ecological capacity of this development and the prospects for implementing the principles of green economy. To this end, we used index, mathematical-statistical, and comparative geographical methods of research. The green economy development of Siberian regions was assessed on the basis of calculating the ecological capacity indicators and the decoupling coefficient – a quantitative tool for measuring the relationship between economic growth, resource consumption, and environmental pollution. As the study showed, in all regions of Siberia, the decoupling effect on major indicators of statistically accountable environmental pollution corresponds to the general Russian trends. Compared to the early 1990s, the indicators of environmental intensity of economic growth have dropped by several times. However, in Kemerovo and Tomsk Oblasts (regions) as well as in Krasnoyarsk Krai these indices remain high. Another negative aspect is energy-intensive GRP in Siberian regions, which exceeds the average Russian level by 1.2–4.6 times, especially in Kemerovo and Irkutsk Oblasts as well as in the Republics of Khakassia and Tyva. The observed structural shifts in the economy, namely an increase in the share of the non-manufacturing sector, enhance the opportunities for ‘green growth’ in the regions through the development of less carbon-intensive industries. At the same time, the implementation of the green economy principles is only at the initial stage. Based on the assessment of the regional development dynamics and its ecological capacity, we propose a differentiated approach to be used to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of Siberian regions.

Социально-экономические факторы продовольственной безопасности современной России

Based on the analysis of the main indicators of the standard of living, it is concluded that the agrarian regions of the central part of Russia are significantly lagging behind the average Russian level. Of the regions considered, the best indicators are characteristic of the Belgorod Region (growth in consumer prices, per capita retail trade turnover, the ratio of per capita monetary income to the subsistence minimum, average monthly wages and pensions, as well as the level of poverty. Of particular concern is the socio-economic situation in the Bryansk region, characterized by the worst among the agricultural and industrial centers of the Central Federal District values of most indicators of living standards and the expansion of poverty. A significant lag in the standard of living of the population of the regions that ensure the food security of the state can become a threat to its national security and requires special attention from the government of the country.

Социально-экономические факторы продовольственной безопасности современной России

Based on the analysis of the main indicators of the standard of living, it is concluded that the agrarian regions of the central part of Russia are significantly lagging behind the average Russian level. Of the regions considered, the best indicators are characteristic of the Belgorod Region (growth in consumer prices, per capita retail trade turnover, the ratio of per capita monetary income to the subsistence minimum, average monthly wages and pensions, as well as the level of poverty. Of particular concern is the socio-economic situation in the Bryansk region, characterized by the worst among the agricultural and industrial centers of the Central Federal District values of most indicators of living standards and the expansion of poverty. A significant lag in the standard of living of the population of the regions that ensure the food security of the state can become a threat to its national security and requires special attention from the government of the country.

Factors and Indicators of Russian Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis of Regional Data

The purpose of the research is to assess factors influencing the rescaling of the shadow economy in the Russian Federation (on the example of certain regions). The analysis was carried out using mathematical and statistical methods according to regional statistics for 2013–2019. In particular, a model of multiple indicators and factors (MIMIC) was built. It adapted to the panel data structure. Variables characterizing the tax burden, government regulation and the state of the labor market were used as factors. As indicators of the shadow economy – monetary variables and characteristics of the formal economy.It is shown that in the conditions of economic difficulties there was a «compression» of the scale of the shadow economy in certain regions. According to the authors, a significant role in reducing the shadow component in the regional economy over the period under review was played by the improvement of the tax administration mechanism in the process of forming regional and local budgets (personal income tax, property taxes) as well as coordination of interdepartmental interaction in order to reliably determine the size of the taxable base. The positive role of preferential taxation regimes, which can be established by regional authorities, was proved. A significant impact on the scale of shadow activity of the structure of the regional economy and conditions in the labor market was discovered: a high share of the extractive industry and an increase in wages in the region compared to the average Russian level create incentives for participation in the formal economy and reducing the scale of the shadow economy.The modeling results confirmed the relevance of shadow economy indicators: the larger size of the regional shadow economy entails less participation in the labor force and an increase in cash turnover.The conclusions obtained from a new angle focus on the task of improving the investment climate, reducing pressure on entrepreneurship, and supporting small and medium-sized businesses.

Стратегирование выхода региона из дотационного экономического состояния на примере Кабардино-Балкарской Республики

Many Russian regions depend on gratuitous transfers from the federal center. These regions lag behind the average Russian level of economic development and standard of living, which creates uneven prerequisites for economic growth. In addition, such regions attract no investments, and the effectiveness of the use of federal money is often impossible to assess. These conditions lead to inequal economic development, living standards, and welfare in different regions, which creates social tension and hinders the economic growth of the whole country. The research relied on the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing developed by V.L. Kvint, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, whose projects have been successfully implemented in a number of regional and sectoral strategies. According to the general methodology of strategizing, new opportunities are determined by analyzing global, sectoral, and regional trends. The present research featured the subsidized region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The proposed term of subsidized economic condition made it possible to take into account the peculiarities of such regions during strategizing. The author developed some tools for assessing the effectiveness of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic’s exit strategy from subsidized economy. The main strategic priority was to improve the quality of life in the region, as well as to increase the level of its financial independence. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify and substantiate the theoretical features of strategizing the exit from subsidized economy, as well as to develop some tools for assessing the effectiveness of this strategy for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Analyzing the use of money incomes of the population and consumer expenditure of households in the Chechen Republic in 2002–2021

Subject. The article addresses the structure of using the monetary incomes of the population and household consumption expenditures of the Chechen Republic in 2002–2021. Objectives. The aim is to determine the income level of the population in the context of volume and quality of satisfaction of needs of the population and households, to make conclusions and propose measures to solve existing problems. Methods. The study draws on the comparative analysis, general scientific and economic-statistical research methods. Results. The study established that the structure of the use of monetary income and household consumption expenditures during the study period in the Chechen Republic improved significantly. There was an increase in the standard of living of the population in 2002–2021, however, at the same time, the Chechen Republic is noticeably lagging behind the average Russian level of monetary income. Conclusions. The average per capita income in the Chechen Republic is considerably lower than the average Russian level, and this gap persists during the period under analysis. Trends in the structure of the use of monetary incomes indicate a decrease in living standards in the region. Improving the standard of living of the population should become the main task of regional economic policy makers. The primary task of socio-economic policy makers in our country at all levels should be the creation of socio-economic conditions so that people would have a sufficiently high level of monetary income to meet their needs.

Administrative offenses cases number assessment in the Russian regions

Reducing crime is an important objective in the Russian Federation, therefore monitoring the dynamics of offending is relevant and of research interest nowadays. The aim of the article is to analyse the number of administrative offenses cases initiated by officials in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the changes that have occurred in the period between 2006 and 2019. In order to obtain a stable classification, all regions of Russia were ranked according to the arithmetic average number of administrative offenses cases for the period indicated. The paper implemented the cluster analysis method to identify typical, similar regions in terms of administrative offenses. The clusters and atypical regions composition according to the number of administrative offenses cases in the Russian Federation for the analysed period was formed. The deviations of the clusters and regions values from the average Russian level were calculated.

Один из приводов механизма выравнивания жизненного уровня населения Севера

The article presents the arguments for the activation of one of the mechanisms proposed by the authors in previous issues of the journal to equalize the living standards of the population in the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them. The state? Being in a symbiosis of liberal and dirigiste concepts of development, in the North, is forced to act as the main player in the market. In the long term, the main player is faced with the task of sustainable development of the living conditions of the population living in the North, because the real resource-based economy, after all, is the economy of a visible perspective, and not of future generations of Russians. The desire of people for comfort cannot be prevented and it is unlikely that it will be possible to increase the population in the North. The state needs to plan in the long run for today’s current population in the North. The determining factor in improving the living standards of the population in the North is the high-quality heat supply of utility, social and industrial facilities. Heat supply in the North is at the same time a factor in the rise in production costs. Its transition everywhere to equal conditions for the government to equalize tariffs for thermal energy to the average Russian level. Equalization of heat energy tariffs prior to this transition will create dependent conditions for consumers. The main brake on the transition is the lack of standards that fully take into account the loss of resistance to heat transfer by the enclosing structures of buildings and structures as they wear out. High specific energy costs for expenses with wear and tear of observers have the ability to prevent the installation of common house meters, respectively, the entire article about the beginning of the experience of rationing energy consumption by growth with depreciation in the area of responsibility of Sakha (Yakutia) and mass events to stimulate energy conservation.

Экономическая конъюнктура в Дальневосточном федеральном округе в 2021 г.

In this paper we analyze the socio-economic situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2021. We consider the main types of economic activity and territorial-administrative regions and base our analysis on operational statistical, analytical, and expert information. We take up the problems of functioning of the branches of the real sector of the economy, the social sphere, and foreign economic activity under the influence of the mitigation of restrictive measures of functioning in the conditions of the ongoing crisis caused by the pandemic. We note an increase in investment activity above the level of the pre-pandemic period of 2018–2019 as projects in the field of mining, transport, logistics, and gas-chemical projects had a positive impact on the increase in investment resources. Against the background of the positive dynamics of the production activity of regional industrial enterprises, a slowdown in the intensity of recovery relative to national parameters was noted. The manufacturing industry of the macroregion has demonstrated significant growth rates, but multidirectional production trends persisted in the two largest Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation (from the point of view of the extractive industry) – the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (growth), and the Sakhalin Region (decline). Positive aspects (weak growth) were recorded in overcoming the real incomes crisis. The real income is still, however, below the pre-pandemic level of 2019. The growth of monetary incomes of the population in real terms was observed in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Primorsky Krai and Kamchatsky Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Amur Oblast, and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. At the same time, only in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug the growth rate of real incomes of the population exceeded the average Russian level. The process of population decline continues due to a decrease in the birth rate and an increased number of deaths, which was noted back in 2020; positive factors include an increase in the population due to migration growth in the five Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation

Динамика смертности и продолжительность жизни населения регионов Дальнего Востока России: 2013–2021 гг.

The article discusses the current trends in demographic development in the Far Eastern Federal District in the period 2013–2021, which, on the one hand, is characterized by the implementation of a large-scale package of state economic and social policy measures in relation to the accelerated development of the macroregion, and, on the other hand, includes a two-year period restrictive measures in connection with the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). On the basis of statistical information, the parameters reflecting the natural movement of the population (birth and death rates) are analyzed, and the relative mortality rates for the main causes in the context of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District are analyzed in more detail. As part of the study, it was found that a high level of mortality continues to persist in the macroregion, especially due to diseases of the circulatory system, digestion, and respiration, including against the background of the spread of COVID-19, as well as under the influence of external causes, significantly outstripping the average indicators for certain territories around the country. It is shown that the combination of negative consequences of increased mortality contributes to a decrease in life expectancy of the population, both in the Far East as a whole and in each of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which during the study period in this indicator never reached the average Russian level. Taking into account the existing negative trends in the natural movement of the population of the macroregion, exacerbated by the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the low probability of achieving the target indicators stated in the official strategic documents on the demographic development of the Far East is substantiated

Influence of digital educational resources on didactic possibilities for the educational process (on the example of english language)

The effective organization of the educational process in the context of rapid acceleration of the society’s digitalization is impossible without increasing its digital literacy. Consequently, it is necessary to study the current state of digital literacy, and to seek and implement new learning models in the educational system based on the application of modern innovative technologies and digital teaching methods. This research aimed to study the level of teachers’ digital literacy, as well as opportunities and future trends in digital didactics. Two major methods have been used: development of an abstract-logical model and a survey in order to measure the level of digital literacy of teachers and educators in Ukraine. The analysis of the survey data has revealed that teachers and university professors have reached the highest level of digital literacy, which is significantly higher than the average Russian level.