Динамика смертности и продолжительность жизни населения регионов Дальнего Востока России: 2013–2021 гг.

Abstract

The article discusses the current trends in demographic development in the Far Eastern Federal District in the period 2013–2021, which, on the one hand, is characterized by the implementation of a large-scale package of state economic and social policy measures in relation to the accelerated development of the macroregion, and, on the other hand, includes a two-year period restrictive measures in connection with the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). On the basis of statistical information, the parameters reflecting the natural movement of the population (birth and death rates) are analyzed, and the relative mortality rates for the main causes in the context of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District are analyzed in more detail. As part of the study, it was found that a high level of mortality continues to persist in the macroregion, especially due to diseases of the circulatory system, digestion, and respiration, including against the background of the spread of COVID-19, as well as under the influence of external causes, significantly outstripping the average indicators for certain territories around the country. It is shown that the combination of negative consequences of increased mortality contributes to a decrease in life expectancy of the population, both in the Far East as a whole and in each of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which during the study period in this indicator never reached the average Russian level. Taking into account the existing negative trends in the natural movement of the population of the macroregion, exacerbated by the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the low probability of achieving the target indicators stated in the official strategic documents on the demographic development of the Far East is substantiated