Average Oil Content Research Articles

Fiber coalescence treatment of oily wastewater: A new theory and application

Oil pollution from produced water in the offshore petroleum industry is one of the most serious marine pollutants worldwide, and efficient separation technology is crucial for the control of oil pollutant emission. Medium coalescence is an efficient oil-water separation technology, but its theory is lacking and the development is slow. In this work, the microscopic mechanism of fiber coalescence was revealed, and found that the effective collision positions were the three-phase contact line and the exposed fiber surface. Further, a theoretical model for calculating the separation performance of a fiber bed was established. For a given inlet droplet size distribution and bed geometric parameters, the outlet droplet size distribution and the total separation efficiency of the fiber bed can be predicted. Then, an Ω-shaped woven method composed of oil-wet fibers and oil-phobic fibers was designed and the separation performance of the fiber beds prepared by the method and the influence law of various parameters were clarified through macroscopic experiment. Finally, the novel technology achieved its first engineering application on an offshore platform, with the average oil content of the outlet was less than 25 mg/L, which could reform the current treatment process of produced water.

Kinetičko modelovanje superkritične ekstrakcije ulja semena amaranta

Amaranth seeds contain oil with important nutritional properties, in particular, because of the presence of essential fatty acids, high content of minerals, vitamins, lysine and squalene. In this study, the kinetics of the supercritical fluid extraction of oil from three amaranth seed varieties has been investigated. The average oil content in amaranth seed was 58.2 g/kg, ranging from 54.6 to 61.1 g/kg depends on varieties, while squalene content ranged from 3.3 to 3.8 g/kg with an average content of 3.5 g/kg dry seed. Five empirical kinetic equations were successfully applied for kinetic modeling of extraction. As indicated by the appropriate statistical "goodness of fit" tests (such as the sum of squared errors, the coefficient of determination and the average absolute relative deviation), empirical models show good agreement with experimental data. The mathematical modeling of a process is beneficial to predict the process conduct and furthermore extend the procedures from laboratory to industrial scales.

Effect of water deficit and sowing date on oil and protein contents in soybean co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

ABSTRACT The soybean chemical composition is strongly influenced by genetic factors, as well as their interaction with the environment and management practices. Among the environmental factors, water deficit and temperature are those that most contribute to modify the chemical composition of beans, especially oil and protein contents. The present study aimed to assess the effects of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on soybean oil and protein contents. Two field experiments were carried out on different sowing dates. The design consisted of randomized blocks, in a split-split-plot arrangement, with four replications, including two irrigation depths (25 % and 100 % of the ETc), two inoculation methods [Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strains Semia 5079 and Semia 5080) and Azospirillum brasilense (strains AbV5 and AbV6 + Bradyrhizobium japonicum)] and two cultivars (ANTA 82 and TMG 132). The co-inoculation did not affect the oil and protein contents of beans for any of the assessed management conditions. The water deficit in the reproductive stage, combined with the sowing dates, altered the oil and protein contents in both the assessed cultivars, showing, respectively, a higher average protein and oil content in the beans for the cultivars TMG 132 and ANTA 82.

Variability of Yield and Chemical Composition in Some Romanian Soybean Genotypes

Soybean can play an important role in securing the European protein resources. The goal of the breeder was to create highly productive soybean varieties, followed by quality grain. In this regard soybean breeding program at NARDI Fundulea has been involved in improving the genetic yield and quality potential to meet the need of farmers in different parts of the country. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of five soybean genotypes (created at NARDI Fundulea) from different maturity groups, grown at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea in 2017-2019, for yield, protein content and oil content. The year had statistically significant effect for the studied agronomic traits, p<0.01. The average yield for all genotypes was 2952 kg/ha. The highest grain yield on an average was recorded in genotype Crina F (41/9%). The average protein content of all examined genotypes was 40.07%. 2017 was the most favorable year for protein synthesis. The average oil content for all examined genotypes was Camelia F (23/77%). The most favorable year for oil synthesis was 2019 (23/48%). This research had evidentiated that new soybean genotypes created at NARDI Fundulea are suitable for new climatic conditions and can constitute the basis for further soybean breeding adapted to farmers' requirements.

Examination the Quality of Oil Obtained from Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Seeds as an Additive in the Production of Cosmetic Preparations and Food Supplements

From ancient times the natural plant Cornelian cherry is used for various purposes. The healing properties of Cornelian cherry suit the human body and give it the necessary vitamins, acids, and everything else it needs for the body to function normally and healthily. Due to its antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, and antihistamine properties, it is increasingly used as a dietary supplement, as well as for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. In addition to the fruit of the Cornelian cherry, in the past, the oil of Cornelian cherry seeds was used, the content of which can be up to 30%. However, the data available in the literature are scanty and do not show true values because the oil content depends on many factors, such as the geographical origin of the Cornelian cherry, the harvest period, varieties, etc., which also affects the oil content in the seeds.
 Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the average oil content of Cornelian cherry seeds, and to determine the obtained oil physico-chemical parameters that show the quality of the oil, namely oil viscosity, iodine value, peroxide value, acid value, and saponification value. Based on the obtained results, more information is clearly given about the quality of the obtained oil, as well as its use in the production of cosmetic preparations.
 Based on the conducted analyzes, it was shown that the oil obtained from the Cornelian cherry seeds was high quality, and that it was analyzed in its fatty acid composition similar to other vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, pumpkin oil, corn oil. The low of the peroxide value showed that the oil used has good resistance to oxidative spoilage, which is attributed to the composition of fatty acids and the presence of oil components that have a pronounced antioxidant effect, while the iodine value indicates that it is oil rich in saturated fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic and arachid, etc. where genotype plays an important role. The saponification value showed that these are fatty acids present in the triacylglycerols of this oil, which are low molecular weight, ie there are fewer of those with a larger number of C atoms. All obtained values ​​of the analyzed physical and chemical parameters are in accordance with the requirements imposed by the Regulations on edible vegetable oils (Official Gazette of the Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina No.21/11.), and as such can be used for cosmetic purposes.

Acer triflorum: A maple species that serves as a resource for nervonic acid and that has an ultralow erucic acid content

In this experiment, pulse NMR and gas chromatography were used to determine the seed oil content and fatty acid composition of Acer triflorum. In addition, the morphological characteristics of samaras and seeds were measured by conventional methods. The results showed that the average oil content of the tested seeds was 33.44 ± 0.098% and revealed the presence of 16 fatty acids, of which six constituted 93.57% of the total oil cocent: linoleic acid, oleic acid, docosadienoic acid, peanutenedioic acid, palmitic acid and nervonic acid. In particular, the erucic acid content was less than 1%. Fifteen morphological indexes were measured and used as a reference for breeding Acer triflorum. This is the first study to investigate the seed oil content and fatty acid composition of Acer triflorum.

Effects of sulphur on the yield, yield component characters and oil content of oilseed rape

The effects of four sulphur levels: S0, S1, S2 and S3, including 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively, along with 115 kg N ha-1 were studied on yield-related traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The significant variance of treatments was determined for plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and oil content. The sulphur application significantly increased most of the traits compared to the S0 level. The S3 (36 kg S ha-1) treatment led to the highest mean value of plant height (132 cm) which was classified with S2 (24 kg S ha-1) in the same statistical group. Sulphur had an increasing effect on pods per plant, and it ranged from 92 to 196 for S0 and S3 applications, respectively. S0 and S1 with 92 and 121 pods per plant were grouped in the same statistical group. In addition, S2, and S3 with 165 and 196 pods per plant showed no significant statistical difference. The sulphur application significantly increased seed yield compared to control (S0 level), and it ranged from 2744 to 3215 kg ha-1 in S0 and S3, respectively. The average oil contents of 45.69, 46.96, 47.46 and 49.53 % were detected for 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg S ha-1, respectively.

Экологическая оценка сортов рапса ярового в различных условиях возделывания

We conducted the environmental assessment of the spring rapeseed cultivars bred at the Siberian experimental station (SOS): Kupol, Granit and 55 region, a promising line SL-691 and a variety Tavrion bred in VNIIMK in different soil-climatic zones of cultivation. Weather conditions in the Western Siberia and the Krasnodar region had distinctive features by precipitation amount and average daily air temperature for the years of research (2017–2019). The best year for growing of spring rapeseed regardless of the cultivation zone was 2017. In the Western Siberia, the worst year for growing according to the environmental conditions index was 2019 (Ij = -5.81), and in the Krasnodar region 2018 (Ij = -10.92). Data on varieties in the Western Siberia allowed us to establish that with a higher index (bi) of 1.32 and 1.24, respectively for the varieties Granit and 55 region, they have the greatest environmental plasticity and responded more actively to certain improvements in growing conditions. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the highest environmental plasticity was observed for the varieties Kupol and 55 region, with bi equal to 1.29 and 1.11, respectively. Regardless of the cultivation conditions, the line SL-691 was marked as unstable by its seed yield. The varieties developed at the Siberian experimental station (SOS) – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops had high oil content of 52.1–52.6% in the Western Siberia on average over the years of testing. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the average oil content of the seeds was 42.2–43.6%. Over the years of the research, this trait was little changed over the years and stable in varieties.

Cleaning of oil-polluted bottom sediments of the boreal lake, Samotlor oil field, North Russia: case report.

Small lakes in areas of intensive crude oil production may be susceptible to oil pollution arising from accidental spills and leaks, eventually leading to the pollution of bottom sediments. Effective cleaning of aquatic bottom sediments remains a challenge. Flotation is a potentially simple and reliable approach for the cleanup of bottom sediments without their excavation from the water body. Full-scale testing of flotation-based technology using the specially designed airlift plant allowed the cleaning of bottom sediments of an unnamed boreal lake ('the lake') within the Samotlor oil field, North Russia, heavily polluted with crude oil several decades ago. The lake bottom sediments are dominated by peat and unevenly polluted with oil. The average oil content in the lake bottom sediments was 111 g kg-1. During the 1.5 months' field test in July-August 2018, the average total oil concentration in the bottom sediments of the lake was reduced to 1.99 g kg-1. Secondary water contamination was minimal; the content of oil hydrocarbons in the water after completion of work did not exceed 0.09 ± 0.04 mg L-1. This study demonstrates that flotation-based technology can be applied for in situ cleaning of oil-contaminated lake bottom sediments including those in boreal climates.

A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS

The paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB.

THE ANALYSIS OF OIL CONTENT IN SEDIMENT AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN BELAWAN WATERS OF MEDAN CITY, NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

This research was conducted in March 2019 to determine the oil content in sediment, it’s community structure of macrozoobenthos and it’s a relationship in Belawan Waters of Medan City, North Sumatera. Four sampling stations with five replications in each station were surveyed. The results showed that the average oil content in sediments exceeded the threshold had set by the National Academy of Science. Macrozoobenthos found consists of Ocypode quadrata, Scyla serrate, Rotun dicauda, Penaeus sp, Murex tribulus, and Nassarius olivaccus. The highest abundance was in Station 3 and the lowest was in Station 2. The diversity index in each station was generally very low. Dominance Index in Station 4 was medium, whilst the other stations were high. Evenness index showed in Station 3 and 4 were in high population, Station 1 was in medium population and Station 2 was in low population. Simple linear regression analyses between oil content in sediment with community structure of macrozoobenthos indicated negative correlation ( Y = 10,5-0,0001x , R2 = 0,0004 and r = 0,02 ) which indicated that the higher the oil content, the lower the macrozoobenthos abundance in sediment.

GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of frankincense from Boswellia papyrifera in Northern Ethiopia

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the two study sites on essential oil content (EOC) and essential oil composition (EOCP) of the oleo-gum resins obtained from Boswellia papyrifera. Authentic representative oleogum resin samples were collected from Abergelle and Metema in the northern dry land aria of Ethiopia. The essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation using in a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3h and the average oil content 1.09% in Metema and 0.25% in Abergelle were recorded. The volatile oil of Boswellia papyrifera was examined by GC and GC-MS techniques and ten components (85.68%) comprising 100% of total volume in Abergelle and fifteen components (86.12%) comprising 100% of total volumes in Metema were identified. Acetic acid (58.56%, 51.23%, 1-octanol (8.87%, 17.66%) and Ethyl-3-en-1-yl (12.91%, 11.72%) were found to be the major components in the study species which were collected Abergelle and Metema. In this paper we found the results of our study on the volatile oils of olio-gum resins collected from the two sites were observed that the GC-MS spectrum of the oil have similar but the essential oil content have significant difference.

Fertility variation among Paeonia lactiflora genotypes and fatty acid composition of seed oil

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a prospective oilseed crop and is widely cultivated in temperate regions. In the present study, eleven fertility characteristics of sixteen peony genotypes were systematically investigated through two consecutive years of observation, and correlation analysis between the parameter seed yield per stem and other ten parameters was performed. Then the fatty acid composition in the seed oil was further determined with six peony cultivars selected from the investigation. The results showed that the examined sixteen genotypes exhibited a wide range of significant differences in fertility traits. A significant positive correlation was observed between seed yield and other seven parameters (P < 0.01). And the parameter follicle symmetry (r = 0.570**) was further established as an indicative parameter in the early selection of high-yield peony genotypes. Further determination revealed that the average oil content of peony seeds was 32.71 %. Total ten fatty acids (FAs) were detected in peony seed oil and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) accounted for 94.38–95.09 %. Oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) were three principal UFAs. The contents of these UFAs varied with genotype, but were overall more balanced than those in other seed oil. ‘Hangshao’ and ‘Fenghuang Niepan’ were eventually recommended for oilseed usage due to their considerable seed yields (30.75 g and 25.63 g per stem, respectively) and high seed oil content (33.34 % and 32.56 %, respectively). These findings would provide helpful references for the selection of oleaginous peony cultivars and accelerate the development of oil peony industry.

The influence of growing factors on the productivity indicators of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill

Purpose. To determine the patterns of influence of gro­wing factors on the economically valuable characteristics of new soybean varieties. Methods. Field, biochemical methods, analysis of variance. Results. The rates of the influence of the growing zone, the conditions of the growing season of the year and the soybean variety on the yield, weight of 1000 seeds, the content of crude protein and oil, and protein and oil collection were determined. The greatest influence on the yield of the studied varieties had a growing zone – 55%. On average the maximum yield was obtained in Forest-steppe zone 2.48–3.58 t/ha, the lowest – in Steppe zone (1.33–1.89 t/ha) for 2017–2018. In the same period the weight of 1000 seeds on average was 125.1–169.9 g in the Steppe zone, in Forest-Steppe zone it was 130.2–207.8 g and 143.9–188.0 g in Fo­rrest zone. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone has the greatest influence on weight of 1000 seeds – 31%, variety – 21% and conditions of the growing season of the year – 13%. The main characteristics of soybean quality are the content of crude protein and oil in seeds. The highest level of crude protein was observed in soybean variety in Forest-Steppe zone – 37.5–44.0%. In Forrest zone, the crude protein content was 34.4–41.7%, in the Steppe zone 35.4–40.1%. The maximum level of this characteristic was observed in variety ‘NS Diyana’ – 44.0% in Forest-Steppe zone, in Forrest zone – in the variety ‘Alexa’ 41.7%, in Steppe zone – in variety ‘NS Diyana’ 40.1%. Thus, the growing zone (31%) and variety (25%) had the greatest influence on the content of crude protein; the interaction of factors (variety and growing zone) affected 17%. The average oil content for 2017‑2018 ranges from 19.8 to 24.2%. High oil content was noted in ‘Adsoy’ variety in Forrest and Forest-Steppe zones, 24.2 and 22.6%, respectively, and ‘Azimut’ – 23.8% in Steppe zone. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the growing zone to a greater extent affected the oil content in soybean seeds by 25%, variety – 21%, and the interaction of factors of the variety and gro­wing zone by 21%. Conclusions. According to the results of multifactor analysis of variance, it was determined that the growing zone had the greatest influence on the studied parameters. It was found that the rate of the influence of gro­wing zone of soybean varieties is 25–55%, depending on the studied characteristic. It was determined that the influence of the variety was 4–25%, the conditions of the growing season affected by 1–26%.

PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.

GG 41: A high yielding Virginia runner groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety for Gujarat state

A Virginia runner groundnut Variety GG 41 was developed from the cross GG 21 and TPG 41. This genotypewas tested at multilocation from 2014 to 2018 during kharif season in Gujarat. It recorded a high mean pod yield of 2722 kg/ha as compared to the checks viz., GG 11 (2352 kg/ha) and GJG 17 (2344 kg/ha). Pod yield superiority of this variety over the checks, GG 11 and GJG 17 were 15.74% and 16.10%. Average kernel yield of GG 41 was 2010 kg/ha as against the checks GG 11 (1586 kg/ha) and GJG 17 (1596 kg/ha). Mean 100-kernel weight of GG 41 was 56.48 g; 100-pod weight was 144.98 g; shelling out-turn was 73.84% and the average oil content was 51.44%.Incidence of stem rot and collar rot of the variety was very low as compared to the check varieties. The damage due to leaf defoliators and thrips under field conditions was lower in GG 41 as compared to the check varieties. Based on the superior performance, this genotype has been released in 15th Combined Joint AGRESCO Committee of SAUs of Gujarat as GG 41 for general cultivation in the kharif rainfed spreading variety groundnut growing areas of the Gujarat State.

Technical exploration of horizontal screw centrifuge in solid-liquid separation of flowback liquid in offshore production

This paper introduces the structure and working principle of horizontal screw centrifuge with large length diameter ratio and its technological process in the separation of liquid-solid liquid in the flowback of offshore production. The effects of different water addition ratio, rotating speed and demulsifier content on the separation effect of centrifuge were investigated by indoor experiments. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the parameters, and the optimal combination of parameters was as follows: water ratio was 1.5/1, rotating speed was 3000r / min, demulsification was achieved The dosage was 400mg / L. The optimum rotating speed of the centrifuge is 2000r / min, and the field pilot test is carried out for 10 consecutive days with the best combination of parameters. The results are as follows: the average mechanical impurity rate of oil phase produced by horizontal screw centrifuge is 0.465%, and the average oil content in water phase is 183mg / L. The separation effect is stable.

ESSENTIAL OIL OF Curcuma longa L. RHIZOMES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, YIELD VARIATION AND STABILITY

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the variability in the percentage and the chemical composition of volatile oils from 12 turmeric samples. Rhizomes of the turmeric plant were collected from three different producers in the Brazilian like savanna (Cerrado) habitat in the state of Bahia. The chemical composition of the oils derived from the rhizomes was analysed by thin-layer chromatography and GC-MS. The average oil content was 3.97% ± 0.61%, varying from 3.0% to 5.16%. There were differences between producers; however, all samples met the specification of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed qualitative similarity in both oil and curcuminoid components among the samples. The major components identified in the oils by gas chromatography were ar-turmerone (40.00% ± 13.20%), α-turmerone (10.05% ± 2.90%) and curlone (22.73% ± 12.72%). Regarding stability, there was a difference between the essential oil percentages after 6 months, but the content was maintained adequate and the chromatographic profile remained similar. The vegetable raw material obtained from C. longa rhizomes produced in the western region of the state of Bahia met the quality requirement of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia.

Avaliação Citotóxica do Óleo Essencial de Siparuna cymosa Frente a Células de Leucemia Mielóide

This work presents the chemical characterization of the essential oil obtained from the Siparuna cymosa (Siparunaceae), an endemic species of the Atlantic Rainforest, as well as its cytotoxicity assessment in the presence of tumor cells. The oil was extracted from dry leaves by hydrodistillation and characterized (GC-MS); and its cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thyazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method in AML, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (THP-1) and CML, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (K652) cell lines. The average oil content was 2.11%, and the majority compound was a-bisabolol (68.9%) and, in significant amounts, p -cimen-9-ol (7.9%) and spathulenol (3.7%). The IC 50 obtained were the 25.44 ± 1.55 μg mL -1 (CML), and 30.88 ± 2.45 μg mL -1 (AML). The essential oil exhibits moderate cytotoxic action in the presence of leukemia cells, especially AML, for which the selectivity index was higher. The oil's cytotoxic action in the presence of the essential oil’s antitumor cells may be associated with the presence of the component a-bisabolol, a substance with recognized antitumor action. Keywords: Siparunaceae; GC-MS analysis; bisabolol; THP-1; K562

Doña Aurelia: nuevo cultivar de piñón para el trópico de México

Durante más de ocho años, el INIFAP ha realizado trabajos de investigación enfocados a los insumos para la producción de biocombustibles entre ellos el piñón mexicano (Jatropha curcas L.). A lo largo de este tiempo, se establecieron ensayos genéticos en cuatro ambientes tropicales de México basados en genotipos seleccionados de acuerdo con sus atributos agronómicos e industriales. Los principales criterios de selección abordados fueron: rendimiento de grano, contenido de aceite, hábito de crecimiento y presencia de flores femeninas. Los mejores genotipos de los ensayos fueron dos variedades con presencia de 100% de flores femeninas y una variedad con predominio de flores masculinas, pero también con la presencia de flores femeninas y hermafroditas. Una de estas variedades con flores 100% femeninas se registró con la denominación ‘Doña Aurelia’ con título de obtentor número 1541. Esta variedad ha demostrado ser estable en cuanto a sus características morfológicas y de producción en los años de evaluación. Esta variedad tiene un rendimiento promedio en ambientes del trópico húmedo de 0.49 t ha-1 en el primer año del cultivo, con un rendimiento potencial al primer año de 0.98 t ha-1, bajo condiciones de trópico seco. Alcanza rendimientos de 3 t de grano seco por hectárea al cuarto año de producción. El contenido promedio de aceite en las semillas de la variedad es de 53.4%. Las características fisicoquímicas del aceite son: 98.57 gI2/100 de índice de yodo, 0.921 g cm-3 de densidad, 34.894 mm2 s-1 de viscosidad y 2.974 mg KOH g-1 de índice de acidez y composición de ácidos grasos de 35.36% de ácidos grasos saturados y 64.64% de ácidos grasos insaturados, de acuerdo con la norma americana ASTM ‘Doña Aurelia’ se considera de buena calidad como materia prima para obtener biodiesel.