Average Mean Score Research Articles

DESIGNING THE INNOVATIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT PLANS IN FORM OF THE STEM EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD TO DEVELOP THE PRIMARY STUDENTS OF THEIR CREATIVE THINKING LEARNING PROCESSES IN SCIENCE CLASS AT THE 2ND GRADE LEVEL

The purposes of this research study for designing the innovative learning management lesson plans in the form of the STEM Education Method (STEMe) on Magnetic Force Issue in science class which were to develop an innovative learning management lesson plan that based on the model of learning management with the STEMe, students’ learning achievements of their assessing pretest and posttest techniques based on the STEMe were compared, students’ creative thinking abilities (CTA) of their pre-CAT and post-CAT based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were assessed, and students’ learning achievements of their assessing posttest and their creative thinking abilities based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were associated. Administering this research target group which a sample consisted of 32-primary students at the 2 nd grade level in the second semester in the academic year 2016 from Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University Demonstration School under the Office of Higher Educational Commission was selected. Using a main Innovative Learning Management Lesson Plan (ILMLP) in the form of the STEMe in 14 hours was designed. Students’ learning outcomes of their pretest and posttest assessments were obtained using the 30-item Science Achievement Test (SAT). Students’ performances of their creative thinking abilities were determined using the 8-item Creative Thinking Ability Assessment (CTAA). Statistically significant with means, standard deviation, percentage, independent t-test, simple and multiple correlations of Pearson’s movement correlation were analyzed. The results of these research finding have found that followed as: The innovative learning management plans in the form of the STEMe were evaluated to determine performance criteria with the efficiency of the processing performance and the performance results (E 1 /E 2 ) of the ILMLP to management of students’ activities in science class indicated that of 99.55/80.10. The average mean scores of students’ post learning achievements was a higher than the learning outcomes of their pre-test with the LAT on Magnetic Force Issue were differentiated evidence at the 0.01 level, significantly. Comparisons between students’ creativity thinking abilities of their pre-SAT and post-SAT assessments were assessed with the CTAA based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were differentiated that evidence of statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Associations between students’ learning outcomes of their posttest (SAT) assessment and their creative thinking abilities (CTAA) toward science in science class were related of the variance in previous critical thinking abilities and science rerated that evidence of statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Article visualizations:

COMPARISONS OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT BETWEEN STEM EDUCATION METHOD AND THE 5E-INQUIRY MODEL FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING ABILITIES AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARD PHYSICS ON MOMENTUM AND COLLISION ISSUE OF SECONDARY STUDENTS AT THE 10th GRADE LEVEL IN PHYSICS CLASSES

The purposes of this research were to develop an innovative instructional lesson plan based on the models of learning management in the STEM Education Method and the 5E-Inquiry Model curricula of secondary students at the 10 th grade level on Momentum and Collision Issue in physics classes with the processing and performance resulting effective standardized criteria at the level of 80/80, to compare between students’ learning achievements of their pre and posttests, to evaluate students’ performances of their creative thinking abilities with the instructional designing methods, to assess students’ attitudes toward physics, to associate between students’ learning achievements of their post tests and their creative thinking abilities and their attitudes toward physics, and to predict the relationships between students’ performances of their creative thinking abilities and their attitudes toward physics. Administrations with the target sample groups, which consisted of 50 experimental and 46 controlling group students to manage learning activities with the STEM Education Method and the 5E-Inquiry Model from Sarakhampittayakom School, Thailand with the Purposive Random Sampling technique was selected. Using the research type of the Quasi-experimental research was experimented in Two-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Students’ learning activities of their processing and performance resulting effective with the innovative instructional lesson plan in 16 periods. Students’ learning achievements were assessed with the 30-item Learning Achievement Test (LAT) with four multiple choices, Students’ responses of their creative thinking abilities were assessed with the 24-item Creative Thinking Ability Test (CTAT) in four scales; students’ attitudes were assessed with a short version of the 8-item Test Of Physics-Related Attitude (TOPRA). Statistically significant were analyzed with average mean score , standard deviation , (S.D.), percentage, independent variable t-test, One-Way ANOVA ( eta 2 ), Simple Correlation (r), Standardized Regression Coefficient (β), Multiple Correlation ( R ), and the Coefficient Predictive Value: ( R 2 ) were used. The results of this research findings: the effectiveness of the innovative learning management lesson plan on Momentum and Collision Issue of the secondary students at the 10 th grade level in the form of STEM Education Method (E1/E2) is 83.70 / 83.47, and based on the 5E-Inquiry Model of (E1 / E2) was 80.00/80.58. Students’ learning achievements of their pretest and post tests for both STEM Education Method and the 5E-Inquiry Model were differentiated ( ƿ < 0.001), significantly. The CTAT and the TOPRA by Cronbach alpha coefficient evidence of 0.88 and 0.79 were validated and reliability. Associations between students’ learning achievements of their post-test (PoLAT) and their CTAT, the R 2 value indicated that 47% and 42% of the variance in students’ creative thinking abilities of their physics classes were attributable to their post learning achievements, students’ learning achievements of the LAT and their TOPRA toward physics, the R 2 value indicated that 50% and 36% of the variance in students’ creative thinking abilities of their physics classes were attributable to their PoLAT learning achievements, the coefficient predictive determinant values between students in their CTAT and TOPRA toward physics, the R 2 value indicated that 67% and 26% of the variance in students’ creative thinking abilities of their physics classes were attributable to their attitudes toward physics in the STEM Education Method and the 5E-Inquiry Model, statistically significant was also found at the 0.01 level, respectively. In terms of the 5E-Inquiry Model, statistically significant was not found at the 0.05 level between students’ creative thinking abilities and their attitudes toward physics. Article visualizations:

Patient compliance with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTE).

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) comprises pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and causes morbidity and mortality, particularly in trauma and orthopaedic patients. Prevalence of 0.9% and 1.2% respectively are reported, with mortality rates up to 13.8%. Chemical thromboprophylactic agents including low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are considered cost effective in reducing VTE risk. Evidence for anti-platelets including Aspirin for VTE prophylaxis is less compelling and is not supported as monotherapy. There has been no published data on patient compliance with LMWH in trauma outpatients. We aimed to determine whether trauma outpatients accept LMWH after discussing their VTE risk and the evidence for prophylaxis. For those accepting prophylaxis, we also investigated their compliance for the duration of immobilisation. Lower limb injured patients treated with external immobilisation over a 6 month period at our major trauma centre were included. On completion of immobilisation, they were requested to complete a 17-point questionnaire. Patients declining injectable subcutaneous LMWH as prophylaxis were offered Aspirin 75mg as a second line agent. Seventy-five questionnaires were completed and five were excluded. Nineteen patients required surgical intervention for their injury, 51 were managed non-operatively. Thirty-one patients accepted LMWH and 30 chose Aspirin as an alternative. Nine patients declined or were not commenced on prophylaxis. Nineteen reported no missed Aspirin doses and 25 reported no missed LMWH doses. No patients reported missed doses due to pain, side effects or cessation of treatment for another reason. The mean average pain score recorded on the VAS was 3.8. No patients in the study were diagnosed with a VTE. LMWH is a recognised chemical thromboprophylactic and is well tolerated by patients for VTE risk reduction in lower limb immobilised outpatients. With poor evidence supporting Aspirin as a solo prophylactic agent, our local policy has withdrawn Aspirin for this purpose.

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHING MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS AND THEIR SOLVING-PROBLEM ABILITIES TOWARD SCIENCE OF LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL STUDENTS AT THE 9TH GRADE LEVEL

The purposes of this research study were to develop solving-problems in science learning approach with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) instructional lesson plans to enhance students’ learning achievements and their solving-problem abilities in science with the efficiency of the processing performances and the performance results (E 1 /E 2 ) at the determining criteria as 80/80, students’ learning achievements of their post assessing test and the criteria learning outcomes at 80% with the PBL, and students’ solving-problem abilities and the criteria learning outcomes at 80% with the PBL toward science were compared, and to associate between students’ learning achievements and their solving-problem abilities with the PBL was analyzed. Administrations with a sample size which consisted of 48 lower secondary educational students at the 9 th grade level from Wapi Phatum School under the Maha Sarakham Secondary Educational Service Area Office 26 with the purposive sampling random technique was selected. Using the 6-main instructional PBL method’s lesson plans to management of the activity-based learning conceptual approach in 12 hours, the 30-item Learning Achievement Assessing Test (LAAT), and the 20-item Solving-Problem Ability Measuring Test (SPAMT) were used. Statistically significant with the average mean scores, standard deviation, percentage, independent variable t -test were analyzed, simple and multiple correlations, standardized regression weight validity, and coefficient predictive value ( R 2 ) were associated. The results of these research findings have revealed as: students were evaluated to determine performance criteria with the efficiency of the E 1 /E 2 results with the PBL method indicated that of 85.48/84.44, which was higher than standardized criteria of 80/80. Students’ learning achievements of their post assessing test and the scientific solving-problem learning ability outcomes at 80% with the PBL were differentiated that evidence at the 0.05 level, significantly. Students’ performances of their SPAMT and the criteria learning outcomes at 80% with the PBL toward science were also found of statistically significant that evidence of 0.01, differently. Associations between students’ learning outcomes of their LAAT and their SPAMT toward science, the R 2 value indicates that 67% of the variance in solving-problem abilities to their science class was attributable to their learning achievements of their Problem-Based Learning (PBL) instructional method toward science. Article visualizations:

DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITY-BASED LEARNING CONCEPTUAL APPROACH WITH THE STEM EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD ON THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS ISSUE AT THE 11TH GRADE LEVEL TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC THINKING ABILITIES

The purposes of this research study were to develop solving-problems in science learning approach with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) instructional lesson plans to enhance students’ learning achievements and their solving-problem abilities in science with the efficiency of the processing performances and the performance results (E 1 /E 2 ) at the determining criteria as 80/80, students’ learning achievements of their post assessing test and the criteria learning outcomes at 80% with the PBL, and students’ solving-problem abilities and the criteria learning outcomes at 80% with the PBL toward science were compared, and to associate between students’ learning achievements and their solving-problem abilities with the PBL was analyzed. Administrations with a sample size which consisted of 48 lower secondary educational students at the 9 th grade The aims of this research study were 1) to develop activity-based learning conceptual approach with the STEM Education instructional method on the photosynthesis issue to promote students’ learning achievements and their systematic thinking abilities at the 11 th grade level with the efficiency of the processing performances and the performance results (E 1 /E 2 ) at the determining criteria as 75/75, 2) to compare between students’ learning achievements of their pre-test and post-test assessments with the STEM Education instructional method on the photosynthesis issue, 3) to compare between students’ systematic thinking abilities of their pre- and post-learning activities that based on learning conceptual approach with the STEM Education instructional method on the photosynthesis issue, 4) to analyze of students’ associations between their learning achievements and their systematic thinking abilities with the post learning activities that based on learning conceptual approach with the STEM Education instructional method on the photosynthesis issue. Data administrations with a sample size consisted of 21 upper secondary educational students at the 11 th grade level from Mahawichanukul School under the Maha Sarakham Secondary Educational Service Area Office 26 with the purposive sampling random technique was selected. The research instruments were determined with a main-STEM Education instructional method’s lesson plan to management of the activity-based learning conceptual approach in 15 hours, the Learning Achievement Assessing Test , and the Systematic Thinking Ability Measuring Test were used. Statistically significant with the average mean score, standard deviation, percentage, independent variable t -test were analyzed, simple and multiple correlations, standardized regression weight validity, and coefficient predictive value ( R 2 ) were associated. The results of these research findings have revealed as: Students were evaluated to determine performance criteria with the efficiency of the processing performance and the performance results (E 1 /E 2 ) of the STEM Education instructional method’s lesson plan to management to the activity-based learning conceptual approach indicated that of 77.16/75.24, which was higher than standardized criteria of 75/75. Students’ learning achievements of their pre-test and post-test assessing differences were also found evidence of statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Students’ responses of their systematic thinking abilities to their previous and lately learning with the STEM Education instructional method’s lesson plan to management of the activity-based learning conceptual approach were differentiated evidence of 0.01, significantly. Associations between students’ performances of their learning achievements and their systematic thinking abilities toward their activity-based learning conceptual approach with the STEM Education instructional method on the photosynthesis class were considered together, there was a significant evidence of the 0.01 with the systematic thinking abilities, relatively. Article visualizations:

USING OF READING, ENCODING, ANNOTATING, AND PONDERING (REAP) TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION (A Classroom Action Research at Eighth Grade Students in MTSN 1 Kota Bengkulu in Academic years 2016)

AbstractThe researcher found the problem at MTSN 1 in the city of Bengkulu at grade VIII I that students got difficulty in comprehending reading texts, and in understanding meanings of words in paragraphs, and teachers techniques made the students bored. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to improve students’ reading comprehension through REAP techniques. The subject of the research is the students of grade VIII I consisting of 27 students, 14 female students and 13 male students. The instruments of the research are reading tets, observation sheetteacher and the students, interview guide and that for documentary study. The results of the research show that the REAP teachniques are effective in improving the students’ reading comprehension. The students got involved directly and were able to cooperate with their peers during the teaching-learning process. The research was conducted in two cycles an the test was administered at the end of each cycle. From the average mean scores, it could be seen that there was improvement of the the students’ reading ability. In cycle I, the mean score was 70.5 and in cycle 2, it was 78.7,and at the Post assessment, it was 82.2. It means that the students’ mean scores has reached the research target. Thus, it can be concluded that REAPtechniques can improve the students’ readng comprehension. Kata Kunci: REAP (Reading, Encoding, Annotating, and Pondering) technique, Students’ reading comprehension

Tibial nerve stimulation with a miniature, wireless stimulator in chronic peripheral neuropathic pain.

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can be effectively treated with peripheral nerve stimulation. In this clinical trial report, effectiveness of novel, miniature, wirelessly controlled microstimulator of tibial nerve in PNP and CRPS was evaluated. In this pilot study the average preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score in six patients was 7.5, with 1, 3 and 6 months: 2.6 (p=0.03), 1.6 (p=0.03), and 1.3 (p=0.02), respectively. The mean average score in the six patients a week preceding the baseline visit was 7.96, preceding the 1, 3 and 6 month visits: 3.32 (p=0.043), 3.65 (p=0.045), and 2.49 (p=0.002), respectively. The average short-form McGill pain score before surgery was 23.8, and after 1, 3 and 6 months it was 11.0 (p=0.45), 6.3 (p=0.043), and 4.5 (p=0.01), respectively. Applied therapy caused a reduction of pain immediately after its application and clinical improvement was sustained on a similar level in all patients for six months. No complications of the treatment were observed. Intermittent tibial nerve stimulation by using a novel, miniature, wirelessly controlled device can be effective and feasible in PNP and CRPS. It is a safe, minimally invasive, and convenient neuromodulative method.

Climate change perceptions and response strategies of forest fringe communities in Indian Eastern Himalaya

The study documented perception of forest fringe community of Chilapata reserve forest in West Bengal, India, from September 2013 to May 2015 through questionnaire-based personal in-depth interviews involving 400 respondents and group discussions. Adaptation strategies used by the community in response to impact of climate change were also documented. Majority of the respondents were farmers with marginal land holding. Almost all the respondents perceived the phenomena of climate change. The overall perception of the community toward change in temperature-related events and precipitation is high with average perception score of 0.74, while it is medium for change in regularity of climate events with score of 0.51. In spite of such perceptions, the community had low average livelihood impact perception score of 0.23. Considering the adaptation strategies based on knowledge–adoption index, the adaptation in response to climate change is at medium level with average mean score of 0.63. A total of 17 coping options were identified. Pre-monsoon dry seeding, agroforestry, crop rotation, short duration crop varieties and use of organic products were popular. The study recommend a need for scientists, government and non-government agents and other stakeholders to support efforts by farmers to adapt to effects of climate change through technological, policy and financial interventions with an aim of improving livelihoods and food security.

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ LEARNING PERFORMANCES OF THEIR SOCIAL GAMIFICATION FUNCTIONAL LEARNING ONLINE TO THEIR ENHANCING LEARNING BEHAVIORS TOWARD THEIR CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES

This paper is to report for developing a web-based form of social learning performances of the social gamification functional learning online to enhance behaviors and critical thinking abilities of undergraduate students, to assess the effectiveness of learning lessons that based on the development model in according to the Meguigans criteria, and to investigate of learning activities based on the theme of learning development were as the main purpose study which the sample size consisted of 28 full-time fleshy students who sat in the Computer Education Program, Faculty of Education in Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University. Administrations with the research instruments, such as; the Web-Based Lessons, the Learning Behavior Measurement, the Learning Achievement Test were used. Statistically significant was compared between students’ learning outcomes of their learning different learning functions with an average mean score and the standard deviation was analyzed. The results of these findings have indicated that: the quality of Web-based lessons from professional content on the web techniques and methods evidence at a high level. Students’ learning on the performance efficiency of the Web-based model was developed on the basis of Meguigans criteria as 1.06, which was more than one lesson on the Web efficiently. The effects of the learning activities as a form of social gamification functional learning online to the enhancing behaviors toward critical thinking abilities of undergraduate students, which revealed those students’ learning behaviors of in the usual form of learning that develop depended on to a large extent at the high level. Statistically significant was compared between the average scores of students’ critical thinking of their social gamification functional learning online and usual learning form was differenced at the level of 0.01. Students’ responses of their learning achievements in according to be developed the social gamification functional learning online was higher than their usual learning indicated that of 0.01, differentiated significantly. Article visualizations:

Instructional DVD video lesson with code switching: its effect on the performance level in dancing social dance among grade 10 special program in the art students of the Philippines

Abstract This paper shows that the experimental group who are exposed to DVD Video Lesson that uses code switching language has an average mean score in the pretest of 1.56, and this increased to an average mean of 3.50 in the posttest. The control group that uses DVD Video Lesson that uses purely English language got an average mean of 1.06 in the pretest and increased to 1.53 in the posttest. Based on the results of the performance posttest taken by the two groups, the experimental group has a dramatic increase in scores from the pretest to posttest. Although both groups had increased in their performance scores from pretest to posttest, the experimental group (code switching language) performs well in the posttest than the control group. As revealed in this findings , there is a significant difference in the posttest scores between the experimental group who are exposed to DVD lesson that uses code switching as a medium of instruction and the control group who are exposed to DVD lesson that uses English. The students who are exposed to the Video Lesson that uses code switching perform well than those students who are exposed in DVD video lesson that uses purely English language. DVD Video lesson that uses code switching as a medium of instruction in teaching social dance is the useful approach in teaching Grade 10 Special Program in the Art students. The language used (code switching) is the powerful medium of instruction that enhances the learning outcomes of the students to perform well. This paper could be an eye opener to the Department of Education to inculcate the used of first language/local language or MTB-MLE, not only in Grade I to III but all level in K to 12 programs, since education is a key factor for building a better nation.

Distribution of macrophages and plasma cells in apical periodontitis and their relationship with clinical and image data.

BackgroundMacrophages and plasma cells play a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of these cells in apical periodontitis and their distribution comparing with clinical and image data.Material and MethodsThirty-three lesions were selected and divided in two groups (17 periapical cysts and 16 periapical granulomas). Immunoreactions using anti-CD68 and anti-CD138 antibodies were carried out; image analysis was performed with an optical microscope and 5 high-power fields from each slide were evaluated leading to an average score of immunoexpression. This mean score was compared between the two groups and correlated with the clinical and image data.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) for the mean average score of CD68+ macrophages and CD138+ plasma cells when comparing the two groups (cysts x granulomas) and the specimens included in each specific group. No statistically significant differences (p >0.05) were also observed when comparing the average scores with clinical and image data.ConclusionsThe presence of CD68+ macrophages and CD138+ plasma cells was similar in periapical cysts and granulomas and the presence of these cells did not correlate with clinical and image data from both groups. Key words:Macrophages, plasma cells, apical periodontitis, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst.

Evaluation of training manuals for health workers in India in context of kangaroo mother care

Background: Kangaroo mother care is an efficacious intervention in preventing mortality in low birth weight babies. With increasing focus on providing home based newborn care in India, it is pertinent to train the frontline healthcare workers in necessary skills for care of low birth weight babies. Objective: The current review was undertaken to evaluate the content of training manuals of frontline health workers in context of care of low birth weight (LBW) babies and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Methods: A systematic extensive internet search was performed to identify training manuals available in public domain, and a targeted search was also done in the websites of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, and National Health System Resource Centre. Manuals published in or after the year 2000 and those in the English language were included in the review. A quality assessment tool was devised and the manuals were finally classified as “poor”, “fair”, “good” quality. Results: The initial search yielded 107 potentially eligible documents, however, a total of eight training manuals were finally found to be eligible for content evaluation. The mean average score for all the eight manuals was 17.0 (out of a total score of 48) and thus they were “fair” quality (aggregated per cent score of 35.4). Out of the eight training manuals, six had separate section on care of the LBW babies, though content on breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact was variable. None of the manuals provided case studies/ scenarios or introduced challenges to effective initiation and continuation of KMC. Conclusion: Current training manuals lack quality content on care of LBW babies and KMC and need to be upgraded with evidence-based information.

Association of family history of bipolar disorder with risk of violence in inpatient mania: a cohort study

Background Evidence suggests that a positive family history of bipolar affective disorder is associated with response to lithium and the course of the illness, in people suffering from this disorder. This may indicate a subgroup of patients with unique characteristics and treatment responses. Aims To explore associations between a positive family history of bipolar disorder and the risk of violence, in patients hospitalized for treatment of mania. Methods Adults receiving inpatient treatment for a manic relapse of bipolar affective disorder, at two tertiary care hospitals in Kandy, Sri Lanka were studied as a cohort. For each participant with a positive family history of bipolar disorder, an age and gender matched adult, also suffering from a manic relapse of bipolar affective disorder but without a family history, was included as a control. A second researcher, who was blind to the participants’ family history, assessed the risk of violence among all participants, at baseline, and at weekly intervals thereafter until discharge, using the historical clinical risk management Scale 20 (HCR-20). Results A total of 148 participants were included, with 74 each in the study arm and control arm respectively. Of all participants, 57% were females. Significantly higher rates of unemployment, harmful use of alcohol and absence of confiding relationships were found in participants with a positive family history; they also had a significantly higher mean average HCR-20 scores compared to controls. Conclusion A positive family history of bipolar affective disorder was associated with a higher risk of violence during hospitalization for a manic relapse, as indicated by the mean average HCR-20 scores. A positive family history may be a potential identifier of those at a higher risk of violence in bipolar mania.

Assessment of Smell Function in Syndromic Craniosynostosis Patients.

Craniosynostosis is defined as premature fusion of the cranial suture lines and is part of a syndrome in 15% to 40% of the patients. There is limited literature available regarding these children's ability to smell. Most of them will undergo numerous surgical procedures, some of which may alter their sense of smell, potentially leading to significant social as well as safety implications. Ethical approval was obtained for this pilot study. Children with syndromic craniosynostosis were recruited and underwent anterior rhinoscopy, prior to performing a smell test utilizing the Sensonic pediatric Smell wheel. The results were compared to an age-matched control group. Eight children with syndromic craniosynostosis participated in the study. Of a possible total score of 11, their mean average score was 6.6 and the median was 6. In comparison, the mean average score for the control group was 7.5 and the median was 7. Although the study group was small, this pilot study demonstrates that children with syndromic craniosynostosis have a similar ability to identify smells to an age-matched cohort. Further research can now be undertaken to see whether or not midface advancement procedures affect these children's sense of smell.

Sleep Hygiene Practices and Their Relation to Sleep Quality in Medical Students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

Introduction: Poor quality of sleep is a distressing and worrying condition that can disturb academic performance of medical students. Sleep hygiene practices are one of the important variables that affect sleep quality. The objective of this study was to assess association between sleep hygiene practices and sleep quality of medical students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods:In this descriptive-correlational study, a total of 285 medical students completed a self-administered questionnaire. Demographic data, sleep-wake schedule in weekday and weekend, and sleep duration were collected. Students' sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed by SPSS Ver 13. Results: Overall, 164 (57.5) of students had poor sleep quality. Mean global PSQI score and average score of four subscales were significantly higher in male than female. Regression analysis showed that male students (β=-0.85, P<0.05), students at senior level (β=-0.81, P<0.05), married students (β=-0.45, P<0.05), and those with improper sleep hygiene practices slept worse. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of poor sleep quality in medical students is high. Improper sleep hygiene behaviors might be a reason for poor quality of sleep in medical students.

Functional fitness: A key to independent and active living in the later age

Aging is a biological process and is associated with decrease in the physical activity level. With the aim of assessing the functional fitness level of senior citizens, sample size comprised of 90 i.e. 45 males and 45 females (15 male and 15 female from each age group viz. 60-64 year 65-69 year and 70-74 year) were chosen conveniently from Haldwani Block of district Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. The Senior Fitness Test was conducted to collect experimental data. With age, lower body strength of males changes but not in case of females. The other functional parameters amongst males and females i.e. upper Body Strength, lower and Upper Body Flexibility, AerobicEndurance and Balance does not depend on the age. Out of six parameters of functional fitness, it was found that the average mean score of lower body strength (5.96), upper body strength (3.52) and aerobic endurance (4.85) of males and females are highly significant at 1% level of significant while average upper body flexibility (2.52) of males and females were significant at 5 % level of significance. With time, society has witnessed significant changes in lifestyle pattern, arising nuclear family groups, dual-earner families, competitiveness and rural-urban or cross-country immigration among young children. The scenario thus further placed need to lay emphasis onfunctional fitness of elderly population so that the older parents who are living alone can be functionally active and independent and care and rare themselves. Assessing the functional level of elderly can serve as a preventive measure prior to any functional limitations.

GUIDED READING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION

The Guided Reading Strategy (GRS) was used in a Classroom Action Research (CAR) in order to find out whether it could improve the students reading comprehension or not. This CAR was aimed to study the implementation procedures of GRS trying to improve the reading comprehension of students. The average mean score (AMS) from the initial test of the students was 67. Then after cycle I, the AMS was 71, which was still qualified with score of “C”. Following the second cycle, the AMS went up to 81 which meant that there was an improvement of 10 points and brought the AMS up to level “B” which was qualified as “good”. This met the criteria set for successful improvement. The activity performance of the students in cycle I averaged 2.43 and went up to 3.01 in cycle II which met the criteria for “good” and for success in the indicator set. The activity performance of the researcher in cycle I averaged 2.39 and rose to 3.10 in cycle II which also met the criteria for “good” and for success. From the questionnaire to measure the response of the students toward the use of the GRS 90 % chose “agree or strongly agree” which was considered as a positive response. This met the criteria for success for improving the reading comprehension abilities of the sample students.

Microsurgical skill acquisition in a one-day introductory course with performance evaluation using software-assisted scoring system

Recent emphasis on microsurgical skill acquisition at an earlier stage of plastic surgery training has seen a shift toward objective competence-based assessment. Yet no objective measures of spacing or alignment exist, with few validated models that assess ability. The authors propose a novel software analysis scoring system to objectively measure spacing, alignment and the overall improvement in a 1-day, introductory course setting. Images of standard 4-mm latex strips that had been sutured by participants using the Microtrainer system were uploaded onto calibrated, online software. Sutures were analysed with regard to spacing, alignment and density. From these measurements, a total score was calculated, one on initial assessment at the course beginning (Score 1) and another on final assessment at the course end (Score 2), thereby facilitating measurement of the overall improvement. A total of 38 microsurgical anastomoses from 19 participants ranging from postgraduate years 1-7 were analysed. Seventeen participants had no previous experience of microsurgery. The mean average Score 1 of participants was -2 (range -12 to +22) and Score 2 was 22 (range +12 to +32), thus showing a significant improvement in candidate ability throughout the course of the day (p<0.0001). Microtrainer system software analysis provides a novel, reliable, and consistent objective assessment for surgical trainees at all stages of training, without risk to patients. It has an associated cost for the initial setup, yet is timely, repeatable and can efficiently demonstrate progress in a 1-day course setting.

MP72-13 SHIP-1 ACTIVATION PROVIDES SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME: RESULTS OF A PHASE 2 RANDOMIZED PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Interstitial Cystitis1 Apr 2016MP72-13 SHIP-1 ACTIVATION PROVIDES SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME: RESULTS OF A PHASE 2 RANDOMIZED PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL J. Curtis Nickel, Blair Egerdie, Edward Davis, Robert Evans, Heidi Biagi, and Stephen Shrewsbury J. Curtis NickelJ. Curtis Nickel More articles by this author , Blair EgerdieBlair Egerdie More articles by this author , Edward DavisEdward Davis More articles by this author , Robert EvansRobert Evans More articles by this author , Heidi BiagiHeidi Biagi More articles by this author , and Stephen ShrewsburyStephen Shrewsbury More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.1626AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES AQX-1125, a novel SH2-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) activator represents a novel once-daily, oral therapy for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS). We conducted a 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 RCT to assess the safety and efficacy of AQX-1125 in addition to existing therapy on daily bladder pain using e-diaries and in standardized BPS questionnaires. METHODS 69 women with moderate to severe IC/BPS, having had cystoscopy to exclude other disease within 3 years and a baseline mean pain score of ≥5, urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia were randomized to daily 200 mg AQX-1125 or placebo for 6 weeks. Daily average and maximal pain scores and urinary frequency were recorded by e-diary and in the clinic. The O′Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Indexes (ICSI/PI), Bladder Pain IC Symptom Score (BPIC-SS) and Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12v2) questionnaires were administered. Safety data was collected through 6 weeks treatment and 4 weeks follow up. RESULTS At six weeks, the mean average e-diary pain score (primary efficacy outcome) and clinic average pain as well as maximum pain (e-diary and clinic recorded) and percent change in mean average pain score had decreased more in the 37 patients treated with AQX-1125 than placebo (see Table). Significant statistical differences at 6 weeks in the AQX-1125 group compared to placebo group for change from baseline were noted for the mean ICSI, ICPI and BPIC-SS (see Table). Urinary voiding frequency and SF-12v2 scores also improved. No safety issues were noted in either group. CONCLUSIONS AQX-1125 provided greater reduction in bladder pain and symptoms at 6 weeks, compared to placebo in women with moderate to severe IC/BPS and was well tolerated. Further clinical studies with AQX-1125 for IC/BPS are planned in 2016. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e957 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information J. Curtis Nickel More articles by this author Blair Egerdie More articles by this author Edward Davis More articles by this author Robert Evans More articles by this author Heidi Biagi More articles by this author Stephen Shrewsbury More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

간호대학생의 임상실습 감정노동과 자아존중감, 전공만족도 관계

본 연구는 간호대학생의 임상실습에 대한 자아존중감, 감정노동과 전공만족도 관계를 파악하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 B광역시와 K도 소재 임상실습을 경험한 199명의 간호학생을 대상으로 하였으며, 연구기간은 2015년 8월 3일부터 8월 17일까지이었다. 자료 분석결과 간호대학생의 자아존중감, 감정노동, 전공만족도는 3.53, 3.26, and 3.46점(5점 척도)이었고, 상관관계 분석에서 자아존중감은 전공만족도에 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면 감정노동은 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 전공만족도에 영향을 미치는 회귀분석결과는 대학생활만족도, 학업성적, 자아존중감 이었다. 이들 변수의 설명력은 34%였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 전공만족도를 위해서 대학생활만족도, 자아존중감, 학업성적 관리가 요구된다. This study was done to identify the relationship between emotional labor, self-esteem, and major satisfaction of clinical practice among nursing students. Participants were 199 nursing students who had clinical practice that located in B- city and K- do during the period from August 3rd to 17th, 2015. The average mean scores for self esteem, emotional labor, and major satisfaction were 3.53, 3.26 and 3.46 (5 scale). Pearson's correlation revealed self esteem had a significant positive effect on major satisfaction, while emotional labor had a negative effect on major satisfaction. Factors having a significant influence on major satisfaction included self esteem, satisfaction of college life, and level of academic scores. These factors explained 34.0% of variance in major satisfaction. Thus, the satisfaction of college life, self esteem, and academic score were required to manage for major satisfaction of nursing students.