Average Pore Diameter Research Articles

Adsorption Pore Volume Distribution Heterogeneity of Middle and High Rank Coal Reservoirs and Determination of Its Influencing Factors

Heterogeneity of adsorption pore volume distribution affects desorption and diffusion processes of coal reservoirs. In this paper, N2 and CO2 adsorption and desorption experiment tests were used to study the pore structure of middle and high rank coal reservoirs in the study area. The fractal theory of volume and surface area is used to achieve a full-scale fractal study of adsorption pores (pore diameter is less than 100 nm) in the study area. Firstly, adaptability and control factors of volume fractals and surface area fractals within the same aperture scale range are studied. Secondly, fractal characteristics of micro-pores and meso-pores are studied. Thirdly, fractal characteristics within different aperture scales and the influencing factors of fractal characteristics within different scale ranges are studied. The results are as follows. With the increase in coal rank, pore volume and specific surface area of pores less than 0.8 nm increase, and dominant pore size changes from 0.55~0.8 nm (middle coal rank) to 0.5~0.7 nm (high coal rank). As coal rank increases, TPV and average pore diameter (APD) decrease under the BJH model, while SSA changes are not significant under the BET model. Moreover, as the pore diameter decreases, the correlation between the integral dimension of pore volume and degree of coal metamorphism decreases. This result can provide a theoretical basis for the precise characterization of the target coal seam pore and fracture structure and support the optimization of favorable areas for coalbed methane.

A Facile Strategy for Freeze-Drying Preparation of Silica Aerogel from Sodium Silicate

A Facile Strategy for Freeze-Drying Preparation of Silica Aerogel from Sodium Silicate

Novel biocomposite of ionic cross-linked chitosan and acid-treated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel agro-waste for highly efficient removal of methylene blue dye from water.

In this study, a biocomposite material (CS-OXA/PP-SA) composed of ionic crosslinked chitosan-oxalate (CS-OXA) and chemically modified lignocellulosic biomass (potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel-H2SO4 acid, PP-SA) was synthesized to serve as a bioadsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from aquatic systems. The research utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effects of three variables: CS-OXA/PP-SA dosage (0.02 to 0.08g), pH (4 to 10), and duration (10 to 40min) on MB dye adsorption. The investigation of the BET surface area of the CS-OXA/PP-SA composite revealed that it had a total pore volume of 0.0261cm3/g, a surface area of 8.26m2/g, and an average pore diameter of 12.67nm. The XRD pattern shows a peak at 20.5°, confirming the crystalline CS within the composite, and another at 35°, attributed to the (004) crystal plane of cellulose in PP-SA. These peaks verify the successful integration of CS and PP-SA into the biocomposite. The optimal conditions identified include an adsorbent dose of 0.055g, a solution pH of approximately 10, and a contact duration of 29.8min. The optimal MB dye removal efficiency achieved under these parameters was 90.9%. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of MB onto CS-OXA/PP-SA aligns closely with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, suggesting a physisorption-dominated process. Additionally, the adsorption isotherm fitting to the Freundlich model highlights the heterogeneous nature of the adsorbent surface and the multilayer adsorption mode. The CS-OXA/PP-SA composite demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 314.92mg/g for MB dye. The adsorption mechanism is attributed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and n-π stacking interactions. The findings suggest that CS-OXA/PP-SA is a highly effective bioadsorbent for treating dye-contaminated wastewater. This study introduces a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to developing efficient adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes from contaminated water. The biocomposite demonstrates high adsorption capacity, cost-effective production, and renewable sources, offering an innovative and practical solution for wastewater treatment while adhering to green chemistry principles.

Synthesis and Optimization of Snake Fruit Peel Ash-Derived Silica for Iron (Fe) Removal from Batik Wastewater

The byproduct of the batik industry is a liquid waste containing heavy metals like iron (Fe) which can be harmful to the environment and aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to synthesize and optimize silica derived from snake fruit peel ash as an adsorbent for iron (Fe) in the liquid waste of the batik industry. Snake fruit peel is often overlooked as waste and is identified to have a high silica content. The research method was carried out in the calcination process at a temperature of 650°C for 1 hour to convert and change the snake fruit peel powder into ash, then extracted using a 2M HCl solution. The final stage of silica synthesis is drying and grinding. The Silica characterization was analyzed using the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) tests. The metal content in the waste was analyzed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The results showed that the silica from snake fruit peel ash contains silica constituent groups, namely silanol (Si-OH), as an active site for the adsorption process. The surface area of the silica is around 56.347 m2/g, the total pore volume is about 0.0193 cc/g, and the average pore diameter is approximately 26.6745 mm. The application test on batik liquid waste showed a decrease in Fe concentration from 0.487 mg/L to 0.343 mg/L at contact time of 60 minutes. This research proves that silica from snake fruit peel ash offers an innovative and sustainable solution for the treatment of batik industry liquid waste and in other liquid waste processing.

In Situ Synthesis of Zr-Doped Mesoporous Silica Based on Zr-Containing Silica Residue and Its High Adsorption Efficiency for Methylene Blue

Zr-containing silica residue (ZSR) is an industrial by-product of ZrOCl2 production obtained through an alkali fusion process using zircon sand. In this study, low-cost and efficient Zr-doped mesoporous silica adsorption materials (Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-SBA-15) were prepared in one step via the hydrothermal synthesis method using ZSR as the silicon source for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from dye-contaminated wastewater. The samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The findings indicate that the synthesized Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-SBA-15 possess highly ordered mesoscopic structures with high specific surface areas of 910 and 846 m2/g, large pore volumes of 1.098 and 1.154 cm3/g, and average pore diameters of 4.18 and 5.35 nm, respectively. The results of the adsorption experiments show that the adsorbent has better adsorption properties under alkaline conditions. The adsorption process obeys the pseudo-quadratic kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, indicating the coexistence of physical and chemisorption processes. The maximum adsorption capacities of Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-SBA-15 are 618.43 and 516.58 mg/g, respectively, as calculated by the Langmuir model (pH = 9, temperature of 25 °C). Compared with mesoporous silica prepared with sodium silicate as the silicon source, Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-SBA-15 have different structural properties and better adsorption properties due to Zr doping. These findings indicate that ZSR is the preferred silicon source for preparing mesoporous silica, and the mesoporous silica prepared using Zr silicon slag is a promising adsorbent and has great application potential in wastewater treatment.

Atmospheric Water Sorption Kinetics in Powder and Monolithic Metal–Organic Frameworks

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely applied for adsorption applications owing to their high surface area and porosity. In this paper, the atmospheric water adsorption kinetics in a prototypical MOF with two forms, that is, powder and monolithic MOF‐801, are systematically investigated. It is shown that the total pore volume (average pore diameter) of the monolithic MOF‐801 is 0.831 cm3 g−1 (5.20 nm) which is much larger than that of powder MOF‐801, that is, 0.488 cm3 g−1 (1.95 nm). Monolithic MOF‐801 absorbs more water than powder MOF‐801 at a relative humidity (RH) above 90%. However, between the RH ranges from 10% to 90%, its water uptake is significantly lower than that of the powder form. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the unexpected water uptake capacity of monolithic MOF‐801 at RH of 10%∼90% is caused by the water film formed by the capillary condensation in these mesopores of monolithic MOF‐801. The capillary force of the formed film can be overcome by water vapor pressure when RH is over 90%. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms for water adsorption kinetics in both powder and monolithic MOFs, which can motivate and benefit the new passive cooling or water harvesting system design based on MOFs.

Characterization of the Porosity and Permeability of Gasified Coal in UCG Process: An Experimental and Simulation Study.

Under the environment of energy transformation in the world, underground coal gasification (UCG) is an important means to realize the green and clean development and utilization of deep coal resources. Due to a series of complex chemical reactions, the porosity and permeability of coal have changed significantly. Accurately characterizing the porosity and permeability of gasified coal is of great significance to the field screening, production control, and numerical simulation of the UCG project. In this study, the porosity and permeability of coal samples are studied by means of experiment and numerical simulation, respectively. Subsequently, a predictive model for porosity-permeability relationships is established with its feasibility verified by comparison to previous experimental results. In the experimental phase, a nitrogen atmosphere simulates pyrolysis conditions, while an air atmosphere replicates gasification environments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to characterize the porosity and permeability changes in heat-treated coal samples. For the numerical simulation component, through the analysis of UCG physical and chemical processes, the UCG three-dimensional numerical simulation model at the field scale is established by using CMG-STARS simulation software, and the changes in porosity and permeability during coal gasification are analyzed. The result shows that following heat treatment experiments, the average equivalent pore diameter of the coal sample increases to 0.748 μm, an increase of 493.65%, with general expansion observed across pore diameters. Additionally, the average shape factor decreases from 3.20 to 2.584, suggesting enhanced roundness in the porosity characteristics. Post-heat treatment observations reveal an increase in pore quantity alongside expanded diameters, thus indicating significant alterations in pore structure. Through 3D UCG numerical simulation, the evolution of coal porosity and permeability is categorized into three distinct stages: 25-320, 320-750, and 750-1000 °C. This categorization reflects the evolutionary model of the pore structure during coal gasification. In the predictive model, the permeability of coal during pyrolysis and gasification is represented as an exponential function of the porosity. As the porosity increases, the growth rate of permeability initially rises slowly before gradually accelerating. Furthermore, it is observed that in the gasification process, the increase in coal permeability with respect to porosity is less pronounced than that observed during pyrolysis. The findings presented in this paper hold significant implications for field screening, process design, and optimization of UCG applications.

Detoxification of dairy industry effluent from toxic metal ions: Preparation and characterization of a magnetized adsorbent derived from agricultural residues

This study investigated the potential of a mixture of agricultural wastes for the preparation of an adsorbent and evaluated its efficiency in removing Co(II) and Cu(II) ions. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a surface area of 89.57 m2/g, a total pore volume of 4.92 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 43.26 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed a layered structure, uniform pore distribution, and successful adsorption of cobalt and copper ions. Vibrating sample magnetometry analysis demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization of 52.8 emu/g. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified oxygen-containing functional groups formed during activation, which significantly enhanced the adsorbent’s adsorption capacity. Equilibrium data for pollutant adsorption were well-described by the Freundlich isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 91.7 mg/g for Co(II) and 89.9 mg/g for Cu(II). At 50 °C, the correlation coefficients (R2) were determined to be 0.969 for Co(II) and 0.960 for Cu(II). Under optimal conditions, 75 mg of adsorbent at 50 °C, pH 6.5, and 30 min, the adsorbent achieved 92–93% removal of pollutants from real dairy effluent and 95–96% from synthetic effluent. The process highlights its potential as a sustainable solution for dairy effluent treatment and agricultural waste management, with scalability for industrial applications.

Tunable Bicontinuous Macroporous Cell Culture Scaffolds via Kinetically Controlled Phase Separation.

3D scaffolds enable biological investigations with a more natural cell conformation. However, the porosity of synthetic hydrogels is often limited to the nanometer scale, which confines the movement of 3D encapsulated cells and restricts dynamic cell processes. Precise control of hydrogel porosity across length scales remains a challenge and the development of porous materials that allow cell infiltration, spreading, and migration in a manner more similar to natural ECM environments is desirable. Here, a straightforward and reliable method is presented for generating kinetically-controlled macroporous biomaterials using liquid-liquid phase separation between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran. Photopolymerization-induced phase separation resulted in macroporous hydrogels with tunable pore size. Varying light intensity and hydrogel composition controlled polymerization kinetics, time to percolation, and complete gelation, which defined the average pore diameter (Ø = 1-200 µm) and final gel stiffness of the formed hydrogels. Critically, for biological applications, macroporous hydrogels are prepared from aqueous polymer solutions at physiological pH and temperature using visible light, allowing for direct cell encapsulation. Human dermal fibroblasts in a range of macroporous gels are encapsulated with different pore sizes. Porosity improved cell spreading with respect to bulk gels and allowed migration in the porous biomaterials.

The adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) on straw biochar and their Fenton-like performance for ciprofloxacin decontamination.

In this study, the adsorption of aqueous Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) on biochars at diverse synthesized temperatures was evaluated. The optimal sample BC-800 achieved superior adsorption performance of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) at 10-50mgL-1 initial concentration. Due to the larger surface area (349.6m2/g), total pore volume (0.24cm3/g), average pore diameter (6.4nm), higher degree of graphitization (IG/ID=1.00) and stable aromatic carbon structure, BC-800 achieved excellent adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) through multilayer chemical adsorption, corresponding to the pseudo-2nd-order and Freundlich model (Qm Cu(Ⅱ)=433.4mgg-1, Qm Fe(Ⅱ)=472.0mgg-1 and Qm Co(Ⅱ)=301.0mgg-1). After then, the adsorbed biochars with Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Co(Ⅱ) were directly used as heterogeneous catalysts in Fenton-like reaction for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Compared with Co-BC-800/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system, Co-BC-800/H2O2 system exhibited the 56.6% decontamination of CIP with lower ions leaching (0.53mg/L) within 70min. The 97.9% of CIP was finally removed by Co-BC-800/H2O2 under optimized conditions: initial pH=6.94, catalyst dosage=1.0gL-1, H2O2 concentration=0.44gL-1. Furthermore, Co-BC-800 exhibited superior acid-base adaptability (2.94-10.94) and anti-anion interference ability. The removal of CIP was achieved by the synergistic effect of adsorption and oxidative degradation. This study proposes some insights into the behavior and mechanism of metal ions adsorption on biochar and hazardous waste treatment.

Influence of hydroxyethyl cellulose on the stability of foamed concrete

As a lightweight material, foamed concrete has been widely used in construction because of its excellent lightweight properties, heat preservation and sound absorption. However, due to its low strength, its further application is limited. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was employed in this study to modify the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) based foaming agent to enhance the stability and performance of foamed concrete. The effects of HEC content on foam stability, bleeding, fluidity, strength, water absorption and internal pore structure were systematically investigated. The results indicate that as the HEC content increases, the foam stability improves, while the fluidity and water absorption of the foamed concrete slurry decrease. Compared with the control group (without HEC), the content of 0.15% HEC increased the 28-day compressive strength by 33.66%, reaching 2.75 MPa. Furthermore, HEC optimized the pore structure, significantly reducing the average pore diameter. When the HEC content reached 2%, the proportion of small pores was approximately 99%. These findings suggest that HEC effectively improves the overall performance of foamed concrete, offering a theoretical foundation for its broader application in engineering.

Effective methylene blue dye removal using groundnut shell-activated nanocarbon

Activated carbon derived from lignocellulose-rich groundnut shells was synthesized through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to enhance its surface area and porosity. The activation process involved impregnation with KOH and carbonization at elevated temperatures, resulting in groundnut shell-activated nanocarbon (GSANC) with highly developed micro and mesoporous structures. The KOH activation significantly improved the materials' surface area, creating numerous active sites that enhanced its adsorption capacity. This material demonstrated excellent compatibility for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions, with its adsorption process being driven by electrostatic interactions, ?-? stacking, and hydrogen bonding. The high affinity of GSANC for MB highlights its potential as an effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. GSANC exhibited a type I N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm with an H4 hysteresis loop, indicating a mixture of micro and mesopores, a high specific surface area of 665.802 m²/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.97 nm. Its maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for MB was 212.766 mg/g.

Enhanced Adsorption of Methylene Blue dye using Groundnut Shell Activated Nanocarbon: A Sustainable Approach

In this work, activated nanocarbon derived from lignocellulose-rich groundnut shells was synthesized by KOH impregnation to enhance surface area and porosity, resulting in Groundnut Shell Activated Nanocarbon (GSANC) and thoroughly characterized for its porosity, particle size, crystallinity, combustion profile, functional groups, and surface morphology. It exhibited a type I N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm with an H4 hysteresis loop, indicative of a mix of micro and mesopores, with a high specific surface area of 665.80 m² g-1 and an average pore diameter of 2.97 nm. This nanoparticulate activated carbon exhibited exceptional performance in methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 212.76 mg g-1. The adsorption mechanisms included electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding, contributing significantly to its efficacy as an adsorbent highlighting its potential for applications in wastewater treatment.

Maximizing Nano-Silica Efficiency in Laboratory-Simulated Recycled Concrete Aggregate via Prior Accelerated Carbonation: An Effective Strategy to Up-Cycle Construction Wastes.

Herein, the study explores a composite modification approach to enhance the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in sustainable construction by combining accelerated carbonation (AC) and nano-silica immersion (NS). RCA, a major source of construction waste, faces challenges in achieving comparable properties to virgin aggregates. Nano-silica, a potent pozzolan, is added to fill micro-cracks and voids in RCA, improving its bonding and strength. AC pretreatment accelerates RCA's natural carbonation, forming calcium carbonate that strengthens the aggregate and reduces porosity. Due to the complexity of the original RCA, a laboratory-simulated RCA (LS-RCA) is used in this study for the mechanism analysis. Experimental trials employing the composite methodology have exhibited noteworthy enhancements, with the crushing index diminishing by approximately 23% and water absorption rates decreasing by up to 30%. Notably, the modification efficacy is more pronounced when applied to RCA derived from common-strength concrete (w/c of 0.5) as compared to high-strength concrete (w/c of 0.35). This disparity stems from the inherently looser structural framework and greater abundance of detrimental crystal structures in the former, which impede strength. Through a synergistic interaction, the calcium carbonate content undergoes a substantial increase, nearly doubling, while the proportion of calcium hydrate undergoes a concurrent reduction of approximately 30%. Furthermore, the combined modification effect leads to a 15% reduction in total porosity and a constriction of the average pore diameter by roughly 20%, ultimately resulting in pore refinement that equates the performance of samples with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5 to those with a ratio of 0.35. This remarkable transformation underscores the profound modification potential of the combination approach. This study underscores the efficacy of harnessing accelerated carbonation in conjunction with nano-silica as a strategic approach to optimizing the utilization of RCA in concrete mixes, thereby bolstering their performance metrics and enhancing sustainability.

Study of the Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of the Leping Formation Shale in the Junlian Block, Southern Sichuan Basin.

The pore structure of shale is a key factor affecting the occurrence and flow of shale gas, and fractal dimensions can be used to quantitatively describe the complexity of the shale pore structure. In this study, the Leping Formation shale in the Junlian block of the southern Sichuan Basin was investigated. The pore structure characteristics of this shale were examined via low-pressure CO2 adsorption (LP-CO2A) and low-temperature N2 adsorption (LT-N2A) methods via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), shale geochemistry, and mineral composition analysis. Pore fractal dimensions were calculated via the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) model, and the relationships among the fractal dimensions, shale composition (total organic carbon (TOC), quartz, and clay mineral contents), and pore structure were discussed. The results revealed that the TOC contents of the Leping Formation shale in the study area were high and ranged from 0.9% to 4.48%, with an average of 2.25%. The quartz contents were 17.2% to 60.1%, and the clay mineral contents were 33.8% to 67.2%. On the basis of the FE-SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption curve analyses, the pore types of the Leping Formation shale were complex and significantly variable in terms of the scale and development of organic pores, intragranular pores, and microfractures. The pore morphologies were mostly narrow slit-type flat pores and four-sided open or cone-type flat pores. The pore size distribution exhibited a multimodal pattern. The pore type was mainly mesopores, followed by micropores and minimal macropores. The specific surface area (SSA) of micropores accounted for more than 78% of the total SSA. The fractal dimension D 1 of the shale ranged from 2.262 to 2.618 (with a mean of 2.519), and the fractal dimension D 2 ranged from 2.662 to 2.843 (with a mean of 2.739). D 2 was greater than D 1, indicating that the internal structure of the pores was significantly more complex than that of the surface. The TOC and clay mineral contents were positively correlated with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) SSA and the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) PV, whereas the quartz content was negatively correlated with the BET SSA and BJH PV. The considered fractal dimensions were positively correlated with the TOC content, clay mineral content, BET SSA, and BJH PV but negatively correlated with the quartz content and average pore diameter. The complexity and heterogeneity of the pore structure of the studied shale were quantitatively evaluated through fractal dimension analysis; thus, this approach can be applied in studies of the characteristics of the shale pore structure distribution and reservoir evaluation.

Shape Memory Behavior of Polyacrylamide/Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Aerogel

ABSTRACTThe development of lightweight, stimuli‐responsive materials remains a significant challenge in materials science. Shape memory aerogels represent a promising category of smart materials, yet their widespread application has been limited by performance constraints. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels enhanced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and transformed into aerogels through freeze‐drying. The obtained aerogels were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry, weighing method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the aerogels possessed high porosity (over 80%), low density (0.098 g cm−3), high specific surface area (152 m2 g−1), and an average pore diameter of 1280 nm. Electrical conductivity analysis demonstrated an electrical percolation threshold at 2.5 wt.% of MWCNTs. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis indicated a 400% increase in the Young's modulus in the presence of nanoparticles. The mentioned aerogel exhibited shape memory behavior under direct thermal stimulation, and the results also showed that the shape recovery ratio and shape recovery speed of the nanocomposite aerogel were 14% and 74% higher than those of the PAAm aerogel, respectively. The enhancements in mechanical and shape memory properties, combined with inherent lightweight nature, suggest promising applications across various technical fields, from aerospace to biomedical engineering.

Unraveling the modulation art of ordered nanomesh-like hydration product on fiber-cement interfaces: Insights from fishing net inspiration

Unraveling the modulation art of ordered nanomesh-like hydration product on fiber-cement interfaces: Insights from fishing net inspiration

Improving the performance of crumb rubber concrete using waste ultrafine glass powder

Improving the performance of crumb rubber concrete using waste ultrafine glass powder

Anti-icing and temperature-rising behavior of Superhydrophobic nanoporous Aluminum conductor by anodic oxidation

Abstract Superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively investigated as a surface treatment strategy for anti-icing applications. Given the complex structure of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) used in overhead power lines, anodizing technology is regarded as a suitable method for industrial-scale preparation of such surfaces. In this study, the fabricated superhydrophobic aluminum wire exhibited an average pore diameter of 346 nm and a porosity of 60%, conferring good hydrophobicity (CA=155.6°, SA=8.2°). The anti-icing tests revealed that the treated hydrophobic aluminum demonstrated decreased ice adhesion strength and exhibited effective anti-frosting behavior. Temperature-rise tests showed that the superhydrophobic aluminum conductors could enhance the load capacity of the bare conductors by 37.6%, primarily due to the enhanced heat dissipation properties of the porous structure. Furthermore, the temperature-rise curves obtained under the wind speed indicated that the pronounced heat dissipation on ACSRs. This suggests that the prepared superhydrophobic aluminum line is capable of more effectively reducing transmission temperatures in the actual overhead environments. Therefore, the anodized nanoporous structures have good application prospects in high voltage fields for the anti-icing and heat dissipation effects.

A Sustainable Nanoporous Adsorbent for Reducing Amoxicillin in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Magnetic Tea Waste Hydrochar

AbstractIn this research, a sustainable approach to augmenting nanoporous and high‐capacity adsorbents widely employed in amoxicillin (AMX) removal from pharmaceutical wastewater was introduced in this study. Iron oxide particles were incorporated into tea factory waste material under microwave hydrothermal carbonization, aiming to produce a green and enhanced magnetic adsorbent material. The chemical structure, morphology, and surface charge of the magnetic tea waste hydrochar (MTWHC) were characterized. The results show that the synthesized nanoporous magnetic tea waste hydrochar has an average pore diameter of 1.90 nm. The value of the SBET was measured at about 30.22 cm2/g for the MTWHC. Furthermore, the adsorbent showed a remarkable maximum removal efficiency of 93.8%, highlighting its significant potential for implementation in wastewater treatment. The Freundlich isotherm was a good fit to the experimental data, indicating that the multilayer adsorption mechanism is responsible for its compatibility and an adsorption capacity of 3.2047 mg/g was measured using this method. This approach not only introduces an environmentally friendly modification to a widely used material but also highlights the potential of magnetic tea waste hydrochar as an innovative additive in composite matrices. This research is an important contribution to the ongoing development of advanced, sustainable composites with a lower environmental impact.