Average Number Of Cells Research Articles

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with severe and nonsevere COVID-19 in Kermanshah, west of Iran: A retrospective study.

The study aimed to collect and compare clinical and laboratory findings of children with severe and nonsevere COVID-19 in Kermanshah City, located in the west of Iran. The study was conducted on 500 children withCOVID-19 hospitalized in Mohammad-Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah City. PediatricCOVID-19 was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test using respiratory secretion samples. Medical records were reviewed and information related to demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT)scans were all extracted from electronic and paper records. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of the disease: mild, moderate, and severe. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between the groups and the collected data were analyzed by statistical methods. Out of 500 patients, 286 were boys and 214 were girls. Of the patients, 321 cases were onlyCOVID-19, while 179 patients were diagnosed as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)positive. The average age ofCOVID-19 patients was 3.85 ± 4.48 and of MIS-Cpatients was 3.1 ± 3.5. In order, fever, cough, and heart disorders were the most common symptoms in patients withCOVID-19and MIS-C,respectively. In terms of disease severity, 246 patients had mild disease, 19 patients had moderate disease, and 56 patients had severe disease. In severe patients, the average number of white blood cells (WBC)was higher, while the average number of lymphocytes was lower. Also, in these patients, the average age was lower, and most of them had respiratory distress. In mild patients, often cough, diarrhea, and vomiting were observed. The results of our study showed that laboratory factors such as WBC count, lymphocyte count, CT findings, Respiratory distress, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting can be used to evaluate the severity of COVID-19in children.

DCAF13 and RNF114 participate in the regulation of early porcine embryo development.

Ubiquitination plays a pivotal role in a multitude of cellular functions; however, the precise contributions of various ubiquitin ligases in governing early developmental processes remain largely unexplored. This study revealed that the E3 ubiquitin ligases DCAF13 and RNF114 are both necessary for the normal regulation of early porcine embryo development. Ubiquitylation is required for normal regulation of many biological functions by modulating several protein facets such as structure, stability, interaction, localization, and degradation. In this study, we explored the roles of two E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 13 (DCAF13) and the Ring finger protein 114 (RNF114), in the regulation of porcine embryo development. Attenuation of DCAF13 mRNA decreased embryo development at the blastocyst stage, while the development of RNF114-attenuated embryos was not significantly different than that of control embryos. The average number of cells per blastocyst was decreased in DCAF13-attenuated embryos and increased in RNF114-attenuated embryos compared to controls. The relative mRNA abundance of the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1, which regulates histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), was increased in both DCAF13- and RNF114-attenuated embryos, but nuclear immunofluorescence signal for H3K9me3 on day 3 embryos was not significantly altered between attenuated and control embryos. Nuclear immunofluorescence signal for H3K4m3 was decreased in DCAF13-attenuated embryos, but it was increased in RNF114-attenuated embryos compared to controls. Attenuation of DCAF13 and RNF114 mRNAs increased transcript levels for the DNA recombinase RAD51 and decreased expression of phosphorylated histone H2A.X (γH2AX), which suggests an impact on DNA damage repair. In addition, lower mRNA expression of the lysine demethylases 5B (KDM5B) and 5C (KDM5C), both involved in embryo genome activation and DNA repair, was detected in DCAF13-attenuated embryos. These findings indicated that both DCAF13 and RNF114 have important roles in the regulation of the early development of porcine embryos.

Effect of different stand densities on xylem and phloem formation in Norway spruce plantations

Summary Preliminary results of an investigation of the thinning effect on Norway spruce tree growth in terms of xylogenesis and phloemogenesis are presented. Three plots were selected where the stand densities were reduced by pre-commercial thinning to 1800 trees/ha (plot A; mild thinning) and 1300 trees/ha (plot C; heavy thinning) in February 2020. Plot B had no silvicultural intervention and represented a control variant (4500 trees/ha). Three dominant 14-year-old Norway spruce trees were sampled (micro-cored) for studying the xylem and phloem formation in the 2020 growing season. The total differentiation duration was determined to be around 169.7 ± 12.7–179.3 ± 4.0 days. The average number of xylem cells formed in control plot B was only 140 mature cells, plots C and A were determined to have 175 and 200 mature cells, respectively. Plot A had the fastest growth rate of all the plots studied. In all three plots (A, B, C), the beginning of the early phloem, late phloem sieve cells, and axial parenchyma cells coincided. Nonetheless, in terms of total phloem cell increase, plot C displayed the fastest growth rate among the three plots studied. The first results showed that the rate of total increment in both xylem and phloem cells, as well as the total number of produced tracheids and sieve cells, seem to be positively affected after the thinning application.

Histological study of the effect of hydroxychloroquine sulfate on the retina and the possible protective role of propolis in adult male albino rats

Background Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCS) is a widely used antimalarial drug. Recently, it garnered attention about its possible effect against COVID-19. Retinopathy is one of its dangerous side effects which may be untreated. Propolis is a substance made by honeybees and has a neuroprotective effect. Aim The study aimed to assess the impact of HCS on the retina and the possible ameliorative role of propolis in adult male albino rats. Materials and methods In all, 32 adult male albino rats were separated into four groups; group (I): the control group, group II: rats had received 100 mg/kg propolis for 12 weeks, group III: the HCS dose of 55 mg/kg/day had been administered to the rats for a period of 10 days, group IV: rats had received 55 mg/kg/day of HCS concomitant with 100 mg/kg propolis for 10 days and then propolis was continued to complete 12 weeks. Retinal specimens were obtained and processed for histological and morphometric analyses. Results Group III revealed vacuolations of photoreceptors; nuclei are widely separated in the outer and inner nuclear layers Also nuclei are darkly pigmented in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant drop in the average number of ganglion cells when contrasted with the control group. These changes were markedly ameliorated in group HCS and propolis-treated group. Conclusion Hydroxychloroquine sulfate induced damaging effects on the rat retina and receiving propolis could attenuate these effects.

CYTOGENETIC VARIABILITY OF THE HUTSUL BREED OF HORSES

Goal. Study of features of karyotypic variability of Hutsul horses. Methods. Cytogenetic analysis, micronucleus test. Results. The average rate of genomic disorders (aneuploidy) was 10.8%, with a range of values of this variability of 8.8%–11.1% in animals of the LLC "Krai Neba" and the National Nature Park "Hutsulshchyna" with a statistically insignificant difference between the mean values. The multiple increase in the number of chromosomes, polyploidy, was in the range of 1.1%–2.0%, which does not exceed the species of this variability. The magnitude of the asynchronous divergence of the centromeric regions of the chromosomes was 2.0%–6.0%, which corresponds to the spontaneous level for horses as a whole (2.2%–9.1%). Structural chromosome abnormalities (chromosomal breaks) in the horses of the Krai Neba LLC farm were not detected, and in the animals of the Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park they were 1.1%. The range of variability of lymphocytes with a micronucleus for animals of two farms was 4.0–4.2‰. The number of dinuclear lymphocytes (6.2‰) exceeded the mitotic index (4.3‰) with an insignificant difference in the average values, which indicates the absence of radionuclide contamination of the territory. Conclusions. The average number of aneuploid cells – 10.8%, polyploid – 1.4%, asynchronous divergence of the centromeric regions of chromosomes – 3.9% and the proportion of chromosomal breaks – 1.1%. The proportion of lymphocytes with a micronucleus – 4.0–4.2–4, dinuclear lymphocytes – 6.2‰ and the mitotic index – 4.3‰, which indicates the stability of the karyotype of the studied horses.

Evaluating the Clinical Application of Automatic Chromosome Harvesting for Prenatal Karyotype Analysis.

Objective: The clinical value of an automatic chromosome harvester was evaluated, which included a comparison between the manual and automatic harvesting for the isolation of amniotic fluid cell chromosomes. Methods: Amniotic fluid samples from 96 high-risk gravida cases identified at 17-25 weeks treated at the Prenatal Diagnostic and Reproductive Center from June to July 2022 were collected. These samples underwent both manual and automatic chromosome collection, and their harvest time and number of amniotic cells were compared. These chromosomes were then used to produce karyotypic data for each sample using an automatic chromosomal karyotype analysis system, scan karyotype. Results: The average automatic harvesting time per sample, 3.92 min, was significantly lower than that of the manual harvesting, 7.89 min (p < 0.001). In addition, the average number of cells from the automatic harvesting (4.16 × 106 pieces) was significantly increased when compared with those of the manual group (2.10 × 106 pieces; p < 0.001). Further karyotyping revealed that both sets of chromosomes produced clear bands and good dispersion data, producing no significant differences in these evaluations (p > 0.05). However, the number of analyzable karyotypes obtained using the automatic harvester was significantly higher than those of the manual harvesting (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The automatic chromosome harvester can effectively save time, manual labor and consumables, harvest more analyzable karyotypes, and improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis. The automatic chromosome harvester is highly stable and repeatable, which has the potential to help achieve large-scale standardized chromosome harvesting and is worthy of widespread clinical promotion.

Anatomical Study of Nerium oleander L. Leaves Found in Places Contaminated with H2S

The research study the effect of H2S on Nerium oleander leaves, the leaves were collected from the pollution places in the crowded streets with cars and factory areas from five different regions of Basrah city, The results showed that the average of highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas was 4. ppm in the Al-Amin Aldakhli area, while the lowest value of gas was recorded in Karmat Ali, it was 0.4 ppm of date palm plants and 0.8 ppm. Anatomy study of N. oleanderleaves showed that the different changes in plant internal tissues with H2S pollution which presented by difference in the thickness of epidermal cell walls of N. oleander leaves in the areas of Al-Dair, Manawi Pasha and Andal’s, while the thickness of the cells was less in the area of Karmat Ali. Highest average length of cells of the upper epidermis was recorded in the Al-Dier and Karmat Ali region was 40 μm and 37.5 μm respectively, while the lower epidermis was 35.82 μmin Al-Dier. Stomata dimension found the lowest average was recorded in the Al-Amin Aldakhli area was 24 μm while in the upper epidermis have highest value, it was in Karmat ali was 30 μm. The number of stomata different between the stations, it was found that the highest average of stomata was found in the lower epidermis in Al-Amin Aldakhli station was 215.98, while the lowest average in Karmat Ali was 98. The upper epidermis had the highest average number of stomata in the Minawi Pasha station was 183.96 on lower epidermis and the lowest average in Andal’s area was 66. Also, the highest average number of cells was in the Lower epidermis in Andal’s region was 3159.96, and the lowest average was 919.98 in the Al-Dair.

Pojava ženki velikog smrekinog likotoča Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann, 1794) na vitalnim stablima kavkaske smreke u Artvinu, Turska

Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann, 1794), which was first discovered in 1966 in Turkey, has established almost in all oriental spruce forests in the Eastern Black Sea region until the late 2000s. In its expanding front it is responsible for killing spruce trees representing millions of cubic meters of wood. In recent years, oriental spruce forests have endemic population of this pest. But extreme climatic conditions that cause extreme weather circumstances may trigger suitable environment that favors D. micans outbreaks. In this study, we aimed to examine tree vitality of naturally infested and uninfested trees in the forest. Field studies were performed at a pure spruce stand in Taşlıca Forest Sub-District, Artvin Directorate of Forestry in 2016. Both infested and uninfested trees were selected in the stand closure. One core per tree was extracted from 30 naturally infested and 30 uninfested oriental spruce trees at the same stand. Core samples were taken at the second week of September. Phloem thickness, recent tree growth rates, diameter of breast height and the average number of xylem cells in a radial file formed until the sampling date were studied. Phloem thickness, recent tree growth rates and number of xylem cells were higher in infested trees. Host selection of D. micans was discussed in relation to characteristics of infested and uninfested trees.

Assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells from in vivo confocal microscopy images using a fully automated deep learning system

BackgroundThe goal of this study is to develop a fully automated segmentation and morphometric parameter estimation system for assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from LASER in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images.MethodsFirst, we developed a fully automated deep learning system for assessing abnormal CECs using a previous development set composed of normal images and a newly constructed development set composed of abnormal images. Second, two testing sets, one with 169 normal images and the other with 211 abnormal images, were used to evaluate the clinical validity and effectiveness of the proposed system on LASER IVCM images with different corneal endothelial conditions, particularly on abnormal images. Third, the automatically calculated endothelial cell density (ECD) and the manually calculated ECD were compared using both the previous and proposed systems.ResultsThe automated morphometric parameter estimations of the average number of cells, ECD, coefficient of variation in cell area and percentage of hexagonal cells were 257 cells, 2648 ± 511 cells/mm2, 32.18 ± 6.70% and 56.23 ± 8.69% for the normal CEC testing set and 83 cells, 1450 ± 656 cells/mm2, 34.87 ± 10.53% and 42.55 ± 20.64% for the abnormal CEC testing set. Furthermore, for the abnormal CEC testing set, Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the automatically and manually calculated ECDs was 0.9447; the 95% limits of agreement between the manually and automatically calculated ECDs were between 329.0 and − 579.5 (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.93).ConclusionsThis is the first report to count and analyze the morphology of abnormal CECs in LASER IVCM images using deep learning. Deep learning produces highly objective evaluation indicators for LASER IVCM corneal endothelium images and greatly expands the range of applications for LASER IVCM.

Development of an animal-derived component-free medium for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using response surface methodology.

To develop an animal-derived component-free medium for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) growth and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. OSF9-ADCFM contained optimum concentrations of CDLC, YE and ST at 0.5% (v/v), 11.0g/L, and 3.0g/L, respectively. A mean viable cell concentration of 1.71 ± 0.14 × 105 cells/mL was obtained from 5 passages (P1-P5). The use of both peptones after 10kDa ultrafiltration had a significant effect on Sf9 cell growth. Grace's insect medium with 10% FBS gave higher un-infected cell number than SF-900II and OSF9-ADCFM for 4.29 and 5.38 times, respectively. The average cell number of un-infected cells and GFP-fluorescent cells of SF-900II were higher than OSF9-ADCFM 1.25 and 7 times, respectively. In-house OSF9-ADCFM could support growth and GFP expression in Sf9 less than commercial SF-900II. However, it could lower the production cost at least 50% comparing to commercial SF-900II. The development of in- house OSF9-ADCFM would be continued to increase both cell numbers and protein expression in the next step.

17 Using Photobiomodulation to Improve Bovine Oocyte Maturation

Abstract Oocyte cytoplasmic maturation is critical in determining the success of subsequent embryo development. Bovine oocytes matured in vitro yield less embryonic development rates than in vivo matured oocytes and new strategies are needed to improve the culture system. It has been proposed that light in the red-to-near infrared optical region (~600-1000 nm) enhances cellular metabolic activity through activation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and has the potential to modify the oocyte metabolome. The objective of this work was to affect the cumulus-oocyte-complex metabolic state using photobiomodulation, aiming to enhance cytoplasmic maturation and subsequent embryonic development. A standardized in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol and commercial media (IVF Bioscience) were used. Briefly, bovine ovaries were obtained at a local slaughterhouse, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of small (2-6 mm) follicles. Compacted COCs were cultured in in vitro maturation media (n = 50/well) and treated with no light (control); light (660-665nm) for 10 minutes at hour 16 from start of maturation (L-16), and light for 10 minutes at hour 20 from start of maturation (L-20). At hour 22 from start of maturation, COCs were fertilized by co-culture with bull spermatozoa (1x106 motile sperm/mL) for 18 hours, then subjected to cumulus cell removal. Presumptive zygotes were placed in in vitro culture media (IVC) for 48 hours when cleavage rate was assessed. Embryos with ≥ 8 cells were selected and placed in fresh IVC until evaluation of blastocyst rate at 168 and 192 hours from start of fertilization. The experiment was replicated 6 times. Blastocysts present at 168 hours from start of fertilization were fixed in 5% formalin, stained with Hoechst 33342, imaged with Cytation 1 (Agilent Technologies Inc.), and blastocyst cell number was counted using ImageJ software (ImageJ2 2.9.0) in 4 replicates. For statistical analysis, each well was considered as experimental unit in a model of repeated measures, main effects of time and treatment, blocked by replicate (Mixed procedure, SAS Institute Inc.). One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the average cell number per well by group, blocked by replicate (JMP Pro 16.1.0). There was a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) effect of treatment, replicate, and time for embryo development and there was a tendency (P = 0.6) for treatment effect on blastocyst cell number. Cleavage rates were 81.3 ± 2.5; 88.5 ± 2.5; 87.3 ± 2.5 % (LSM ± SEM), blastocyst rates were 49.1± 2.5; 49.3 ± 2.5; 51.6 ± 2.5 % and cell numbers were 159.9 ± 3.5; 149.3 ± 3.5; 164.0 ±3.5 for groups control, L-16, and L-20 respectively. The positive effect of photobiomodulation treatment on cleavage rate and blastocyst cell number suggests there is a window of sensitivity to 660-665nm light between 16 and 20 hours from start of maturation.

The effectiveness of the use of mastitis vaccine in breeding farms

The article presents data showing the effectiveness of the use of anti-mastitis vaccine in breeding farms of the Sverdlovsk region, based on the study of the level of diagnosed mastitis and the indicator of somatic cells in milk. Studies have shown that the use of animal immunization against mastitis has a positive effect, so 6 months after the first vaccination of animals in the breeding reproducer and plant, the number of detected mastitis decreased by 16,6% and 7,3%, respectively, and the level of somatic cells in the milk of highly productive cows by 26,5% and 10,7%, respectively. 12 months after the first vaccination scheme was applied, the total number of animals with signs of mastitis in the breeding reproducer and plant was 13,3% and 7,5%, respectively. The level of somatic cells in the nucleus amounted to 290 thousand. /ml., and the stud farm of 450 thousand/ml 24 months after first use of vaccination schemes, the level of mastitis was identified at 6,0% and 5,7% of the studied population of high yielding cows breeding farm and breeding farm, respectively. The average number of somatic cells found in milk of animals of a farm decreased by 80 thousand/ml, the farm – to 79 thousand/ml, in comparison with the previous study period. The study revealed a significant decrease in diagnosed mastitis in animals after 32 months due to the use of the STARTVAK antimastitic vaccine, the total number of diseases in the breeding reproducer decreased by 30,6% compared to the period of the beginning of vaccination, and in the breeding plant – by 26,2%. As a result, the dynamics of reduction of subclinical and clinical mastitis in the breeder compared to the period at the time of immunization was 19,5% and 11,1%, respectively. And in the stud farm, the level of subclinical and clinical mastitis decreased by 16,9% and 9,0%, respectively. The number of somatic cells in the milk of cows contained in the breeding reproducer was 152 thousand/ml, which is 83,9% lower compared to the initial study period. The level of somatic cells in the studied samples of milk of animals kept in the breeding plant was 263 thousand/ml, which is 62,2% lower than this indicator before the application of the animal vaccination program against mastitis.

Evaluation of DNA Damage and Repair In In Vitro Expanded Cord Blood CD 34 Positive Hematopoietic Stem Cell

Background and Aims: The occurrence of single and double-strand breaks of DNA damage is the major obstacle for proliferation under various environmental factors and, if not repaired, can result in many consequences, including mutation, cell death, and others. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the damage of DNA and the expression status of DNA repair system genes before and after stem cell proliferation.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The MACS method isolated the umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB-HSCs). In order to investigate cell death, the study of Annexin V/PI was done by flow cytometry. Comet assay made observation and identification of DNA breaks, and the expression of genes normally involved in the repair of DNA breaks was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.&#x0D; Results: The average number of stem cells increased by 1.9-fold after three days of proliferation. The apoptotic percentage of cells was negligible (less than 0.2%), and the purity of the CD34+ cells was reduced by about one-third in three days (67%). By examining the expression of DNA repair genes, including KU70, KU80, RAD51, and XRCC1, their increased fold change was not significant. In a microscopic examination of stem cells in the comet assay, there was no significant difference between DNA damage before (1.33% ± 0.31) and after (2.08% ± 0.92) replication.&#x0D; Conclusion: In our investigation, neither DNA damage nor changes in the DNA break repair were observed. However, further studies are required to clarify the DNA break repair by recruiting more UCB-HSCs samples.

The Effect Of Kersen (&lt;i&gt;Muntingia calabura&lt;/i&gt;) Extract On The Number Of Pancreatic Beta Cells: Experiment Study In Rat

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common type of diabetes which can be caused by an increase in blood sugar levels resulting in a decrease in the number of pancreatic beta cells, dysfunction or apoptosis. To increase the number of pancreatic beta cells, antioxidants are needed. The antioxidant content of kersen leaves can improve pancreatic beta cell disorders due to high blood sugar levels by reducing ROS and RNF so that oxidative stress decreases and the number of pancreatic beta cells increases. Aim of this research, to determine the effect and the most effective dose of kersen leaves ethanol extract on the number of pancreatic beta cells of white rats wistar strain induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). This study used a true experiment post-test only with control group design with STZ-NA-induced KI-KV group and normal control KVI group. KI-KIII was given kersen leaves extract at a dose of 0.3; 0.5 ;0.7 mg/gBW. KIV positive control. KV negative control. At the end of the study, the pancreas of rats was made preparations with immunohistochemical staining and the average pancreatic beta cells from the 5 islets of Langerhans were calculated. The average number of pancreatic beta cells that were most effective from the kersen leaves treatment group was KI (dose of 0.3 mg/gBW) with an average of 39.9. There is an effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves on increasing the number of pancreatic beta cells in white rats of wistar strain induced by STZ-NA with an effective dose of 0.3 mg/gBW.

Inhibiting the growth of periopathogenic bacteria and accelerating bone repair processes by using robusta coffee bean extract

BackgroundPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues caused by microorganisms. Robusta coffee bean extract has antibacterial properties due to its caffeine, flavonoids, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid contents. The robusta coffee bean extract also regulates alveolar bone healing through bone remodelling. AimThe study aimed to investigate robusta coffee bean extract to inhibit bacterial growth and accelerate bone repair in vitro and in vivo. MethodsThis study used the paper disc diffusion method with the research group of robusta coffee bean extract with concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and negative control, as much as 20 and dripped onto the disc paper then placed on the surface of the agar media that had been inoculated with bacteria. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. Twenty periodontitis rat models were given 0.05 ml of the robusta coffee bean extract on the molars and put in a periodontal pocket for seven days. Rats were decapitated, and alveolar bone tissues were stained with HE and IHC staining. The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and BMP-2 was counted using a microscope. Statistical test with Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney showed a p-value of <0.05. ResultsThe average diameter of the inhibitory zone of robusta coffee bean extract showed that the P. gingivalis group of bacteria was higher than that of A. actinomycetemscomitans and S. viridans (p < 0.05) with a concentration of 50%. The average number of osteoblast cells increased, and the average number of osteoclast cells decreased in the 50% concentration group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). BMP-2 expression in the robusta coffee bean extract group was 50% higher than in the other groups. ConclusionRobusta coffee bean extract has a periopathogenic antibacterial and accelerates alveolar bone repair.

Nest characteristics and associates of Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Central Finland

In social vespine wasps, the nest characteristics and associates vary intra- and interspecifically. I studied the nest characteristics and nest associates of three Dolichovespula wasp species in boreal Finland. The average number of combs and cells per nest was similar among D. media, D. saxonica and D. norwegica, and similar to Dolichovespula in the temperate zone. Most D. media and D. saxonica colonies produced both gynes and males, whereas D. norwegica produced mainly either one. The average colony lifespan of D. saxonica was a bit over two months, i.e. shorter than documented for Dolichovespula in the temperate zone. The proportion of nests parasitised by the ichneumonid wasp Sphecophaga vesparum was 36% in D. saxonica and 50% in D. media; S. vesparum has not been recorded from D. media before. The proportion of parasitized cells was 0.6–11% for D. saxonica and 0.2–22% for D. media. The proportion yellow, overwintering cocoons of S. vesparum was highly variable among the nests. The proportion of nests parasitised by the moth Aphomia sociella was 36% in D. saxonica and 13% in D. media. Sphecophaga and Aphomia were not recorded from D. norwegica colonies, which supports studies in the temperate zone. The study adds up to the previous research on the nest structure and nest associates of vespines, and together they indicate that there is geographical variation within Europe and globally in the host use of Sphecophaga.

Effects of Dioxin on DNA Damage in the Testes of Adult Male Mice

Background: Given the importance of environmental factors and the impact of environmental pollutants, such as dioxins, on organ systems, especially the reproductive system, it is necessary to study these issues and the mechanisms of their effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dioxins on DNA damage in the testes of adult male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) rats were randomly divided into four groups: The control group received normal saline, and the dioxin groups were treated with different doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg/kg) for two weeks. Apoptosis in the testes was then examined using a TUNEL assay kit. Results: The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatogonia cells was 5.91±5.28 in the dioxin group 1, 7.20±10.03 in the dioxin group 2, and 8.73±4.63 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.073, P=0.034, and P=0.007, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells was 5.16±1.99 in the dioxin group 1, 2.50±4.62 in the dioxin group 2, and 3.33±2.94 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (P=0.034, P=0.14, and P=0.037, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells in the dioxin group 1 was significantly higher than that in the dioxin group 2 (2.50±4.62, P=0.047). The average number of TUNEL-positive spermatid cells was 11.58±6.90 in the dioxin group 1, 11.10±12.19 in the dioxin group 2, and 10.20±7.32 in the 3-dioxin group, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.008, P=0.014, and P=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dioxin caused dose-dependent apoptosis in the testes.

Effect of Isothiocyanate Therapy on Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cells in Pregnant Rats Hyperglycemia Atmosphere

Abstract: One of the factors that influence the complications of pregnancy and childbirth is diabetes mellitus. In this study, it was intended to create experimental diabetic conditions in experimental white rats with the administration of aloksan for 5 days. A total of 30 mice were checked for sugar levels on day 7 after inducing alloxane to see that the mice were already in a hyperglycemic state. Then divided into 6 groups, each group there are 5 white pregnant rats. Group 1 was the negative group (without being given aloksan), group 2 was positive group (given aloksan as much as 150 mg / day / kg BB), groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given Aloksan 150mg / day / kg and each was given simultaneously isothiocyanates with a dose of 0.1; 0,2; 0.4 and 0.8 mg/day/kg BB. DNA fragmentation is one of the characteristics of apoptosis. In this study DNA fragmentation was examined by the TUNEL method (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling). The average number of trophoblast cells in white pregnant rats hyperglycemia that experienced apoptosis decreased as the dose of isotiocyanate therapy increased in rats that had been induced by alloxane. And the best dose is at a dose of 0.8 mg / day / kg BB.

Histomorphological structure of the RBCs and WBCs count of the blood picture in diabetic patients for both sexes

Research have been done on patients with diabetes (both types I and II) of the reviewers of medical clinics in the provinces of Erbil and Kirkuk, which included (31) patients of both sexes (16 male, 15 female) aged (20-70 years) to study histomorphological structure of the red blood corpuscle (RBCs) and blood count of the white blood cell (WBCs) count, It was also examined the blood picture of healthy individuals from both sexes for comparison. The results showed the presence of histopathological changes in the red blood corpuscles, like hypochromic with anisopoikilocytosis (different shape and size corpuscles), normochromic crescent shape, hypochromic microcytic cells, mild hypochromic cells anisocytosis and others. The rise significantly in the average number of white blood cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes was detected, significant differences did not appear in the lymphocytes, eosinophil and basophils compared to the number of all kinds of white blood cells in healthy individuals (the control group

Immunoexpression of CD1a and Histopathology in Lesional and Non Lesional Skin in Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease mediated by T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Langerhans cells are a unique population of dendritic cells found in the epidermis, where they can be identified by Cluster of Differentiation 1a (CD1a) positivity. They play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim: To evaluate the utility of immunoexpression of CD1a in the early diagnosis of psoriasis and to study the histopathology of skin biopsies from clinically diagnosed cases of psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019 at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. Skin biopsies were taken from 50 patients with psoriasis from the Outpatient Department (OPD). Histopathological features in early psoriasis were studied, and CD1a immunoexpression in lesional, perilesional, and distant skin was analysed. The data were analysed using Student’s t-test with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Half of the cases were found in two age groups: 51-60 years (15 patients, 30%) and 11-20 years (10 patients, 20%). The majority of the cases were males (36 patients, 72%). Most of the biopsies were taken from the lower limb (24 patients, 48%), followed by the back (13 patients, 26%). In this study, the average number of CD1a positive Langerhans cells was highest (54.92±5.26) in perilesional skin compared to lesional skin (30±3.96), which was statistically significant (p-value=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the observations in this study, a strong positive reaction of CD1a in perilesional skin can be used to diagnose psoriasis in the early clinical stages, before full-blown clinical psoriatic plaques have appeared. Early diagnosis may prompt physicians to initiate treatment early