Auxiliary Technique Research Articles

OSTEONECROSE DOS MAXILARES INDUZIDA PELO USO DE MEDICAMENTOS

The study details the etiology of the disease, associated medications, risk factors, clinical characteristics and diagnosis, in addition to prevention and treatment strategies. MAOM occurs mainly in patients using these medications to treat conditions such as osteoporosis and cancer, due to the inhibition of bone remodeling and angiogenesis. It explores the lack of consensus in the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of AOM, emphasizing the importance of dental surgeons’ knowledge of the medications involved and appropriate management. The work reviews the scientific literature on the topic and proposes that prevention, including a detailed dental evaluation before starting treatment with these medications, is crucial to reducing the risks of osteonecrosis. Treatment, in turn, ranges from conservative approaches with the use of antibiotics and strict oral hygiene to more aggressive surgical interventions, depending on the stage of the disease. Photodynamic therapy is mentioned as a promising auxiliary technique for treatment. In its final considerations, the study highlights the need for early diagnosis and rigorous preventive approaches to avoid severe complications.

Fabrication of versatile Fe3O4/GO/Au composite nanomaterial as SERS-active substrate for detection of pesticide residue.

Highly active Fe3O4/GO/Au composite nanomaterial was fabricated as a substrate of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and applied for pesticide residue detection. The three-layer multifunctional Fe3O4/GO/Au nanoparticles (NPs) were designed by facile method, with high hotspots, and were characterized by various techniques, including ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectrometer (IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The performance of Fe3O4/GO/Au was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy with R6G as a probe molecule to verify its enhancement effect. It exhibited a strong Raman signal with 10-6M of R6G. Furthermore, the presence of Fe3O4/GO/Au nanohybrid enabled the SERS-based method to detect mancozeb and showed an excellent linear relationship in the range of 0.25-25 ppm, with a low limit of detection (0.077 ppm), satisfactory EF, stability, and repeatability. In addition, the mechanism of SERS enhancement with electromagnetic mechanism (EM) and chemical mechanism (CM) was discussed in detail. Therefore, the proposed SERS approach holds promise as an auxiliary technique for screening contaminated agricultural products, environmental sample, and food in the future.

The use of point-impact techniques in stone processing (pecking) in the sites of forest Trans-Urals

For processing of stone and manufacture of tools, ancient man mastered a variety of methods and tech-niques — beating, splitting into flakes and plates, impact and spin retouching, grinding, sawing, drilling and some others. Of these, the least studied and insufficiently covered in the literature is the point-impact technique (pe-cking). Pecking could have been used both as an auxiliary technique and as the main one. When processing large tools (axes, adzes, pestles), which subsequently were polished, it was an auxiliary method. But when mak-ing a circular groove for tying and hollowing out a blind or through hole, it would have become the main one. In the forest Trans-Urals, the pecking technique was already known in the Mesolithic. A treasure hoard containing six stone axes has been found at the Mesolithic settlement of Ogurdino (Perm Krai). The axes were treated by beating and pecking techniques, followed by partial surface polishing. Also, two axe blanks with lugs (trunnions) from the site of Beregovaya IX in the Gorbunovsky peat bog (Sverdlovsk Region) belong to the Mesolithic. The edges of the tools and the protruding lugs were processed by pecking. A perforated disk-pommel in the shape of a kind of disguise was found in the Late Mesolithic layer of the 2nd Beregovaya site in the Gorbunovsky peat bog. A rounded hole 2.8–3.1 cm in diameter was made in the center of the disc by deep pecking on both sides. The majority of the items processed by pecking were found on mixed sites and date to a wide chronological range from the Neolithic to Bronze Age. Some of them represent accidental single finds. Stone sculptures, tops of maces, axes, adzes, plows, chisels, pestles, fishing sinkers, “ironings” were processed using point-impact re-touching. Tying lines on hammers made of massive pebbles were designed exclusively by pecking. During the Early Iron Age, the pecking technique only further expanded its application. Moreover, it was used not only for shaping products, but for making complex figured ornaments on sculptures and bas-reliefs.

Navigating the future of ROA: Can it surprise us?

Raman optical activity (ROA) has truly reached middle age at 50 years. The technique has matured significantly in this period, both with respect to instrument development and number of applications and users. Yet, ROA is still viewed as an auxiliary technique, compared to conventional Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies. In this perspective, we outline the newest trends in the field of ROA, including exciting opportunities for future developments and of course ask the important question: what is the future of ROA?

Effects of Pulsed Current on the Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladded TC17 Titanium Alloy.

In this study, a titanium alloy substrate was cladded with TC17 titanium alloy powder using the pulsed-current (PC)-assisted laser cladding technique. The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of varying pulsed current intensities on the morphology, microstructure, and properties of samples. It is observed that the utilization of pulsed currents significantly enhances the metallurgical adhesion between the samples, concurrently diminishing the occurrence of porosity within the cladding layer. The incorporation of a pulsed current also has a positive impact on the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the samples. Furthermore, the synergistic influence of laser energy and a pulsed electrical current is found to promote a structural evolution in materials towards a state with lower electrical resistance. The introduction of a pulsed current leads to preferential growth of β grains with <100>// cladding direction in the cladding zone and obtains the typical {100} < 001 > cube texture, while the substrate zone exhibits a distinctive stripe-like configuration formed by the primary α-phase constituents. The outcomes of this study show the pivotal role of pulsed currents as an auxiliary technique for enhancing the properties and effecting microstructural modifications in titanium alloys during the laser cladding process.

The Value of Micro-CT in the Diagnosis of Lung Carcinoma: A Radio-Histopathological Perspective.

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a relatively new imaging modality and the three-dimensional (3D) images obtained via micro-CT allow researchers to collect both quantitative and qualitative information on various types of samples. Micro-CT could potentially be used to examine human diseases and several studies have been published on this topic in the last decade. In this study, the potential uses of micro-CT in understanding and evaluating lung carcinoma and the relevant studies conducted on lung and other tumors are summarized. Currently, the resolution of benchtop laboratory micro-CT units has not reached the levels that can be obtained with light microscopy, and it is not possible to detect the histopathological features (e.g., tumor type, adenocarcinoma pattern, spread through air spaces) required for lung cancer management. However, its ability to provide 3D images in any plane of section, without disturbing the integrity of the specimen, suggests that it can be used as an auxiliary technique, especially in surgical margin examination, the evaluation of tumor invasion in the entire specimen, and calculation of primary and metastatic tumor volume. Along with future developments in micro-CT technology, it can be expected that the image resolution will gradually improve, the examination time will decrease, and the relevant software will be more user friendly. As a result of these developments, micro-CT may enter pathology laboratories as an auxiliary method in the pathological evaluation of lung tumors. However, the safety, performance, and cost effectiveness of micro-CT in the areas of possible clinical application should be investigated. If micro-CT passes all these tests, it may lead to the convergence of radiology and pathology applications performed independently in separate units today, and the birth of a new type of diagnostician who has equal knowledge of the histological and radiological features of tumors.

Differentiating thyroid nodules parathyroid lesions using 2D-shear-wave elastography: a novel approach for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

Differentiating between thyroid and parathyroid lesions by means of ultrasound can be a challenge in some cases. This study explores the diagnostic efficacy of bidimensional shear wave elastography planewave ultrasound (2D SWE PLUS) as an auxiliary technique in distinguishing these superficial structures. We evaluated 86 cases, presenting with concurrent thyroid nodules and hyperparathyroidism, through conventional ultrasound and 2D SWE PLUS, employing an Aixplorer Supersonic Mach30 with a 5-18 MHz linear probe. Statistically significant differences were observed for the elasticity index (EI) between parathyroid and normal thyroid tissue (p<0.0001, U=291), and between parathyroid lesions and thyroid nodules (p<0.0001, U=248.5). An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.961, with an optimal cut-off value of ≤8.9 kPa, was established to effectively distinguish parathyroid tissue from normal thyroid tissue (sensitivity of 91.9%; specificity of 97.5%). Furthermore, an AUC of 0.963 and an optimal cut-off of 9.24 kPa (sensitivity of 94.2%, specificity of 91.1%) were determined for parathyroid vs thyroid lesions. Elasticity values were significantly elevated in the cancer group compared to benign thyroid nodules (p<0.0001). Our findings suggest that 2D SWE PLUS is an effective tool in differentiating between thyroid nodules and parathyroid lesions, enhancing diagnostic performance in neck ultrasonography.

Auxiliary liver xenotransplantation technique in a transgenic pig-to-non-human primate model: A surgical approach to prolong survival.

Xenotransplantation using pigs' liver offers a potentially alternative method to overcome worldwide donor shortage, or more importantly as a bridge to allotransplantation. However, it has been challenged by profound thrombocytopenia and fatal coagulopathy in non-human primate models. Here we suggest that a left auxiliary technique can be a useful method to achieve extended survival of the xenograft. Fifteen consecutive liver xenotransplants were carried out in a pig-to-cynomolgus model. Right auxiliary technique was implemented in two cases, orthotopic in eight cases, and left auxiliary in five cases. None of the right auxiliary recipients survived after surgery due to hemorrhage during complex dissection between the primate's right lobe and inferior vena cava. Orthotopic recipients survived less than 7days secondary to profound thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Two out of five left auxiliary xenotransplants survived more than 3weeks without uncontrolled thrombocytopenia or anemia, with one of them surviving 34days, the longest graft survival reported to date. Left auxiliary xenotransplant is a feasible approach in non-human primate experiments, and the feared risk of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy can be minimized. This may allow for longer evaluation of the xenograft and help better understand histopathological and immunological changes that occur following liver xenotransplantation.

Introductory to Organic Synthesis and Retrosynthesis Analysis

Retrosynthesis is an indispensable and auxiliary technique used by chemists in assisting the organic synthesis of thecomplex desired product. This study aims to teach high school students how to do retrosynthesis analysis for organicmolecules by considering the disconnection strategies, and basic approaches, for instance, fine-tuning &amp; protectingfunctional groups and fundamental principles when doing the analysis. It also involves some techniques that could applyto a specific pattern, such as deoxygenation. Two complex molecules are given as samples, and their retrosynthesis willbe exploited.

Identifying and predicting the pathogenic effects of a novel variant inducing severe early onset MMA: a bioinformatics approach

BackgroundMethylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare metabolic disorder resulting from functional defects in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Mutations in the MMAB gene are responsible for the cblB type of vitamin B12-responsive MMA.ResultsThis study used Whole-exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, linkage analysis, and in-silico evaluation of the variants’ effect on protein structure and function to confirm their pathogenicity in a 2-day-old neonate presenting an early-onset metabolic crisis and death. WES revealed a homozygous missense variant on chromosome 12, the NM_052845.4 (MMAB):c.557G > A, p.Arg186Gln, in exon 7, a highly conserved and hot spot region for pathogenic variants. After being confirmed by Sanger sequencing, the wild-type and mutant proteins’ structure and function were modeled and examined using in-silico bioinformatics tools and compared to the variant NM_052845.4 (MMAB):c.556C > T, p.Arg186Trp, a known pathogenic variant at the same position. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis showed a significant reduction in the stability of variants and changes in protein–protein and ligand–protein interactions. Interestingly, the variant c.557G > A, p.Arg186Gln depicted more variations in the secondary structure and less binding to the ATP and B12 ligands compared to the c.556C > T, p.Arg186Trp, the known pathogenic variant.ConclusionThis study succeeded in expanding the variant spectra of the MMAB, forasmuch as the variant c.557G > A, p.Arg186Gln is suggested as a pathogenic variant and the cause of severe MMA and neonatal death. These results benefit the prenatal diagnosis of MMA in the subsequent pregnancies and carrier screening of the family members. Furthermore, as an auxiliary technique, homology modeling and protein structure and function evaluations could provide geneticists with a more accurate interpretation of variants’ pathogenicity.Graphical

Combined experimental–numerical mode I fracture characterization of the pultruded composite bars

In this paper, pultruded GFRP bars are investigated to determine their fracture properties. The double cantilever beam test (DCB) is used to assess fracture behavior under mode I loading conditions. However, due to the presence of the R-curve effect (variable fracture energy dependent on the length of the crack), it is necessary to introduce a nonstandard approach to determine fracture properties. The mixed experimental–numerical approach is proposed to deal with this issue. Numerical simulations were carried out in Simulia Abaqus, and with Python scripting it was possible to generate models and obtain R-curve for the material. The numerical model built based on the experimental results has very good agreement with it (force–displacement and delamination length–time characteristics) which allows the use of the mentioned model in the analysis of more complex structures. Acoustic emission analysis was introduced as an auxiliary technique. The delamination obtained from both the numerical model and the experiment complies with the registered acoustic emission events. The proposed method can be used in preparing a material model for other composite materials, which display the presence of the R-curve effect.

Intraoperative microscopic autofluorescence detection and characterization in brain tumors using stimulated Raman histology and two-photon fluorescence.

The intrinsic autofluorescence of biological tissues interferes with the detection of fluorophores administered for fluorescence guidance, an emerging auxiliary technique in oncological surgery. Yet, autofluorescence of the human brain and its neoplasia is sparsely examined. This study aims to assess autofluorescence of the brain and its neoplasia on a microscopic level by stimulated Raman histology (SRH) combined with two-photon fluorescence. With this experimentally established label-free microscopy technique unprocessed tissue can be imaged and analyzed within minutes and the process is easily incorporated in the surgical workflow. In a prospective observational study, we analyzed 397 SRH and corresponding autofluorescence images of 162 samples from 81 consecutive patients that underwent brain tumor surgery. Small tissue samples were squashed on a slide for imaging. SRH and fluorescence images were acquired with a dual wavelength laser (790 nm and 1020 nm) for excitation. In these images tumor and non-tumor regions were identified by a convolutional neural network that reliably differentiates between tumor, healthy brain tissue and low quality SRH images. The identified areas were used to define regions.of- interests (ROIs) and the mean fluorescence intensity was measured. In healthy brain tissue, we found an increased mean autofluorescence signal in the gray (11.86, SD 2.61, n=29) compared to the white matter (5.99, SD 5.14, n=11, p<0.01) and in the cerebrum (11.83, SD 3.29, n=33) versus the cerebellum (2.82, SD 0.93, n=7, p<0.001), respectively. The signal of carcinoma metastases, meningiomas, gliomas and pituitary adenomas was significantly lower (each p<0.05) compared to the autofluorescence in the cerebrum and dura, and significantly higher (each p<0.05) compared to the cerebellum. Melanoma metastases were found to have a higher fluorescent signal (p<0.01) compared to cerebrum and cerebellum. In conclusion we found that autofluorescence in the brain varies depending on the tissue type and localization and differs significantly among various brain tumors. This needs to be considered for interpreting photon signal during fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery.

Recent research on extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is an artificial lung auxiliary technique based on extrapulmonary gas exchange and can effectively remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygenation to a certain extent, and it is one of the effective treatment techniques for hypercapnia developed after mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in recent years and has wide application prospect. This article elaborates on the development, working principle, advantages, classification, complications, and clinical application of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, so as to provide a new choice for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in clinical practice.

Speed-Controller-Independent Mechanical Parameter Identification in SPMSM Drive Achieved via Signal Injection

The mechanical parameters, including the Coulomb and viscous friction coefficients together with the moment of inertia, are of great interest for the performance optimization and condition evaluation of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drives. This article contributes a speed-controller-independent mechanical parameter identification scheme using open-loop speed response due to signal injection, which has not been reported in existing works. It is designed based on the premise that the viscous friction torque is disproportional to the rotor speed, which is a new progress toward estimating the mechanical parameters with high precision. Moreover, as a practical full-participation-type solution, this scheme involves a new electrical parameter estimation technique based on differential algebra to assist in identifying the mechanical parameters. This auxiliary technique attains the current-controller-free estimation of the electrical parameters with the inverter nonlinearity eliminated, thereby addressing the current controller self-commissioning and serving to acquire the accurate electromagnetic torque. The experimental evaluations on two prototype SPMSM drive systems validate the feasibility of this suggested scheme.

The Relationship Between Gluten Enteropathy and Nail Capileroscopy Findings and Disease Activation

Objective: Nailfold Videocapilloroscopy (NVC) is an examination method that is used as an aid in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment strategy of rheumatic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and gives an idea about microcirculation by examining the vascular bed. It is a cheap, easily applicable, and quickly accessible method. Because of these features, we aimed to use the NVC method in patients with Gluten Enteropathy (GE) to determine whether this method will be a helpful technique in the diagnosis, activation decision, remission follow-up, and treatment strategy in patients with GE. Methods: In this study, 67 patients diagnosed with GE (n=35 disease-active group (AGE), n=32 disease-related remission group (RGE), and control group (CG)-27 healthy people whose diagnosis of GE was ruled out were included in this study. Group and CG were divided into ten parameters in capillary pathologies (capillary density loss, dilated capillary, giant capillary, microhemorrhage, avascular area, tortuosity, branched capillary, disorganization, extravasation, angiogenesis). They were divided into two groups as RGE and compared with the results obtained from NVC measurements Results: When patients diagnosed with GE and CG were evaluated in terms of capillary disorder with NVC, While all of the patients with capillary disorders were in the GE group, no capillary disorders were found in the control group (p&amp;lt;0.01). When patients diagnosed with GE were divided into two groups (AGE and RGE), NVC measurements were compared; All patients with capillary disorders were found in the AGE group (p&amp;lt;0.01). Capillary density loss and/or avascular area were detected in 80.9% of patients with capillary disorders. Conclucion: Our study found a statistically significant difference in NVC measurements between GE patients and CG (p&amp;lt;0.01). The fact that all patients with capillary disorders were in the active group in terms of the disease and no capillary disorders were detected in any patients in remission showed that this method could be used as an auxiliary technique in the diagnosis of GE, making the decision of activation or remission, monitoring the disease and determining treatment strategies.

Improved auxiliary inductive coil connectors in DC boost converters with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;This study investigates an auxiliary technique for the integration of inductive coil connectors (AIIC) within a single switched DC converter with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications. The aim is to develop and improve the rate of voltage gain for both coils by using inductive coil connectors (coupling inductance) on the input side that goes through the ratio operator of both inductive coils of the high frequency transformer by having the prototype power circuit operate at a switching frequency 80 kHz. Experimental results show that the output power is at 125 W, output voltage is at 325 V, and input voltage is at 36 V. Furthermore, the duration of change of critical waves of the duty condition was analyzed to confirm that the results were consistent with the proposed technique.&lt;/span&gt;

Cuff inflation technique is better than Magill forceps technique to facilitate nasotracheal intubation guiding by GlideScope® video laryngoscope

Video laryngoscopy is often selected to assist nasotracheal intubation in allowing better laryngeal visualization, although there is no comparative study evaluating the effectiveness between auxiliary techniques by using Magill forceps and inflated cuff in GlideScope video laryngoscopy for nasotracheal intubation. Fifty-one of 100 patients in a Magill forceps group and 47 of 100 patients in a cuff inflation group were included in the final analysis in this randomized, single-blind, parallel, clinical trial study. Induction agents were routinely administered according to body weight, while intubation time spent, attempts, and related side effects were recorded. Compared to the Magill forceps group, the cuff inflation technique shortened the total intubation time (70.0 ± 24.5s vs. 87.0 ± 25.0s, p=0.001) and the time of advancing the nasotracheal tube from oropharyngeal space into the trachea (25.9 ± 16.4s vs. 42.3 ± 21.2s, p < 0.001). However, the number of intubation attempts was not significantly different between groups. During tube advancement, the tube was rotated to accommodate the glottis and trachea more frequently in the cuff inflation group (p=0.009), but the blade of the laryngoscope shifted and was adjusted to the proper position more frequently in the Magill forceps group (p < 0.001). In the Magill forceps group, the tube cuff might be clipped incidentally and the intubator might shift their gaze away from the screen during intubation, although there was no significant difference in intubation-related side effects between groups. Unlike the conventional approach, nasotracheal intubation with the GlideScope® video laryngoscope using the auxiliary technique of cuff inflation could be more suited than using Magill forceps.

Resistance coefficient identification of a heating pipe network based on a heuristic three-parent genetic algorithm

Identifying the resistance coefficient of a heating pipe network is a critical step in constructing a hydraulic calculation model of the heating pipe network. Aiming to address the difficulties of a multidimensional, nonlinear and large exploration space in optimizing and identifying the resistance coefficient, a genetic algorithm based on heuristic three-parent crossover is adopted. First, a three-parent crossover operator combining the auxiliary chromosome technique and heuristic crossover rules is designed. Secondly, an optimization identification model for the resistance coefficient based on the proposed algorithm is established. The fitness function of model is the deviation between the output of the pipe network model and the actual observation value. Finally, two real pipe network cases are used to measure the performance of algorithm in terms of accuracy and stability. The results show that the algorithm in this article has certain advantages in terms of both indicators.

Use of a local hemostatic agent based on chitosan and external compression of the abdominal area to control intra-abdominal bleeding

The paper presents the intermediate results of an experimental study of three samples of chitosan-based local hemostatic agent in a model of intense intra-abdominal bleeding in an average-sized experimental animal (a Soviet Chinchilla rabbit) with a standard wound on the parenchymal organ (liver) in combination with external compression of the abdominal area to achieve hemostasis in the acute phase of the experiment. At the first stage, nine experimental groups and one control group, with three biological objects each, were involved (n = 30). The composition and properties of laboratory preparations of hemostatics were different from the concentration of the main component. To select the optimal sample of a local hemostatic agent with the least local irritant effect on the organs and structures of the abdominal cavity, three experimental groups with three animals each were formed at the second stage, without modeling blood loss (n = 9) with follow-up from 24 to 72 h. The studied drugs have high hemostatic activity in the model of intense intra-abdominal bleeding with follow-up periods from several hours to 3 days. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of hemostatic agent samples does not lead to a pronounced local irritant effect. However, during the first 180 min of the experiment, only one fatal outcome was recorded in a group of animals with 15% chitosan in the studied drug because of a technical error in modeling the source of bleeding. External compression of the abdominal area demonstrated its effectiveness as an auxiliary technique for temporary control of the intra-abdominal source of bleeding in the experimental model. The objectification of the obtained results was achieved through a control sectional study and laboratory screening of peripheral blood indicators of experimental animals at different stages of the experiment. To further evaluate the hemostatic activity of chitosan-based drugs, creating an experimental model using a large experimental animal is necessary.

Experimental and numerical study on tunnel faces reinforced by horizontal bolts in sandy ground

In order to provide insight into the reinforcing mechanism of face bolting, in this work a series of experimental tests and numerical simulations on reinforced and unreinforced tunnel faces were conducted in sandy ground. Some aspects of the collapse at the tunnel face were investigated for four different bolt numbers (nb = 0, 26, 47, and 97 bolts), including the face support pressure, face failure process, face failure pattern, soil stresses and the behaviour of face bolts. The results showed the apparent influence of face bolting on face stability, and that this auxiliary technique is an effective method for stabilizing the tunnel face. Specifically, the limit/residual support pressure, the degree of soil stress release ahead of the tunnel face, and the extent of the failure zone were significantly decreased by face bolting; the reinforcing effect increased with an increasing bolt number; and the final configuration of the failure zone of unreinforced and reinforced tunnel faces all showed a “chimney-wedge” pattern. In addition, the reinforcing effect of each bolt can be simplified as a support force applied to the failure zone, which is mainly determined by the bond strength at the soil-bolt interface and the anchorage length. The results in this work provide a reference for establishing and verifying the theoretical model.