Auxiliary Technique Research Articles

A new predictor-corrector method for noncoercive mixed variational inequalities

In this paper, we use the auxiliary principle technique to suggest and analyze a class of predictor-corrector methods for solving noncoercive mixed variational inequalities. The convergence of the proposed method requires only the partially relaxed strongly monotonicity, which is even weaker than the co-coercivity. As special cases, we obtain a number of new and known results for classical variational inequalities.

Solving and Estimating Dynamic Models under Rational Expectations

This paper combines recent developments in methods for solving and estimating rational expectations dynamic models. These developments are applied to a model of labor-market search, where firms operate under uncertainty. We assess the ability of the structural model to mimic nonlinear features found in the data. The solution to the model is obtained using a method of weighted residuals. The model is then estimated using an auxiliary model technique. Our results indicate that the simple theoretical representation of the labor market we propose is able to match the overall behavior of US hours worked along various dimensions. Beyond they show the usefulness of this combined approach to study dynamic models under rational expectations.

Modelling of mechanical properties of CRFC composites under flexure loading

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Carbon (CFRC) Composites are increasing their applications due to their high strength and Young’s Modulus at high temperatures in inert atmosphere. Although much work has been done on processing and structure and properties relationship, few studies have addressed the modelling of mechanical properties. This work is divided in two parts. In the first part, a modelling of mechanical properties was carried out for two bi-directional composites using a model based on the Bernoulli-Euler theory for symmetric laminated beams. In the second part, acoustic emission (AE) was used as an auxiliary technique for monitoring the failure process of the composites. Differences in fracture behaviour are reflected in patterns of AE.

Existence and iterative algorithms of solutions for generalized mixed quasi-variational inequalities

In this paper,. by using the auxiliary technique of variational inequalities, the existence and iterative algorithms of solutions for a class of generalized mixed quasi-variational inequalities are studied. Our results answer the open problems mentioned by Noor, improve and generalize some recent known results.

General algorithm of random solutions for random nonlinear variational inequalities in banach Spaces*

In this paper, we study a class of random nonlinear variational inequalities in Banach spaces. By applying a random minimax inequahty obtained by Tarafdar and Yuan, some existence uniqueness theorems of random solutions for the random nonhnear variational inequalities are proved. Next, by applying the random auxiliary problem technique, we suggest an innovative iterative algorithm to compute the random approximate solutions of the random nonlinear variational inequahty. Finally, the convergence criteria is also discussed

Absolute determination of the isochromatic parameter by loadstepping photoelasticity

A new approach to full-field automated photoelasticity is presented in which a circular polariscope is used to enable the isochromatic phase value (α) to be determined unambiguously and without input of a known isochromatic value obtained using an auxiliary technique. Values of cosα are obtained from light-field and dark-field images for three loads of small incremental steps. Using a relatively straight-forward procedure, ramped phase maps for α are produced which can be unwrapped using conventional techniques. The resulting distribution of α is then found absolutely using information provided by which δα is the incremental change in the isochromatic phase value between the load steps. The results obtained for disk-in-compression tests presented here in comparison with theoretical solutions demonstrate that the technique is both simple to use and very accurate. A similar approach may be adopted using three wavelengths instead of three load steps.

Numerical Model of Cesium Ion Beams in Field Emission Electric Propulsion Thrusters

A numerical model of the ion beam in field emission electric propulsion thrusters is presented. The objective of the study is to develop a computational tool capable of predicting the effects of thruster configuration parameters (geometry, voltage distribution between the electrodes) on thruster performance (beam divergence, ion exhaust velocity). A two-dimensional, steady model has been adopted. A simple emission model has been assumed, neglecting the detailed, microscopic description of the physical emission mechanism. The electric field is evaluated by a finite element scheme; boundary conditions are provided by an auxiliary technique based on the placement of fictitious charges in proximity to the electrode surfaces. The beam is simulated through a discrete number of charged particles; the effects of the associated space charge density distribution on the electric field is considered. The results of the simulations of typical thruster configurations are presented and discussed. The need to take space charge effects into account to attain a sufficiently accurate solution is indicated: the beam charge density modifies the electric potential distribution generated by the electrodes voltage difference, causing a decrease in the local electric field at emitter tip and an increase in beam divergence. Neutralization at a finite distance must be taken into account to fully appreciate the effects of different voltage distributions between the electrodes: a higher accelerator electrode voltage determines a lower ion exhaust velocity and a larger beam divergence. The capability of an additional, decelerating neutral electrode to focus the ion beam is also investigated, showing that only little improvement in beam containment is attained.

Detection of parasites with DNA-binding bisbenzimide H33258 in Pneumocystis carinii- and Leishmania-containing materials.

Even for routine purposes, standard staining of Pneumocystis- or Leishmania-containing materials, e.g., with Giemsa or Diff-Quik, is often unsatisfactory due to poor contrast and to staining of irrelevant structures. In comparison, the bisbenzimide dye Hoechst 33258, a DNA-binding fluorochrome, allows a more precise analysis of such materials. Bisbenzimide stained all stages of these fungal or protozoal organisms with brilliant contrast against a uniformly dark background. The level of background luminescence and staining of detritus or non-DNA structures was very low. Organisms were stained both outside of and within phagocytic cells with equal intensity. Counting of individual microorganisms, e.g., in macrophages heavily parasitized with Leishmania or in Pneumocystis-infected bronchoalveolar lavage, was simplified and more precise. Air-dried cell suspensions, cytocentrifuge preparations, impression smears, or cryocut micrographs showed the advantages of bisbenzimide staining over Diff-Quik. Staining with bisbenzimide could be a valuable auxiliary technique for the analysis of material infected with a variety of microorganisms.

Algorithm of solutions for mixed-nonlinear variational-like inequalities in reflexive banach space

In this paper, the author studies a class of mixed nonlinear variational-like inequalities in reflexive Banach space. By applying a minimax inequality obtained by the author, some existence uniqueness theorems of solutions for the mixed nonlinear variational-like inequalities are proved. Next, by applying the auxiliary problem technique, the author suggests an innovative iterative algorithm to compute the approximate solutions of the mixed nonlinear variational-like inequalities. Finally, the convergence criteria is also discussed.

Generalized variational-like inequalities

In this paper, we introduce a new class of variational-like inequalities. We use the auxiliary principle technique to prove the existence of a solution of the generalized variational-like inequalities and suggest an iterative algorithm.

Gamma-ray beam attenuation as an auxiliary technique for the evaluation of the soil water retention curve

The soil water retention curve is fundamental for the hydraulic characterization of a soil and has many applications in agricultural research as well as in practical agriculture. A new procedure for soil moisture and soil bulk density evaluation inside closed pressure chambers through gamma-ray beam attenuation is presented. The proposed procedure presents several advantages in relation to the traditional process: avoids the need of continuous sample manipulation; minimizes the problem of hysteresis; allows a more precise evaluation of soil moisture by taking into account changes of soil bulk density due to swelling or shrinking on addition or removal of water; allows frequent evaluation of soil moisture without the need of opening the pressure chamber; allows a more precise judgement of equilibrium; reduces drastically the time of the determination of the retention curve and allows easy automation of data acquisition by a computer.

Multianalyte immunoanalysis: practical aspects of manufacturing transducers

Specific Multiple Auxiliary Reagents Technique (SMART) is a novel procedure for the simultaneous detection and measurement of pluralities of analytes by immunoassay methods. The procedure is based on the use of numbers of specific protein binding separation systems (auxiliary immobilisation systems) which home the appropriate assay fractions relating to target analytes to pre-designated areas of sensor transducer surfaces. The procedure has a number of technically important advantages including the total independence of the preparation transducer elements of the target analytes.

On a class of multivalued variational inequalities

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of variational inequalities, which are called multivalued variational inequalities. These variational inequalities include as special cases, the previously known classes of variational inequalities. Using projection techniques, we show that multivalued variational inequalities are equivalent to fixed point problems and Wiener‐Hopf equations. These alternate formulations are used to suggest a number of iterative algorithms for solving multivalued variational inequalities. We also consider the auxiliary principle technique to study the existence of a solution of multivalued variational inequalities and suggest a novel iterative algorithm. In addition, we have shown that the auxiliary principle technique can be used to find the equivalent differentiable optimization problems for multivalued variational inequalities. Convergence analysis is also discussed.

Metal-insulator transition in a generalized Hubbard model with bond-charge interaction

The metal-insulator transition in a generalized Hubbard model with bondcharge interaction has been studied by means of the auxiliary field technique. The system exhibits both the conventional Mott-Hubbard transition, characterized by a continuous change in the number of current carriers, and a novel first-order metal-insulator transition owing to the bond-charge interaction, at which there is a discontinuity in the number of current carriers. The phase diagram in the parameter space spanned by the effective kinetic energy and the effective bond-charge interaction is presented for the three-dimensional case.

Simple Intermaxillary Fixation for Maxillomandibular Osteosynthesis

A simple intermaxillary fixation technique for the maxillomandibular osteosynthesis is devised using miniscrews and surgical wires. Using this technique, we have treated 13 cases of maxillomandibular fractures and osteotomies. Sufficient intermaxillary fixation was provided at surgery, and satisfactory results were obtained in all patients. This technique is quite simple and easy to use and requires no special instruments. Positive occlusion during surgery is obtained for the osteosynthesis, providing a very useful auxiliary technique for rigid internal fixation. The details of this technique are described.

General nonlinear mixed variational-link inequalities

In this paper. we introduce and study a new class of variational inequalities which is called the general strongly nonlinear mixed variational-like inequalities. This class is the most general and unifying one , The auxiliary principle technique is used to prove the unique existence of a solution of the variational-like inequality and to suggest a novel and innovative iterative algorithm. We also study the convergence analysis of the iterative algorithm. Several special cases. which can be obtained from our main results, are also discussed

On interative algorithms for a class of nonlinear variational inequalities

In this paper we use the auxiliary principle technique to suggest and analyze novel and innovative iterative algorithms for a class of nonlinear variational inequalities. Several special cases, which can be obtained from our main results, are also discussed.

Use of temporary miniplate for fixation in cases of mandibular fracture.

Luhr miniplate is used for temporary fixation and adjustment so that ideal occlusion and fracture alignment can be achieved. In this procedure, the lower edge of the mandible is first temporarily fixed, and precise bone alignment is achieved through dynamic compression using the temporary miniplate. Afterward, one or more miniplates are attached on the ideal line to maintain structural integrity during bone restoration. This method is a simple restoration technique that allows temporary auxiliary fixation to assist precise attachment of the manipulative miniplate. No special instrument or devices are required. It is, therefore, quite beneficial as an auxiliary technique for reconstructive surgery of this type.

A preliminary investigation of affective and cognitive response to erotic stimulation in men before and after sex therapy.

Affective and cognitive responses to erotic stimulation were studied in sexually dysfunctional men before and after treatment in a sex therapy program. A comparison group of functional men was studied over the same time interval. A pool of 34 Likert-scaled items assessing various cognitions, affects, and perceptions was administered during baseline and following two erotic audiotapes and a self-generated sexual fantasy. To focus on global response patterns rather than individual item responses, five aggregate indices (sexual arousal, physicality, sensuality, negative affect, positive affect) were derived using a strategy that combined face-validity and reliability analysis. Cluster analysis was employed as an auxiliary technique to confirm the coherence of these groupings. All five indices differentiated dysfunctional men from controls, and further, three indices (physicality, sensuality, sexual arousal) showed significant variation across types of erotic stimulation. Correlations among the five indices, as well as with penile response, revealed two trends that differentiated dysfunctional men from controls during the pretest, but that diminished following sex therapy in the dysfunctional men. Future investigations might further rely on multiple-item indices as described here. Such measures may provide a more integrated view of sexual response in the laboratory and lead to greater understanding of affective and perceptual differences between functional and dysfunctional men.

New-technology Development for Flow Measurement by means of Particle Tracking

A particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) for 2-D space has been developed and proved efficient through its application to turbulent measurement in thermal convection. It consists of the Kalman's filtering theory to estimate location of each particle image in the next frame, and the Chai-Square-test to evaluate the probability that a particle image in the next frame is identical to the estimated one. An auxiliary technique utilizing a generation method of the Delaunay triangular network is also employed to set initial estimates of velocities of particles which newly appear in the frame. The technology is now under improvement to be applicable to flow measurement in 3-D space. Some other efficient techniques to support the PTV under development are also presented.