Autoregressive Cross-lagged Models Research Articles

청소년의 우울, 공격성 및 수면시간 간의 종단적 인과관계 검증: 자기회귀 교차지연 모형의 적용

청소년의 우울, 공격성 및 수면시간 간의 종단적 인과관계 검증: 자기회귀 교차지연 모형의 적용

Daily parent-adolescent cortisol associations: Unpacking the direction of effects

Prior studies suggest bidirectional relationships between parent and adolescent behavior. This study examined how parents and their adolescent child’s cortisol patterns are associated across days and if there are bidirectional associations between parent and child cortisol. Participants included two samples of employees and their children who participated in a daily diary study where diurnal salivary cortisol was collected on four study days (N = 318 dyads, Myouth age = 13.18 years, 52 % female). Autoregressive cross-lagged models were used to estimate parent-driven effects (parent cortisol effects on adolescent cortisol) and adolescent-driven effects (adolescent cortisol effects on parent cortisol). Adolescents’ steeper cortisol awakening response (CAR) was significantly associated with parents’ steeper CAR the following day. Adolescents’ higher bedtime cortisol levels were also significantly associated with parents’ higher bedtime cortisol levels the following day. Parents’ cortisol did not predict their children’s next-day cortisol. Results support a primarily adolescent-driven process of stress transmission in families. These results suggest that interventions to reduce adolescent stress, as well as to reduce parents’ reactivity to adolescents, may be warranted.

A Longitudinal Examination of the Role of Self-Control in the Relation between Corporal Punishment Exposure and Adolescent Aggression.

Prior research has demonstrated the importance of low self-control and corporal punishment exposure as risk factors for the development of aggressive behaviors. However, much less is known about the interplay between these two factors, that is, the extent to which they each contribute uniquely to aggression and/or interact synergistically to create a profile of particularly severe risk. Similarly, high self-control may be a moderating protective factor that helps explain why only a subset of individuals exposed to corporal punishment develop high levels of aggression. Data from the longitudinal Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso) were used to address this question. Students completed self-report surveys at three time points; ages 11 (n = 1144; 51% males, 49% females), age 13 (n = 1366; 51% males, 49% females) and age 15 (n = 1447, 52% males and 48% females). An autoregressive cross-lagged panel model was used to examine self-control as a protective factor with both a direct effect and as a moderator of the links between corporal punishment and adolescent aggression across time. The results indicated that self-control was a protective factor against concurrent aggression. However, when considering the longitudinal effects, the protective capabilities of self-control differed depending on the stage of adolescence, gender and levels of exposure to risk. There was no consistent moderating effect of self-control. However, findings suggest that interventions that address low self-control are likely to be beneficial due to their direct effects on aggression, rather than by weakening the effects of exposure to harsh punishment.

From emotional exhaustion to cynicism in academic burnout among Korean high school students: Focusing on the mediation effects of hatred of academic work.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of academic hatred, referring to the hatred of academic work, on the developmental process of the core dimensions of academic burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Data were collected from 1015 (57.3% female) senior high school students in South Korea. The results showed that emotional exhaustion, cynicism and academic hatred were stable across three waves. An autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that emotional exhaustion was predictive of future academic hatred, which in turn was associated with future cynicism. Significant mediation pathways were also identified, with academic hatred mediating the longitudinal link between emotional exhaustion and cynicism. This longitudinal study can strengthen the understanding of academic hatred within the developmental process of academic burnout. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Longitudinal relationship between the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and that of their families: Application of an autoregressive cross-lagged model

Longitudinal relationship between the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and that of their families: Application of an autoregressive cross-lagged model

부분제약 자기회귀교차지연 모형을 적용한 청소년의 교우관계와 다문화 수용성의 종단적 관계 분석

본 연구는 청소년의 교우관계와 다문화 수용성 간 종단적 관계의 안정성과 변동성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에 ‘부분제약 자기회귀교차지연 모형(The Partial Restricted Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model)을 활용하여 한국 아동·청소년 패널 조사(KCYPS)가 제공한 초등학교 4 패널의 초등학교 5학년부터 중학교 3학년까지의 5년간의 종단 데이터를 활용하여 7개의 경쟁모형을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 다섯 시점에서 교우관계와 다문화 수용성의 자기회귀 계수를 측정한 결과 다문화 수용성은 초등학교 시기에, 교우관계는 중학교 시기에 다른 시점보다 더 안정적인 경향을 보여주었다. 그리고 다문화 수용성과 교우관계 모두 이전 시점이 다음 시점에 미치는 영향력이 시점이 경과할수록 전반적으로 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 교우관계와 다문화 수용성의 교차지연계수를 측정한 결과 다문화 수용성보다 교우관계의 영향력이 전반적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 교우관계의 교차지연효과는 중학교 재학 시기에 더 안정적인 경향을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 원만한 교우관계를 형성하고 개선해나가는 것을 기반으로 한 다문화 교육의 접근이 필요함을 시사한다. 마지막으로 이러한 연구 결과에 기초하여 교육적 시사점 및 후속 연구의 필요성을 논의하였다.

청소년의 우울과 스마트폰 의존의 종단적 관계: 자기회귀교차지연 효과 분석

청소년의 우울과 스마트폰 의존의 종단적 관계: 자기회귀교차지연 효과 분석

Family network satisfaction moderates treatment effects among homeless youth experiencing suicidal ideation

ObjectiveLimited research has evaluated the efficacy of suicide prevention interventions among homeless youth, especially considering how their connectedness with their family would impact treatment outcomes. MethodSuicidal homeless youth (N = 150) between the ages of 18–24 years were recruited from a local drop-in center. Youth were randomly assigned to Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention (CTSP) + Treatment as Usual (TAU) or Treatment as Usual alone. Youth reported their family network satisfaction at the baseline assessment, whereas their suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were assessed at baseline and three additional times during a nine-month period. ResultsA multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged model suggests that CTSP was associated with lower suicidal ideation and lower thwarted belongingness only among those with high family network satisfaction. Among both groups, perceived burdensomeness predicted higher suicidal ideation, which in turn predicted lower perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Additionally, only among youth with low family network satisfaction, thwarted belongingness predicted lower suicidal ideation. ConclusionsFindings suggest that family network satisfaction may be an important factor when considering cognitive interventions with homeless youth, with implications to improve treatment efforts and to reduce premature mortality, hospitalization and loss of human capital in a very high-risk population.

Examining effects of mother and father warmth and control on child externalizing and internalizing problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries.

This study used data from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States; N = 1,315) to investigate bidirectional associations between parental warmth and control, and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, the extent to which these associations held across mothers and fathers and across cultures with differing normative levels of parent warmth and control were examined. Mothers, fathers, and children completed measures when children were ages 8 to 13. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that evocative child-driven effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior on warmth and control are ubiquitous across development, cultures, mothers, and fathers. Results also reveal that parenting effects on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, though rarer than child effects, extend into adolescence when examined separately in mothers and fathers. Father-based parent effects were more frequent than mother effects. Most parent- and child-driven effects appear to emerge consistently across cultures. The rare culture-specific parenting effects suggested that occasionally the effects of parenting behaviors that run counter to cultural norms may be delayed in rendering their protective effect against deleterious child outcomes.

Longitudinal relations between substance use abstinence motivations and substance use behaviors in adolescence: A self-determination theory approach.

We employed self-determination theory (SDT) as a framework for examining longitudinal relations between adolescents' motivations to abstain from substances and their subsequent substance use. Participants were 475 adolescents in the United States. The data came from annual surveys following adolescents from age 16 to 19. The measures included self-reports of controlled and autonomous motivations to abstain from substances, as well as substance use frequency. We used structural equation modeling to estimate autoregressive cross-lagged models of controlled and autonomous abstinence motivations predicting substance use a year later (with 3years of data on abstinence motivations and 4years of data on substance use). Autonomous motivation predicted decreases in substance use, while controlled motivation predicted increases. Follow-up analyses also revealed that relations between abstinence motivations and substance use increase in strength with greater time lags, and decreases in autonomous abstinence motivation partially mediate the link between controlled abstinence motivation and later substance use. This study demonstrated the usefulness of SDT in understanding motivations to abstain from substance use during adolescence. In line with this theoretical approach, autonomous motivations for abstinence were adaptive while controlled motivations for abstinence were maladaptive.

The Longitudinal Bidirectional Relationship between Social Relationship and Depression in Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model

The Longitudinal Bidirectional Relationship between Social Relationship and Depression in Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model

The Explanatory Mechanism of Child Impulsivity in the Bidirectional Associations between Parental Psychological Control and Child Physical Aggression

Parental psychological control is a stressor that may provoke children’s aggression. However, whether there are bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and children’s physical aggression remains unclear, as does the mechanism underlying these associations. Using an autoregressive cross-lagged model, the present study tested (a) the extent to which parental psychological control predicts physical aggression and vice versa, and (b) whether child impulsivity explains this bidirectional association. Data were collected across three time points (fall semester of 4th grade, spring semester of 4th grade, and fall semester of 5th grade). A sample of 689 children (385 boys, 304 girls) completed questionnaires regarding parental psychological control, impulsivity and physical aggression. Gender, age and socioeconomic status were controlled in the analyses. As hypothesized, the findings showed that there was a direct longitudinal connection from parental psychological control to child physical aggression, and the inverse relation was also significant. Moreover, the results demonstrated an indirect link from parental psychological control to physical aggression via child impulsivity, but the inverse effect was not significant. Our findings suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between parental psychological control and children’s physical aggression, and that the parent-driven component of this bidirectional process is mediated by child impulsivity. The results have potential applied value for prevention and intervention.

Peer Preference, Perceived Popularity, and the Teacher–Child Relationship in Special Education

This four-wave longitudinal study examined bidirectional associations among pupils’ social status (preference and popularity) and teacher–child relationship characteristics (quality, support, satisfaction, and conflict) in special education. Participants included 586 pupils (86% boys) initially attending Grades 4 and 5 ( Mage Wave 1 = 10.82 years, SD = 0.86) and their teachers. Reports of teacher–child relationships were collected from teachers and pupils through questionnaires. Peer nominations were used to assess preference and popularity. Autoregressive cross-lagged models indicated that preference predicted changes in satisfaction between school years. Conflict in the teacher–child relationship predicted preference, and preference and popularity predicted conflict within and between school years. Bidirectionality of the associations depended on the aspect of the teacher–child relationship and the dimension of social status. Conflict was more robustly related to social status than satisfaction, support, and pupil-reported relationship quality. The associations within school years were not more robust than associations between school years.

I am satisfied with my sweetheart, therefore I am satisfied with my life (and vice versa): a cross-lagged autoregressive panel model

Forming, maintaining, and ending romantic relationship is a crucial developmental task in emerging adulthood and highly correlated with psychosocial well-being. Although the direction of associations between relational and individual processes has been investigated in married couples, the longitudinal links between relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction has not yet been explored in premarital relationships of emerging adults. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore whether there is a top-down, bottom-up, or bidirectional effect between these two variables. Emerging adults (n = 182; 155 females, 27 males; Mage = 21.23, SDage = 1.62) from a public university responded self-report measures of the Couples Satisfaction Index and the Satisfaction with Life Scale at two time points over a 14-week interval. A cross-lagged autoregressive panel model analysis indicated that there was a bidirectional association between satisfaction in relationship domain and overall life satisfaction in premarital romantic relationships of emerging adults. The present findings importantly contribute to close relationships and well-being literatures. Study strengths, limitations, and implications are discussed.

Do developmental changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking uniquely predict violent victimization? A test of the dual systems model

PurposePrevious research has revealed that variation in levels of self-control is associated with violent victimization. Absent from this line of research is an evaluation of whether unique components of self-control, reflective of the dual-systems model, are uniquely associated with violent victimization from adolescence through young adulthood. MethodsThe current study analyzed longitudinal data from a population-based sample of youth to assess bidirectional associations among impulsivity, sensation seeking, and violent criminal victimization from ages 16 to 23. Latent growth curve models were estimated to examine developmental trajectories of impulsivity and sensation seeking. Autoregressive cross-lagged models were used to assess the direction of effects between variables over time. ResultsEvidence for the dual systems model of self-control was found with impulsivity and sensation seeking developing at different rates from adolescence into young adulthood. Changes in impulsivity were positively associated with changes in violent criminal victimization from adolescence through young adulthood. However, changes in sensation seeking were not associated with changes in victimization. ConclusionsFindings from the current study provide further evidence for the dual systems model of self-control and suggest that impulsivity may be a more potent risk factor for violent criminal victimization than sensation seeking.

ARE THERE BIDIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COGNITION AND BALANCE ABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM A BRITISH BIRTH COHORT

Age-related changes in cognitive and balance abilities are well-established, as is their correlation with one another. There is, however, limited evidence regarding the directionality of associations and whether or not common biological processes may underlie their age-related declines. The main aim was to explore bidirectional associations between balance and cognitive abilities in mid-later life using data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, the 1946 British birth cohort (n=2735). Cognition was assessed at ages 43, 53, 60-64 and 69 with verbal memory and search speed tasks. One-legged standing balance time (eyes closed) was assessed at ages 53, 60-64 and 69. Two autoregressive cross-lagged models simultaneously assessed bidirectional associations of balance with verbal memory and search speed over time. Results suggest a unidirectional association between verbal memory and subsequent balance in both sexes, decreasing with age from 0.14 SD balance (95%CI: 0.10,0.17) per 1SD verbal memory to 0.06 (0.01,0.10) to 0.05 (0.01,0.09). Search speed at age 43 was associated with balance at age 53 [men: 0.11(0.06,0.16); women: 0.09 (0.03,0.13)]; additionally, in men, there was evidence of a bidirectional association between ages 60-64 and 69 [balance to search speed: 0.05 (0.00,0.10); search speed to balance: 0.09 (0.02,0.16)]. These findings support the notion that successful balance relies mainly upon cognitive processing to successfully integrate vestibular, visual and proprioceptive input with motor output. Including a cognitive component in balance and fall risk intervention programs could have an additive benefit in improving neural pathways involved in balance and thus reducing fall risk.

Patterns of Homotypic and Heterotypic Continuity Between ADHD Symptoms, Externalising and Internalising Problems from Age 7 to 15

ADHD presents a serious community-health problem through its links to a wide range of negative outcomes. These outcomes are exacerbated when ADHD symptoms co-occur with other mental health problems. Research evidence suggests high rates of co-comorbidity with a range of problems. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research that examines the predictive links between ADHD symptoms and symptoms of other mental health problems. We examined a cross-lagged autoregressive model in order to assess homotypic and heterotypic continuity between ADHD symptoms, aggressive behavior, non-aggressive behavior problems and anxiety/depression in a community-based sample of 1571 youth (761 female, 810 male) assessed annually from age 7 to 13 and again at age 15. Consistently significant correlations between each pair of problem behaviors provided support for concurrent comorbidity. Furthermore, significant autoregressive pathways provided support for homotypic continuity. Support for heterotypic continuity was limited to ADHD symptoms predicting both aggressive behavior and non-aggressive behavior problems, but not vice versa. Our study highlights the importance of focusing on ADHD symptoms to identify children at risk not only for continued ADHD symptomatology but also a range of externalizing behavior problems including different types of aggression and non-aggressive behavior problems, such as rule-breaking. Identifying these patterns in a community-based sample provides support for the possibility of early identification of risk for a range of problem behaviors.

Reciprocal associations between depression, anxiety and work-related injury

ObjectiveTo examine the reciprocal longitudinal associations between depression or anxiety with work-related injury (WRI) at a large employer in the southwestern United States.MethodThree administrative datasets (2011–2013) were merged: employee eligibility,...

Temporal precedence of self-regulation over depression and alcohol problems: Support for a model of self-regulatory failure.

Alcohol use is highly comorbid with depression, especially among college students, whose rates of both phenomena are higher than in the general population. The self-medication hypothesis (i.e., alcohol use is negatively reinforced via the alleviation of negative affect) has dominated explanatory models of comorbidity. However, self-regulation has also demonstrated cross-sectional relationships with both depression and alcohol problems and may contribute to the development of alternative comorbidity models. Self-regulation introduces three alternative models that can be tested empirically: (a) a depressed regulation model, (b) a central nervous system depressant model, and (c) a self-regulatory failure model. The purpose of this study was to test the utility of these models (in addition to the self-medication hypothesis) by examining the temporal precedence in the relations between self-regulation, depressive symptoms, and alcohol problems among heavy-drinking college students (N = 393) over 5 assessment points (baseline, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 16 months) using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. Lower self-regulation, and higher alcohol problems and depressive symptoms, prospectively predicted higher depressive symptoms. Higher alcohol problems and lower self-regulation prospectively predicted higher alcohol problems. Only self-regulation prospectively predicted self-regulation. These results were consistent across multiple time points. Findings are consistent with a self-regulatory failure model of depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Therefore, self-regulation may be an important etiological variable and potential intervention target to reduce both alcohol problems and depressive symptoms among college students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

A Longitudinal Study on the Parenting Effectiveness of Multicultural Families and Self-esteem and Achievement Motivation of Multicultural Adolescents: Verification of Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model

A Longitudinal Study on the Parenting Effectiveness of Multicultural Families and Self-esteem and Achievement Motivation of Multicultural Adolescents: Verification of Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model