Development Of Autonomous System Research Articles

A Review of Driving Simulation Technology and Applications

Driving simulation has become a very useful tool for vehicle design and research in industry and educational institutes. This paper provides a review of driving simulator components, including the vehicle dynamics model, the motion system, and the virtual environment, and how they interact with the human perceptual system in order to create the illusion of the driving. In addition, a sample of current state-of-the-art vehicle simulators and algorithms are described. Finally, current applications are discussed, such as driver-centered studies, chassis and powertrain design, and autonomous systems development.

Development of autonomous traction system of electric vehicle with electronic differential and fuzzy control system

The article discusses the optimal layout of an autonomous vehicle traction system. In modern society, a special place is occupied by environmental issues. From year to year, a huge amount of statistics is published that reflect the scale of the damage that human products cause to the environment. Today, the main “pest” on the planet is surely cars with an internal combustion engine. At the same time, a complete rejection of motor transport, both in Russia and in the world, is impossible, because the life of modern man is inextricably linked with the constant movements, which are not always possible through urban electric transport. In recent years, many manufacturers of transport systems see the way out in autonomous electric transport systems development, which, in the future, will be able to replace vehicles with an internal combustion engine. In this article traction system variants, choice of electric motor optimal location, and also the control systems analysis which would correspond to requirements to the given technical process are considered.

Cooperative Loitering Munition Swarm Online Patrolling Route Planning with Nonlinear Seeker Measurement

With the development of autonomous systems, the operational use of loitering munition is shifting from the following of a preplanned fixed route without communication to smart decision-making and collaborative cooperation with sharing information. In this paper, we study the autonomous decision-making and cooperative control strategy of online patrolling for a swarm of loitering munitions using communication to coordinate their route based on maximizing the information they gathered in the operation region. Taking the non-Gaussian nonlinear property of airborne radar seeker into account, we utilized a particle filter-based method to evaluate or to predict the information quality of each action candidate. We also implemented a coordinate descent scheme to enable a distributed and scalable swarm decision-making. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides a better estimation than baselines without the need for external or centralized decision agent.

Singularity and Coordination Problems: Pandemic Lessons from 2020

One of the strands of the Transhumanist movement, Singulitarianism, studies the possibility that high-level artificial intelligence may be created in the future, debating ways to ensure that the interaction between human society and advanced artificial intelligence can occur safely and beneficially. But how can we guarantee this safe interaction? Are there any indications that a Singularity may be on the horizon? In trying to answer these questions, We'll make a small introduction to the area of security research in artificial intelligence. We'll review some of the current paradigms in the development of autonomous intelligent systems and evidence that we can use to prospect the coming of a possible technological Singularity. Finally, we will present a reflection using the COVID-19 pandemic, something that showed that our biggest problem in managing existential risks is our lack of coordination skills as a global society.

The development of autonomous unmanned aircraft systems for mosquito control

We constructed an electric multi-rotor autonomous unmanned aerial system (UAS) to perform mosquito control activities. The UAS can be equipped with any of four modules for spraying larvicides, dropping larvicide tablets, spreading larvicide granules, and ultra-low volume spraying of adulticides. The larvicide module sprayed 124 μm drops at 591 mL/min over a 14 m swath for a total application rate of 1.6 L/ha. The tablet module was able to repeatedly deliver 40-gram larvicide tablets within 1.1 m of the target site. The granular spreader covered a 6 m swath and treated 0.76 ha in 13 min at an average rate of 1.8 kg/ha. The adulticide module produced 16 μm drops with an average deposition of 2.6 drops/mm2. UAS pesticide applications were made at rates prescribed for conventional aircraft, limited only by the payload capacity and flight time. Despite those limitations, this system can deliver pesticides with much greater precision than conventional aircraft, potentially reducing pesticide use. In smaller, congested environments or in programs with limited resources, UAS may be a preferable alternative to conventional aircraft.

Exclusivity and Paternalism in the Public Governance of Explainable AI

In this comment, we address the apparent exclusivity and paternalism of goal and standard setting for explainable AI and its implications for the public governance of AI. We argue that the widening use of AI decision-making, including the development of autonomous systems, not only poses widely-discussed risks for human autonomy in itself, but is also the subject of a standard-setting process that is remarkably closed to effective public contestation. The implications of this turn in governance for democratic decision-making in Britain have also yet to be fully appreciated. As the governance of AI gathers pace, one of the major tasks will be ensure not only that AI systems are technically ‘explainable’ but that, in a fuller sense, the relevant standards and rules are contestable and that governing institutions and processes are open to democratic contestability.

High-velocity ice impact damage quantification in composite laminates using a frequency domain-based correlation approach

This paper investigates the feasibility of using a novel domain-based correlation approach derived from the complex frequency domain assurance criterion (CFDAC) for the detection and quantification of impact damage in composite laminates. The CFDAC is essentially a complex-valued two-dimensional indicator of the covariance between two sets of frequency response functions for each pair of spectral lines corresponding to vibration-response of pristine and damage states. The study focuses on damage induced by high-velocity ice impacts on carbon fiber laminated plates. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology correctly identifies the level of induced damage via a user-independent scalar damage indicator. Therefore, this approach has potential use as a damage indicator, which could be adapted as a structural assessment non-destructive method. This research aims to contribute to the further development of functional, autonomous, and reliable structural health monitoring systems for composite structures based on spectral-domain indices.

Photovoltaic effect-driven IR response of heterojunctions obtained by direct CVD synthesis of MoS2 nanolayers on crystalline silicon

The development of technologies of hybrid structures with combined three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials is being recognised as a highly attractive opportunity to create new optoelectronic devices with unique properties originating from the atomic thin structures. In the present study, a novel approach in the direct synthesis of MoS2 2D-layers on p-Si was proved to be acceptable for fabricating a photovoltaic effect–driven photodetector based on a hybrid 2D/3D heterojunction that included an atomically thin n-MoS2 film and crystalline p-Si substrate. It was demonstrated experimentally that the heterojunction with the top and bottom contacts was highly sensitive to illumination between 650 and 1200 nm. The experimental study proved that the response to light was originated by the photovoltaic effect in the sample devices without an external power supply. The maximum sensitivity of the 2D/3D heterostructures to the optical power of the illumination was up to 210 V W−1 and was practically independent of the wavelength. The analysis of experimental I–V, C-V characteristics, Raman spectra and AFM surface images allowed us to construct a flat band model of the hybrid 2D/3D n-p-heterojunction that explained the electrical properties of the n-MoS2/p-Si photodetectors. The photovoltaic effect-driven light detectors offer highly promising possibilities in the development of autonomous photonic systems.

Разработка автономных энерготехнологических комплексов с водородным накопителем энергии

Разработка автономных энерготехнологических комплексов с водородным накопителем энергии

The Development of Raspi-Met System with Raspberry Pi3 for Meteorological Monitoring in Remote Areas

The development of autonomous weather station systems using Raspberry Pi3 as a new alternative, named as ‘Raspi-Met’ to enhance conventional meteorological systems is reported in this paper. Today, a weather station with a compact size is required due to limited space and cost involved. Thus, this paper aims to design an application system using Raspberry Pi3 which is connected to Vaisala PTU300 sensors as Automatic Weather Station (AWS). The Python language under LINUX has been employed to design a graphical user interface (GUI) for a real-time monitoring system, acquisition process, and displaying three meteorological parameters at desired intervals. Data storage management and daily file in a text (*.txt) format have been created to archive historical data. The RTC module has also been developed and connected to Raspberry Pi3 to synchronize and maintain the time and date of the measurement system after the power is on. The system was installed at Carlini Base, Antarctica and has the ability to measure the surface pressure (P), temperature (T), and relative humidity (H). The results have been tested and validated that the system is capable as an AWS in the Antarctic Peninsula. The development of Raspi-Met system exhibits remarkable measurements of meteorological parameters for remote areas and the database organization becomes more efficient and practical.

Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care in Singapore

ABSTRACT Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel technology applications. Using an in-depth case study, we examined the adoption of novel technologies such as robotics and autonomous systems in LTC to meet the rising social care demand in Singapore consequent to its ageing population. We first described the LTC sector in Singapore and traced the development of robotics and autonomous systems deployed in the LTC setting. We then examined technological risks and ethical issues that are associated with their applications. In addressing these technological risks and ethical concerns, Singapore has adopted a regulatory sandbox approach that fosters experimentation through the creation of a robotics test-bed and the initiation of various robotics pilots in different health clusters. The stakeholders largely envision positive scenarios of human-robot coexistence in the LTC setting. When robots can take over routine and manual care duties in the future, human care workers can be freed up to provide more personalised care to the care recipients. We also highlighted existing gaps in the governance of technological risks and ethical issues surrounding the deployment of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC that can be advanced as future research agendas.

I Met Viki on the 29th of August: Why Autonomous Weapon Systems are Defensible and Should Be Developed

In this paper, I argue that there is no theoretical bar to the development of autonomous weapon systems, and that their practical benefits must be considered. Further, I argue that meaningful human control, as a guiding principle for the development of smart weapons, is based on fundamentally flawed arguments. I also argue that human control, in itself, is not an adequate check on such autonomous weapons. I finally argue that it is possible to hold an autonomous weapon system responsible for its actions, and that there is a way to enforce punishment and reward schemas.

Centralization of gas supply systems based on butane-air mixture

The expansion of the construction of cottage villages, isolated settlements in ecologically clean areas, away from large cities, as well as the provision of gas to the settlements of the eastern part of the Russian Federation, sets the task of developing autonomous gas supply systems. A significant deterrent to the development of autonomous gas supply systems based on butane mixtures with air is their high cost and the absence of scientifically sound recommendations for choosing system parameters. To develop scientifically sound recommendations for the design of systems, considering all the factors of influence that ensure the optimal cost of gasification and subsequent maintenance by the consumer, additional studies are necessary. The article considers the choice of optimal centralization of gas supply systems based on a mixture of butane with air to determine the minimum cost of construction and operation for consumers. the systems analysis, mathematic model methods with calculation of optimal values in the presence of corresponding limits and the methods of material correlation processing are used. The data have been obtained for effective centralization of gas supply systems based on butane-air mixture. The criteria are set which influence the optimum number of houses connected to a tank installation, such as population density in a gas supplied area, climatic features of an area, a type of consumer’s gas-using equipment and a form of settlement development. As a result of the research, the optimum number of apartments has been determined for gas supply to a settlement connected to a tank installation. These recommendations will make it possible to increase efficiency of gas supply source selection and consumer connecting to a gas sup-ply network at minimum cost for consumers

An approach to design and develop generic integrated architecture for autonomic software system

The continuous increase in the system’s software management and run-time exception problems in system’s software leads to the development of self-managed autonomic software systems. The idea of developing autonomic software system was proposed by IBM in 2001. The approach involves prevention of security threats; system or any of the system’s software failures, and will promise high performance software system. Autonomic computing approach is inspired by the autonomic human nervous system. The human nervous system is self-capable and sends instant control messages to the brain to control body temperature, to take unconscious decision, heal body wound, prevent body from danger, etc. The human body nervous system takes decision itself without the consciousness of a human. Similar approach was tried to develop in software system by IBM which followed by different IT industries such as Microsoft, HP, Oracle etc. The autonomic computing approach makes the decision-making process more reliable and responsive. With the development in the field of autonomic computing, run-time exception handling task, security threats, system failures related issues have been resolved at some extent but it compromises software systems’ performance. The reason of low system’s performance is the implementation of the autonomic features for different software systems’ functionalities which makes the software system more complex. To manage system’s software complexity, there is a need to define high-level administrative policies for system’s software management. Several autonomic software systems’ architecture ideas have been proposed by the researchers so far for system’s software management. However, the existing architectures are designed and developed in such a way that it will retain the system’s complexity due to which software systems’ performance degrade. Also, the existing architectures are not designed with complete autonomic features. Compared to existing architectures, the authors in the present paper proposed architecture to reduce the software management complexity and designed a self-managed policy system. This will in result improve software systems’ performance. The exceptions are categorized in two: autonomic and non-autonomic exceptions. To improve the performance of the proposed architecture, mapping of exceptions will be performed in terms of fully-matched, partially matched and not matched. The proposed work on self-management properties has been implemented using case study which gives promising results and confidence for the same in real-time complex applications also.

What We Need to Consider During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Even though extreme containment and mitigation strategies were implemented by numerous governments around the world to slow down the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of critically ill patients and fatalities keeps rising. This crisis has highlighted the socioeconomic disparities of health care systems within and among countries. As new CoVID policies and responses are implemented to lessen the impact of the virus, it is imperative (1) to consider additional mitigation strategies critical for the development of effective countermeasures, (2) to promote long-term policies and strict regulations of the trade of wildlife and live animal markets, and (3) to advocate for necessary funding and investments in global health, specifically for the prevention of and response to natural and manmade pandemics. This document considers some of these challenges.

Autonomous pH control by reinforcement learning for electroplating industry wastewater

The electroplating industry, due to steps such as pickling, generates acid pH wastewater. Its treatment is important for environmental preservation and the future recovery of metals. Therefore, the main objective of this work was the development of an autonomous pH controller for electroplating industry liquid effluents, based on fully automated Reinforcement Learning (RL). In order to do that, a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) neutralization simulator, and an adapted Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to automate the choice of RL hyperparameters were developed. The controller was developed and validated when it stabilized the effluent's pH in a neutral range in different scenarios during the regulatory and servo operations better than a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. The development of autonomous wastewater pH control systems in coated surface treatment units is a significant advancement, as it reduces human intervention and allows the monitoring of variability associated with the electroplating industry.

An approach to reduce energy consumption and performance losses on heterogeneous servers using power capping

Rapid growth of demand for remote computational power, along with high energy costs and infrastructure limits, has led to treating power usage as a primary constraint in data centers. Especially, recent challenges related to development of exascale systems or autonomous edge systems require tools that will limit power usage and energy consumption. This paper presents a power capping method that allows operators to quickly adjust the power usage to external conditions and, at the same time, to reduce energy consumption and negative impact on performance of applications. We propose an optimization model and both heuristic and exact methods to solve this problem. We present an evaluation of power capping approaches supported by results of application benchmarks and experiments performed on new heterogeneous servers.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОГО СТАНУ СТУДЕНТІВ З КРАЇН БЛИЗЬКОГО СХОДУ

The article analyzes the problem of the modern ideas about the physiological mechanisms, which support the health of foreign students in the organism-environment system in the conditions of study in institutions of higher education of Ukraine. The aim is to give a comparative characteristics of student's physical state from Middle East countries. The male fourth-year students from Egypt and Israel have participated in the study. The authors carried out the analysis of special scientific and methodical literature, parameters of physical development and indicators of cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, physical work capacity of the foreign students. The study has showed the predominance of morphofunctional indicators of Israelis in comparison with students from Egypt in indicators of life index, strength index of wrist and posture dynamometry, chest excursion. It is probable that most of students from Egypt (36,4%) had overweight than students from Israel (8,3%). According to the Kerdoe’s Vegetative Index, ortho- and clinostatic tests, which characterize the influence of sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions of autonomic regulation, the probable (p ≤ 0,05) differences between the groups of subjects have been obtained, that allows to state that foreign students have the imbalance in the autonomic regulation of body, so, to some extent, students in Israel have a tendency towards predominance of parasympathicotonic influences, while students from Egypt have a tendency towards predominance of sympathicotonic effects. The study of cardiovascular system types of physical activity and physical work capacity shows that most of the foreign students had a normotensive type of reaction to physical exertion, high and above average level of physical work capacity. According to the conducted study, a negative impact of the environment on the mechanisms of autonomic support of the cardiovascular system was revealed, that requires some attention and timely adequate correction in order to prevent disorders of the nervous activity and the adaptive capacities of the students’ body in the analyzed groups.

Deep learning for automated detection of Drosophila suzukii: potential for UAV-based monitoring.

BACKGROUNDThe fruit fly Drosophila suzukii, or spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is a serious pest worldwide, attacking many soft‐skinned fruits. An efficient monitoring system that identifies and counts SWD in crops and their surroundings is therefore essential for integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Existing methods, such as catching flies in liquid bait traps and counting them manually, are costly, time‐consuming and labour‐intensive. To overcome these limitations, we studied insect trap monitoring using image‐based object detection with deep learning.RESULTSBased on an image database with 4753 annotated SWD flies, we trained a ResNet‐18‐based deep convolutional neural network to detect and count SWD, including sex prediction and discrimination. The results show that SWD can be detected with an area under the precision recall curve (AUC) of 0.506 (female) and 0.603 (male) in digital images taken from a static position. For images collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the algorithm detected SWD individuals with an AUC of 0.086 (female) and 0.284 (male). The lower AUC for the aerial imagery was due to lower image quality caused by stabilisation manoeuvres of the UAV during image collection.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that it is possible to monitor SWD using deep learning and object detection. Moreover, the results demonstrate the potential of UAVs to monitor insect traps, which could be valuable in the development of autonomous insect monitoring systems and IPM. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

An algorithmic approach for optimising biometric systems using liveness and coercion detection

This paper looks at the possibility of creating an algorithm that will combine liveness and coercion modalities, along with organisational factors such as workforce composition. The hypothesis is that the algorithm can produce a value that can further be used to compare different setups of biometric security for self-optimisation by taking in the context of technique compatibility and user requirements. To this end, the algorithm focuses on four main aspects: time, participants, anomalous user-bases, and device redundancy inside a typical organisation. An experimental methodology has been used, focusing on the development of the algorithm, its associated effects, and how different parameters can be reliably estimated. After testing, the algorithm is proved to work as it creates an appropriate value, called the security value, which can be used to discover the best combinations of modalities for fusion development or practical installation for a given situation. There are some issues with this primarily due to data provision, the requirements for more data to parse through the algorithm, and finally, the need for a suitable interface, otherwise it may be too complex for efficient usage in a traditional security environment. There are potential implications within a general security application such as liveness and coercion multimodal fusion and autonomous system development and pervasive environments, allowing dynamic security systems to be developed. However, the main focus of this algorithm is to highlight the fusion of liveness and coercion detection and how they can be best applied to specific security scenarios.