Autonomous Subject Research Articles

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF AUTONOMY OF LABOR

Information and communication technologies largely influenced the formation of autonomous labor, because changed the segments and the specifics of the modern labor market, led to the development of new forms of employment, which determined the new qualification requirements for modern specialists. In the conditions of the information society, the socio-economic adaptation of an autonomous subject is a criterion of effective work, therefore an autonomous subject should be able to use informationcommunication technologies in their professional activities. In this connection, the article analyzes the problem of using information and communication technologies by autonomous specialists in the conditions of the formation of autonomous labor in modern Russian society. It is shown that network resources at the federal and regional levels (http://smb.gov.ru, https://corpmsp.ru, https://rcsme.ru, https://deloros.ru, https://www.biznet.ru, http://vse-dlya-ip.ru, https://openbusiness.ru, http://stavgarant26.ru, https://www.microfond26.ru, http://staveconom.ru, www.stavregion.ru/stat/economics/m-ent and others) aimed at providing information and analytical support for small and medium-sized businesses, supporting and promoting business projects, attracting Russian and foreign investors, searching for business partners, etc. they allow entrepreneurs and self-employed specialists to receive the necessary information for the development of autonomous labor, in particular, in the Stavropol Territory. Using the results of sociological surveys conducted among individual entrepreneurs, freelancers and students in the Stavropol Territory, it is concluded that for effective organization of autonomous labor at the regional level, it is necessary to integrate information and communication technologies into production and management processes that contribute to the analysis, prediction and management decisions, by creating the conditions for advanced training of autonomous specialists and functioning with relevant infrastructure and a single information field.

Cristianismo pós-moderno: midrash do tempo messiânico segundo a teologia de Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

Partindo do pensamento de Carlos Mendoza Álvarez, descreve-se os traços constitutivos do cristianismo pós-moderno como um autêntico midrash da temporalidade messiânica. Pretendese responder a crucial pergunta: Como viver a esperança messiânica em meio à crescente espiral de violência que caracteriza os tempos pós-modernos? Trata-se de pensar a experiência cristã de Deus sob o signo irreversível da subjetividade autônoma e o fim da metafísica clássica, para pôr em relevo a pertinência e a significação do cristianismo no contexto da pós-modernidade. A questão da esperança enlaça-se à pergunta pelas “representações do divino” e da “vida teologal” credíveis sob a cultura do fragmento.

Perception of the Moral Development of the Child With Autoimmune Disease by Clinicians and Researchers

This article presents an analysis about meanings that clinicians and researchers have regarding the autonomy of the mature minor with autoimmune disease, which could lead to different power practices during the moment of taking the informed consent, keeping in mind the doctrine of the minor mature. Consequently, the role of clinicians and researchers in contributing to the moral development or autonomy of the child. The objective was to describe the meanings or perceptions of doctors and researchers, at the time of informed consent, in relation to the autonomy or moral development of the child with autoimmune disease, arising from their experiences, knowledge and prior conceptions of the child. The methodology used was of a qualitative nature with a subjectivist and interpretative approach and a transversal scope. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 21 people, researchers and doctors, who attend children with autoimmune diseases, whose data were analyzed through the Atlas Ti program. 8.0. In conclusion, the informed consent is a process of assertive communication ethical model that seeks the moral structuring of the child beyond what is perceived by the clinician or researcher, in addition the clinicians and researchers consider that to structure the minor is to perceive him as an autonomous subject; which is possible when it shows adherence to treatment and responsible care independently of the tutor's support.

Political theology; revising the relation of theology and the political issue with the emphasis on the narratives of Karl Schmidt

In this paper, three commonly used concepts of political theology in different periods of the history of Western thoughts are briefly reviewd. The golden age of political thought in the west called most of the politics functions for theology as political theology. The political issue is considered as an autonomous and independent subject, which reserves the ability for itself to change theology. With the advent of Christianity and its influence on the political and governance pillars, this equation was reversed for centuries, and politics,as the theology servant,was identified as an ancestral affair. It is only in the modern times that Weber, by stating that science should be away from value, created a bedrock for political theology, in which it was not necessary to be a theologist to reach theology. In this context, Schmidt serves the concept of political theology in a sociological sense to serving to depict that the modern state, alongside with its preceding times, is a theological concept that has survived by omitting secular theology.

Латинская Америка и меняющийся мир

Reviewed book is a complex work devoted to the sociopolitical challenges and the problems of economic and integral development of the Latin America in the context of building a new international order. The authors analyzed the present situation of intra- and extraregional collaboration of Latin American countries and activities of supranational communities. Moreover, they assessed the region's ability to become single and autonomous subject in international relations. In this monography were identified the major threats and challenges that might interfere with this. In this regard, the authors consider that extraregional factors play an important role, in particular, the impact of the USA of the countries and regional integration associations. Greatly disunity among Latin American states, they impossibility of reaching consensus-based positions and on the basis of this of building the sustainable international system owing to the United States direct impact and the Organization of American States role in the region. The sustainability of the oldest integration system, such as OAS, and the ideologically based conditionalities of own Latin American integration do not permit a fully strong and enduring alliance. The part of the Latin American countries tend to transpacific integration, and the others of them interested in Chinese investments. In general, interests vary of Latin American countries leads to discord among nationalities that is detrimental to the chances of the region to become one of the pole in the multipolar world. The monograph is of interest to Latin American studies and to all who want know more about international relations.

A Decentralized Optimal Operation of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids Equipped With Power Electronic Transformer

In the AC/DC hybrid microgrids equipped with power electronic transformer (PET), different AC grids and DC grids are connected through multiport PET to operate the entire network in a secure and economic manner. This paper proposes a decentralized optimal power flow model, considering the multiport coordinated control strategy of PET, for running autonomous AC/DC hybrid microgrids. To optimize the power flow in the network, the steady state model of PET is established, including voltage source converter power injection model and Kriging model. By introducing a secondary droop control layer can realize the autonomous operation of AC/DC hybrid microgrids and increase the utilization efficiency of distributed generations. Then using the analytical target cascading approach, each AC/DC sub-microgrid is regarded as different autonomous subjects. The distributed PET is as power coupling node and information interaction node to decompose the optimal problem of AC/DC hybrid microgrids equipped with PET which is solved in parallel. The obtained subproblems for these grid levels are solved with a nested solution process. The simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model in this paper.

Dark New World

Dark New World Frida Beckman (bio) New Dark Age: Technology and the End of the Future James Bridle Verso Books www.versobooks.com/books/3002-new-dark-age 304 Pages; Print, $8.48 C, c, c, to see, see, see: that is what artist and writer James Bridle wants to help us do in his New Dark Age: Technology and the End of the Future. What I first c/see on the contents page is a set-up of ten chapters with single word chapter titles: Chasm, Computation, Climate, Calculation, Complexity, Cognition, Complicity, Conspiracy, Concurrency, and Cloud. Perhaps it is my own preoccupation with paranoia that turns this pattern into a problem, but I can't help thinking that the confusion and complexity of contemporaneity—the very thing Bridle wants to convey—is not easily captured in such a considered configuration. Along with some telltale terms in the title—"New," "Dark Age," "End," and "Future"—and a recurring insistence on giving agency to technology ("what technology is trying to tell us," "technology hides its own agency"), my first impression of this book is formed by what appears to be its open secret, that is, its paranoid proclivity. Identifying or creating patterns from a messy or chaotic reality, ascribing agency in unexpected places, and employing a grandiose and apocalyptic vocabulary are all recurring features in definitions of paranoia. Bridle is aware of this, no doubt, and acknowledges—indeed outlines—paranoia as a quite reasonable response to the present. Yet his book wavers on that borderline between reasonable awareness and paranoia that many of us struggle to maintain. It also, symptomatically, triggers my own suspicious reading—is Bridle purposefully messing about with his alliterations, vocabulary, and agential assignment? Is what I sometimes perceive as this book's lack of self-reflexivity really my own? The borderlines between reasonable awareness and paranoia became evident with industrialization and the professionalization of knowledge in modernity, and it has manifested itself with a vengeance from the Second World War and onward. Today, we witness an irreconcilable rift—or chasm, to stick with Bridle's terminology—between long-standing and ideologically crucial beliefs in the autonomous liberal subject on the one hand, and the increasing sense that both the neoliberalism and technology are running rings around us on the other. Indeed, how can we know about technological and digital surveillance and control mechanisms, algorithmic processes, Macedonian troll farms, automated tweeting accounts, governmental complicity, NSA wiretapping, high-frequency trading, advanced computational thinking, Infowars.com, Deepdream (if you don't know about it, read the book), epagogix (ditto), and more or even just some of these and not worry about our own individual agency—indeed, about human agency more broadly? The complexity of our technological present is now far beyond us and precisely because this same technology is capable of providing us with endless amounts of information—more than we can ever process—we are becoming increasingly aware of our fundamental inability of comprehending it. The informational overload enabled by new technologies is, as Bridle shows, fundamentally incompatible with our cognitive systems; we are profoundly incapable of transforming this information into human size knowledge. To this cognitive dissonance, we must also add the interminable array of disparate and polarized views and opinions that reach us in and through this constant onslaught of information. A result, Bridle notes, is the proliferation of simplistic and conspiratorial narratives; we herald "the arrival of a new age of paranoia" in which "the paranoid style has gone mainstream," and "[c]onspiracies literalise the horror we feel lurking unspoken in the world." Bridle's book does something very important for academic readers and the general public alike. He does what conspiracy theorists in their homes or headquarters, or academic theorists in their offices or conference rooms, or really any person trying to navigate everyday life in a post-truth society tend not to bother with, that is, the time-consuming dirty work of trying—often quite literally—to dig out the real connections that fuel our more or less abstract uncertainties. He makes some half-hearted and brief elaborations on a few theorists—to the classic "The Paranoid Style...

Biochemistry and Renal Function: Use of Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequences for Retrieval of Specific Concepts

ABSTRACT Current teaching proposals involve teaching strategies that seek to assist and encourage the construction of knowledge by the students, turning them into active participants during the learning process and these have been the subject of several researches. This article reports a didactic sequence carried out with students of applied training for the first year Medical Sciences USP – Bauru, and proposes, as part of its pedagogical design, Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the main teaching strategy. In this didactic sequence we used experimental investigative activities. A didactic sequence that includes investigative activities can be characterized as a gradual evolutionary process, with the objective of intertwining the scientific perspective and the students’ conceptions, through well-planned teaching and learning activities contextualized and empirically adapted to the student’s reasoning. The objective of this work is to share an assertive experience of the application of a contextualized research didactic sequence that involved concepts ranging from the simplest chemical properties of biomolecules and ions to the association and discussion of a hypothetical clinical case involving proteinuria. Its pathophysiology consists of the excretion of protein in the urine, mainly albumin, and occurs when there is some damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the dosage of the protein fraction in urine (albuminuria) is mainly used for the early detection of chronic or acute kidney disease and can also be an instrument for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, one should be aware of the possible interferences and the various causes of errors inherent to this examination. In this way, through a didactic resource involving contextualized research experimental activities, having proteinuria as the key problem, we were able to re-approximate specific concepts and to value procedural and attitudinal knowledge, which is important for students in this training phase. In this proposal, the students were protagonists of the learning process, where they were able to raise and test their hypotheses, interconnecting knowledge, acquiring specific skills and competences, allowing reflection on the importance of fundamentals and applications of the basic sciences. The purpose of the investigative and contextualized didactic sequences is to form autonomous subjects, who know how to make decisions and work in teams and have a sound and critical understanding of how scientific knowledge evolves and is related.

Practical Implementation of the Principles - Constituents of the Rule of Law in Civil Relations

The article deals with the research of issues related to the implementation of the rule of law principle in civil relations. The authors reveal the peculiarities of the implementation of the principles - components of the rule of law in certain institutions of civil law. The rule of law is one of the fundamental principles not only of lawmaking but also of law enforcement. The complexity and versatility of this phenomenon necessitates its disclosure in relation to other legal principles that exist as its component. Among the principles there are constituents of the rule of law, as defined by the Venice Commission in the Rule of Law Checklist, the principles of subsidiary, proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law, etc. These principles have their own peculiarities of implementation in civil legal relations. Therefore, the principle of subsidiary is a guarantor of personal freedom and a requirement for state institutions to recognize the priority of human rights and interests. The principle of proportionality is a requirement for authorities not to impose on citizens obligations that go beyond the limits of public necessity, and to take maximum account of private interests; setting goals and choosing the means to achieve them, to maximize the possible consequences of such actions. This principle is actualized in property relations, since the exercise of property rights is an important means of realizing personality. The principle of popular sovereignty in action creates the preconditions for self-realization of the population, the existence of mutually beneficial relations between legally equal, independently independent, autonomous subjects of private legal relations. The principle of legal certainty in civil legal relationships is implemented through the requirement of civil law to meet the criteria of accessibility, predictability, sustainability and consistency of legal requirements. The value of this principle lies in legal certainty, the protection afforded by all parties to a civil legal relationship, provided that the state respects that principle. The principle of equality before the law is implemented in civil law by ensuring the formal equality of virtually unequal subjects, impartial reconciliation of interests. Equality before the law, non-discrimination is a requirement of anti-discrimination legislation, guaranteeing the prescriptions of the right of non-discrimination.

Biochemistry and Renal Function: Use of Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequences for Retrieval of Specific Concepts

ABSTRACT Current teaching proposals involve teaching strategies that seek to assist and encourage the construction of knowledge by the students, turning them into active participants during the learning process and these have been the subject of several researches. This article reports a didactic sequence carried out with students of applied training for the first year Medical Sciences USP – Bauru, and proposes, as part of its pedagogical design, Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the main teaching strategy. In this didactic sequence we used experimental investigative activities. A didactic sequence that includes investigative activities can be characterized as a gradual evolutionary process, with the objective of intertwining the scientific perspective and the students’ conceptions, through well-planned teaching and learning activities contextualized and empirically adapted to the student’s reasoning. The objective of this work is to share an assertive experience of the application of a contextualized research didactic sequence that involved concepts ranging from the simplest chemical properties of biomolecules and ions to the association and discussion of a hypothetical clinical case involving proteinuria. Its pathophysiology consists of the excretion of protein in the urine, mainly albumin, and occurs when there is some damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the dosage of the protein fraction in urine (albuminuria) is mainly used for the early detection of chronic or acute kidney disease and can also be an instrument for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, one should be aware of the possible interferences and the various causes of errors inherent to this examination. In this way, through a didactic resource involving contextualized research experimental activities, having proteinuria as the key problem, we were able to re-approximate specific concepts and to value procedural and attitudinal knowledge, which is important for students in this training phase. In this proposal, the students were protagonists of the learning process, where they were able to raise and test their hypotheses, interconnecting knowledge, acquiring specific skills and competences, allowing reflection on the importance of fundamentals and applications of the basic sciences. The purpose of the investigative and contextualized didactic sequences is to form autonomous subjects, who know how to make decisions and work in teams and have a sound and critical understanding of how scientific knowledge evolves and is related.

Men, Women, and Not Quite Non-Persons: Derivatization in Roxana

This article argues that Roxana exemplifies a peculiarly modern mode of “derivatization”: a form of “ontological reductionism” articulated by Ann J. Cahill in which individuals are diminished to “the reflection, projection, or expression of another being’s identity, drives, fears [...] reducible in all ways to the derivatizing subject’s existence”. The essay analyses the novel’s representation of secondary characters’ stunted subjectivities and the protagonist’s exploitation of their body, agency, and consent. Reading the sexual assault on Amy as an example of Roxana’s pleasure in overriding subjective autonomy and a violent expression of her “separated capacity”, the article shows how the novel explores the social and subjective self-harm of such instrumental approaches. The article suggests that not only does derivatization characterize all of Roxana’s relations, including those with men, but that its ethical harms are also the ultimate cause of her tragically reduced selfhood.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ПРОГРАМА РЕНЕСАНСНОГО ГУМАНІЗМУ

The radical socio-cultural transformations that take place around the world have led to a depreciation of those social standards that ensure the welfare of an industrial society, leading to the emergence of a new social program. The latter should become the conceptual basis of modern pedagogical strategies, since the primary responsibility for providing man with the knowledge and competences necessary in the new socio-cultural conditions is put on them. Meanwhile, in today’s Ukrainian society, the reform of pedagogical strategies, as well as socio-cultural transformations, is perceived extremely ambiguously. According to media reports, a significant part of society is very concerned about the innovations that are taking place in the field of education, seeing them at risk of reducing education, which will necessitate an increase in social inequality and, accordingly, injustice and discrimination.Awareness of the irreversibility of the changes that take place in the modern society, and with it, the increase in the level of tolerance to changes, is possible only if in the public consciousness there will be a clear understanding of the historical nature of those concepts and social programs that determine the life of each particular person and the society as a whole. This, in its turn, actualizes the rethinking of those social programs that determined the life of society in different historical periods. Far from the last place in the context of such research belongs to the social program of the Renaissance, because, on the one hand, it is from this time that researchers have usually deduced the origins of the present, and on the other hand, this era, as well as our present, is marked by significant sociocultural and ideological transformations, and therefore understanding the processes that initiated the Renaissance can contribute to a better understanding of the changes in our days.Understanding the basic ideas of Renaissance humanism has repeatedly become the subject of scientific research by various researchers who have tried to form a general image and aspiration of thinkers of this age. In this context, it is appropriate to mention the works by S. Averintsev, L. Batkin, P. Bicilli, O. Horfunkel, I. Hoian, M. Hukovskyi, M. Doichyk, E. Cassirer, O. Losev, S. Storozhuk, J. Huizinga, O. Fedyk and other researchers who have enriched the modern vision of the achievements of this historical and philosophical period in the theoretical and methodological plan.The extraordinary attention of Ukrainian and foreign researchers to the intellectual achievements of the Renaissance period would seem to be accompanied by a lack of works, which reveals the peculiarity of the social program initiated by humanists. In between, in our opinion, it is the latter that makes it possible to understand the role, place and purpose of a person in the world. On the other hand, this approach makes it possible to realize the value of this program from the perspective of the present. After all, as a result of the turbulent socio-cultural, ideological and economic transformations of the Renaissance, the formation of a new type of man – the owner of a life independent of tradition and class which is self-determined only through his own activity. A world-view precondition for the formation of a new social program was a rethinking of Christian dogma, which contributed to the interpretation of man as the bearer of divine potentials, which he must realize in earthly life. Active participation in civil and social life was accompanied by the intention to liberate people from pre-determined classes of privileges, but without a constructive program of human development that, in its turn, has led to a person’s disorientation in the sociocultural space.Despite the fact that the social program of the Renaissance laid the foundations for the formation of a new image of man, at that time man did not turn into an autonomous social subject, nor to a person, both from objective and subjective reasons namely: the lack of modern democracy did not make it possible to realize the natural equality and uniqueness of all people, as a result of which man remained dependent on predetermined social factors. On the other hand, the unprecedented activity of the man of the Renaissance was combined with the lack of a constructive program of individual and social development, which has led to a significant disorientation of man in the world. In other words, activity that does not provide for a clearly defined goal should not be seen as a positive sociocultural phenomenon.

Bioética, género y justicia social: experiencia de un seminario

Este artículo muestra la experiencia del seminario del Departamento de Bioética de la Universidad El Bosque: Del cuerpo sin justicia a sujetos con justicia, realizado durante el segundo semestre de 2015 y el primer semestre de 2016. El cual, a partir de ahora, toma el nombre de Bioética, género y justicia social. La apertura de este espacio surgió de una investigación previa, realizada en el marco del doctorado en Bioética denominada: Respeto a la autonomía de mujeres gestantes en salud: diálogo bioética-género[1], donde se indagó acerca del cuerpo y la autonomía de las mujeres gestantes. El trabajo de investigación dejó diversas inquietudes, entre ellas: preguntas por los límites entre la autonomía y la justicia, particularmente para las mujeres, así como profundos interrogantes entorno a la justicia social y las inequidades para con las mujeres. A partir de allí, se abrió el análisis y debate en torno a la justicia social en relación con el cuerpo femenino, el género y la reproducción, desde la diada bioética-género. A través del seminario se encontró que la autonomía, la justicia y el género se entretejen como elementos que favorecen a sujetos autónomos, quienes a su vez reclaman justicia social.
 
 [1] Tesis para optar al título de doctora en Bioética de la Universidad El Bosque. Área de Educación, Línea Educación en bioética para la educación. Directora Constanza Ovalle Gómez, Ph.D., profesora investigadora del Doctorado en Bioética de la Universidad El Bosque. La investigación hizo parte del macro proyecto: “El Derecho a la atención en salud de las mujeres durante el embarazo: una aproximación desde la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud oral de gestantes atendidas por la red norte de la SDS”. Proyecto Universidad El Bosque, Unidad de investigación Básica Oral (UIBO), Unidad de investigación de Caries Dental Única, Grupo de investigación en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Secretaria de Distrital de Salud: Grupo de Investigaciones Secretaria Distrital de Salud. Hospital de Suba, ESE; Hospital de Usaquén, ESE; Hospital de Engativá, ESE; Hospital Simón Bolívar, ESE. Universidad de Chile, Colciencias, 2009. Financiado parcialmente por Colciencias referencia: Grant No. 13008-493-26234. La tesis doctoral completa puede ser consultada en la Universidad El Bosque.

Hand grip strength as a physical biomarker of aging from the perspective of a Fibonacci mathematical modeling

BackgroundThe Golden Ratio (GR) and the Fibonacci sequence have wide applications in biodiversity research, and recent studies indicate that the GR can be highlighted in the organization and physiological functioning of many body systems. The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study is to determine the applicability of a mathematical model derived from the Fibonacci sequence to investigate the changes in hand grip strength (HGS) induced by the aging process.MethodsWe assessed the HGS for both hands, using a Saehan hydraulic hand dynamometer in a group of autonomous elderly subjects. One hundred twenty 55-year-old subjects (58 males and 62 females) and seventy 89-year-old subjects (31 men and 39 women) were included in the study group. All subjects were completely independent or independent with minimal assistance in activities of daily living (ADL), as determined after applying the Barthel index of ADL. The data series were statistically processed using descriptive statistics (univariate analysis) and inferential statistical methods (the t test for unpaired groups, with effect size measure – Cohen’s d and the ratio of the means method).ResultsThe decline of the relative HGS between the two age groups can be expressed by values close to the GR value (p < 0.001), both in relation to body symmetry (left hand/right hand evaluation) and laterality (dominant hand/non-dominant hand evaluation), for both sexes. For the whole group of men and women, the rhythm of HGS decline may be expressed by a value (1.61) notably close to the GR, regardless of body symmetry or laterality.ConclusionsThe common pattern of the relative HGS reduction between 55 and 89 years, as expressed by a value notably close to GR, can be considered to be an expression of a specific and predictable manifestation of the aging process, in the absence of disability.

More than stigma: Interrogating counter narratives of abortion

A large body of feminist scholarship identifies and examines modes of representing abortion, focusing on themes such as stigma and the production of an autonomous foetal subject. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of cultural representations of abortion that do not conform with, and even explicitly reference and rebuke, stigmatising and foetocentric depictions of abortion. Focusing on the Australian context and two sets of online sites—the websites of Australian abortion clinics and widely circulated pro-choice, feminist commentary on abortion—this article provides a critical reading of new, ‘unapologetic’ modes of representing abortion. We argue that they increase the cultural legitimacy of abortion and are therefore incredibly important, but have limitations because of their reification of the neoliberal autonomous subject. Nevertheless, we urge feminist scholars to pay more attention to discourses that presume abortion is unproblematic and beneficial to women. Scholarship on abortion has performative effects, and we hope that identifying and nurturing counter narratives of abortion is one means by which abortion can be normalised.

FOUCAULT E A EDUCAÇÃO: ENTRE O PODER DISCIPLINAR E AS TÉCNICAS DE SI (É POSSÍVEL EDUCAR PARA A LIBERDADE?)

Este texto trabalha dois conceitos teóricos relevantes de Foucault: poder disciplinar e técnicas de si. O objetivo é mostrar que a compreensão desses conceitos ajuda, certamente, a pensar o tipo de educação que se quer, pois a educação é peça importante dos dispositivos de poder-saber e das técnicas de si que formam a subjetividade humana. A hipótese é de que a educação escolar atrelada ao poder disciplinar produz subjetividades obedientes e dóceis; e a educação escolar atrelada às técnicas de si conduzem à formação de subjetividades autônomas. Para isso, busca-se uma articulação entre os conceitos de poder disciplinar e educação, e as técnicas de si e educação, como uma relação binária entre esses conceitos, de onde emerge um novo olhar para o contexto educacional a partir do trabalho teórico de Foucault. Isso permitiu apontar que é importante abrir mão do paradigma disciplinar no campo educacional e apostar mais em paradigmas que apontam para a liberdade, para a formação e para a autoformação, pois acredita-se na liberdade e jamais na sujeição, seja ela de que tipo for. &#x0D; Recebido em: 18/07/2017.Aprovado em:10/06/2018.

The individual’s invention: For a study of cultural sociology of self

This paper aims to frame a few ideas and concerns about the way western societies in general during modernity times, have been handled through multicultural theories and public policies, the issue of cultural diversity, and especially those ones dealing with the interaction among different cultural groups. We assume that the different forms in which public policies are back up in a theoretical level, by then built and applied to different cultural communities (materialistic level) represent and reflect an ontological conception of culture (symbolic level) based in the belief of the existence of an autonomous, conscientious and rational individual moral subject. We argue that today, these policies are the last political crystallization of this “cult of the individual” that has been shaping over the last two centuries a system of beliefs about the human social being and group relations. This is a soteriological logic of the projection whose origins are of dramatic character (morality of good or bad). This has to do with what here is called the sociology of Self, which means analyse the implications of a system of beliefs based on the cult of the individual on scientific reasoning and forms of political organization of society, and how the interaction structures result as the meaning of action and experience for people and human group: in other words, it is about the production of social meaning. I used the metaphor of Tribal awareness as the main notion of this approach. It is a vitalism of tragic existential origin, which is the nodal point of philosophy in Nietzsche. From a cultural sociological approach of imaginary this would mean investigating the collective effects of a system of beliefs that sacralised the human being as individualistic entity, and considering the effects of collective meanings when the individual becomes a cultural icon with a historical global scope.

The anti-gender movement in Italy: Catholic participation between electoral and protest politics

ABSTRACTBetween 2013 and 2016, a broad range of Catholic groups following pro-life and pro-family agendas has conducted a large anti-gender campaign, whose main result was the definition of a Catholic anti-gender movement in Italy. The anti-gender movement, opposed to the approval of the bill on civil unions for same-sex couples and the introduction of gender education programs in schools, has grown in popularity, becoming a source of participation and protest for politically committed Catholic and social conservative actors. The emergence and consolidation of the movement has marked a new phase of political Catholicism characterized, on the one hand, by an intensification of protest and lobbying activities in the public and political arenas and, on the other, by a descent into the electoral arena of a part of the movement with the constitution of an autonomous political subject, the People of the Family party. This article proposes to analyze the dynamics of politicization of the anti-gender cause, with the aim of advancing the argument that long-lasting dilemmas are still affecting Catholic politics concerning the best strategies to combine religious coherence, political representation and consensus for the Italian Catholic militancy in an increasingly complex post-secular society.

Considerations for an epidemiology of food and eating: A genealogy of nutritional studies in Ecuador

This article analyzes two of the most important studies on nutrition that have been carried out in Ecuador in the last fifty years. The objective is to justify the need for an alimentary epidemiology capable of looking at the entire process of social reproduction and the food system as well as the expressions of each in different ways of life, overcoming a purely individual and biologistic perspective. The article proposes that eating be studied as a total social fact within the school of thought of critical epidemiology, recognizing the existence of three different levels of reality - the general, particular and singular - as well as the existence of a margin of relative autonomy of subjects in the process of determination of food consumption and nutritional status.

Styling writing and being styled in university literacy practices

ABSTRACTTaking as its premise the ethical responsibility of the educator towards diversity, both in students and the materiality of their knowledge production practices, this paper examines four surfaces of emergence of academic writing governmentality. These are characterised as different ‘styles’ of knowledge production: Style 1 (canonic, Western rationalist governmentality); Style 2 (bureaucratic, product-control governmentality); Style 3 (transformative, academic literacy governmentality); and Style 4 (poststructural and deconstructive governmentality). Drawing on Foucault’s genealogical approach ([1984] 1991. ‘What is Enlightenment?’ In The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow, 32–50. London: Penguin), I examine ways these complementary and competing disciplinary technologies orient us and our students differently in the ‘constitution of ourselves as autonomous subjects’ (Foucault [1984] 1991, 43), in both our educational and writing practices. The findings of the study are intended to make more explicit the hegemonic rhetorical landscapes, which call us all to order in our everyday practices within the university’s ‘matrix of calculabilities’ (Ball, Stephen, and Antonio Olmedo. [2012]. ‘Care of the Self, Resistance and Subjectivity Under Neoliberal Governmentalities’. Critical Studies in Education 54 (1): 85–96, 103).