Automotive Field Research Articles

Stress corrosion effects on ADC12 Al alloy tungsten inert gas welding joint in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

The stress corrosion behavior of ADC12 Al alloy tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding joint (WJ) outside its elastic deformation range was studied using electrochemical testing methods combined with surface analysis techniques in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 30 °C. The results showed that, with the enlargement of imparted stress, the corrosion potential of the TIG WJ shifted positively, the corrosion current density increased, and the polarization resistance decreased, indicating that the corrosion rate of the TIG WJ increased with the enlargement of imparted stress. With the prolongation of immersion time, the corrosion rate of the TIG WJ increased and then subsequently decreased. In addition, the plasticity and ductility of the TIG WJ decreased with the enlargement of imparted stress. When the imparted stress was 2100 N and 4200 N, the corrosion products on its surface were mainly composed of Al2O3 and Al(OH)3. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of structural materials and welding methods in the automotive, marine and aerospace fields.

A Study of the Factors Influencing Teachers' Willingness to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence Based on the UTAUT Model

The advancement of wireless communication and mobile computing technologies has paved the way for the extensive application of Artificial Intelligence across diverse sectors, including electronics, automotive, medical, industrial, and educational fields. Employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, this study investigates the key determinants influencing preschool teachers’ willingness to utilize Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in Jiangsu Province, China. The research, involving 154 participants, analyzes their inclination towards GAI adoption through four dimensions: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Findings reveal that performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions significantly enhance their willingness to adopt GAI. Additionally, teaching experience and IT proficiency were found to moderate the effects of certain variables on this willingness. This aligns with the broader goal of integrating digital technology into education, which is a vital element of the nexus between digital technology development and innovation.

Digital twin for motorcycle riding profile prediction

The digital twin, with its descriptive and predictive services provides promising prospects in the automotive field. Increased insights in customer behavior and vehicle states through descriptive models enable the predictive services of the digital twin to project these vehicles in the future. Currently, most of the predictive services of the digital twin focus on a singular dimension, the asset itself, without considering the influences of the environment and the driver, which hampers the reliability and accuracy of these models. The present work aims to provide a solution in the form of a holistic digital twin comprising of three descriptive models representing the motorcycle itself, its operating environment, and the motorcycle riding behavior. Based on data gathered during a large-scale measurement campaign, novel insights in the motorcycle riding behavior have enabled its representation into two mathematical formulations. Highlighting the capability of the digital twin to integrate data from heterogeneous sources, the environmental model is generated using geospatial data from a map provider, followed by a novel formulation of a safety driving line. Using a kinematic motorcycle model, the speed and banking angle over the defined route are predicted with high correlation to real-world motorcycle riding behavior. The insights generated by the developed digital twin can be used to enable data-driven development or as an input to provide individualized predictive services during the usage phase.

Low-frequency vibration assisted self-pierce riveting (LV-SPR) of carbon fiber reinforced composite and aluminum alloy

Self-pierce riveting (SPR) has been widely applied to join carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and high-strength metallic plates in the automotive and aerospace fields. However, the CFRP is often damaged by rivet piercing owing to its brittleness as well as the relatively small interlocking that forms between the rivet leg and high-strength plate owing to the hard deformation characteristics. Therefore, in this study, a novel low-frequency vibration-assisted self-pierce riveting (LV-SPR) technology is proposed, which utilizes the vibration effect in softening the metal and reducing interfacial friction at room temperature. In riveting experiments involving CFRP and 5052 aluminum alloy utilizing 37Cr4 semi-hollow rivets, LV-SPR exhibited a significant reduction of 68.2% in the riveting force compared to the traditional SPR process. The decreased riveting pressure in LV-SPR effectively mitigated the CFRP damage by 36.2%, which was caused by a reduction in the interfacial friction force between the rivet and CFRP laminate. Moreover, owing to the improved deformation capacity of the rivet and alloy plate by the vibration softening effect, the lateral expansion of the rivet leg in the aluminum alloy was enlarged by 36.4% compared to that using the traditional self-piercing riveting (T-SPR) process. Microscopic characterization revealed that vibrations notably promoted grain refinement and enlarged the subgrain structures of the rivets and alloy plates. Finally, by superposing oscillations, the shear strength of the connection joint increased by 13.5% compared to the T-SPR joint. The proposed LV-SPR was validated as an effective technique to increase the connection strength of high-performance plates, which can efficiently improve the structural safety and promote the widespread application of CFRP/alloys in automobiles and aircrafts.

Design of ternary solid lubricants SiO2/Ti3C2/PTFE for wear-resistant, self-lubricating polyimide composites

BackgroundPolyimide is widely used in aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances, automotive, chemical and other fields due to its high temperature stability, excellent mechanical properties. However, polymer materials are often subjected to severe wear and tear under complex operating conditions due to their poor lubrication performance. Therefore, the improvement of lubrication performance is a key strategy to extend the service life of polyimide. MethodsHerein, a ternary solid lubricant SiO2/Ti3C2/PTFE (STP) is innovatively prepared by solution dispersion for reducing the friction of polyimide to increase the lubricity. Specifically, SiO2 and PTFE are intercalated accordion-like Ti3C2 nanosheets, thereby causing the nanosheets to slide relative to each other under external frictional stress. Then, STP was introduced into polyimide to prepare the ultra-wear-resistant and self-lubricating composites by blending. Significant findingsThe results of the study showed that the STP significantly enhanced the lubrication properties of the composites, the lowest coefficient of friction (0.29) of the composites is 22.81 % lower than that of the polyimide. In addition, the inclusion of hybrids helps to form a transfer film, which effectively improves the abrasion performance of polyimide, and the lowest wear rate (0.18 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m)) was 93.35 % lower than that of polyimide.

Optimization of methanol/diesel dual-fuel engines at low load condition for heavy-duty vehicles to operated at high substitution ratio by using single-hole injector for direct injection of methanol

Methanol, as a low-carbon and easily synthesizable fuel, is one of the promising directions for future internal combustion engine (ICE) fuels. However, methanol/diesel engines with high energy substitution ratios exhibit a significant drawback at low loads, namely poor fuel economy, which seriously hinders the development of dual fuel engines. Therefore, this paper conducts an optimization study on the combustion strategy of methanol/diesel in heavy-duty vehicle engines under high energy substitution ratios (70 %) and low loads. Innovatively combines single-hole injection with the direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) technology. By coupling the longer injection duration of a single hole with higher injection pressure, and tailored combustion strategy adjustments, successfully achieving the goal of optimizing low-load methanol dual fuel engines. The research results indicate that when employing a methanol single-stage injection strategy, setting the start of diesel injection (SODI) of −25°CA after top dead center (ATDC) effectively enhances the combustion efficiency of methanol/diesel, especially when combined with a strategy that the start methanol injection (SOMI) is of −23°CA ATDC. This combination can boost the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) to 51.95 %. The research on utilizing a methanol two-stage injection strategy found that increasing the methanol premixing appropriately, within the engine's safe range, can effectively enhance ITEg. Specifically, with the methanol pre-injection ratio (MPR) of 10 % and the methanol two-stage injection interval (MII) of 20°CA, ITEg can be improved to 52.07 %. However, excessively of premixing can lead to premature combustion, causing an increase in negative work during the compression stroke and consequently reducing ITEg. This study has unveiled effective solutions for the application of methanol/diesel DDFS technology in the automotive engine field. It offers insights into the selection and optimization of methanol injectors and provides theoretical support and practical references for achieving clean and efficient combustion in engines.

Hot tensile deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg–Mn–Ce alloy

Magnesium-manganese series alloys, as materials with very low-density value, have excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and have broad prospects in automotive, aerospace, biomedical and other fields. In this work, the thermal deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Mg–Mn–Ce alloys were investigated through uniaxial hot stretching experiments on Mg–Mn–Ce alloy plates under different deformation conditions, with the main focus on the plastic deformation mechanism of Mg–Mn–Ce alloys under different forming conditions. The unified viscoplastic constitutive equation for coupled damage is developed and compared with different types of constitutive equation models. Remarkably, the decrease in peak stress with increasing temperature or decreasing strain rate in Mg–Mn–Ce alloys is due to the fact that the internal slip system of the material is more easily activated with increasing temperature. As the temperature increases, the dislocations within the material decrease, which is due to the fact that the temperature increase makes the DRX action progressively stronger than the dislocation action, and the DRX leads to a significant coarsening of the grains at 573 K. In addition, the fracture behavior of the alloy under different deformation conditions has also been investigated, and the fracture pattern of Mg–Mn–Ce alloys transitions from pronounced cleavage fracture to the appearance of dimples and finally to ductile fracture with a large number of dimples as the temperature increases.

Numerical Modelling and Simulation for Sliding Wear Effect with Microstructural Evolution of Sputtered Titanium Carbide Thin Film on Metallic Materials

Titanium carbide materials are introduced into manufacturing industries for the reinforcement and surface protection of base materials due to their substantial ability to withstand severe environments, which include sliding wear, corrosion, and mechanical failures. A thin film of titanium carbide (TiC) is coated onto brass and copper substrates using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) deposition method. The coating process is carried out at constant processing parameters, which include a sputtering power of 200 W, a temperature of 80 °C, a deposition time of 180 min, and an argon (Ar) gas flow rate at 10 standard cubic centimetres per minute (SCCM). The coating, together with the base materials, is modelled and its behaviours are simulated using ANSYS Workbench R19.2 Academic, supported by Mechanical APDL solver for nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The deformation, equivalent stress–strain characteristics, and elastic–plastic properties of the coating are determined at applied loads of 60 N and 25 N and coefficients of friction (CoF) of 0.25 and 0.38 for the thin film deposition on brass and copper substrates. The sliding distance and the speed of the alloy steel ball used during the sliding wear operation are found to be 3 mm and 4 mm/s, respectively. The sliding wear modelling and simulation process are, however, designed for the ball-on-flat (BoF) wear technique with a dry sliding approach. Therefore, BoF wear simulations are also performed on titanium carbide–brass (TiC-Br) and titanium carbide–copper (TiC-Cu) conjugates for the evaluation of surface engineering applications such as cutting tools and in automotive, aerospace, thermomechanical, and biomedical fields. The ball used for the FEA wear simulation is made from alloy steel material (AISI 52100) with a radius of 3.175 mm.

Effect of Weight Percent Mg and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Al10Si Aluminum Alloy Casting Products Car Chassis Materials

Innovation in the automotive field is now growing rapidly. New materials are considered to be incorporated in automotive design if they have economic and vehicle performance benefits. This research investigates the change of the Magnesium (Mg) addition and heat treatment to the mechanical properties and microstructure of the car chassis prototype with Al10Si Aluminum alloy base material. The process of casting using the High-Pressure Die Casting method. Variation of Mg (3, 4, 5 wt%) to increase the strength of mechanical properties of Al10Si aluminum alloy material. In the casting process, the first Al10Si heated up to 690°C. Mg is incorporated into the heating furnace, then stirred by a mechanical stirrer. Stirring speed of 90 rpm and stirring time of 120 seconds. After it has poured into the mold, the casting temperature is 740°C. Then cools the room to room temperature 39°C. Then performed, heat treatment, using the method of age hardening and artificial aging. The test results prove that the hardening heat treatment makes the grain size smaller. Small grain size, then increase the strength of the material with the addition of Mg elements.

Lattice Structures Built with Different Polygon Hollow Shapes: A Review on Their Analytical Modelling and Engineering Applications

Lattice structures are useful in the aerospace, automotive, infrastructural, and medical fields due to the way they incorporate a lightweight design and good mechanical properties, because of their hollow shapes. This review paper documents work carried out using various analytical models for lattice structures designed with different polygon hollow shapes, for loading in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, in order to advise their ranking in terms of mechanical behaviour. A primer on lattice structures and polygon hollow shapes is first provided. This is followed by a review of relevant analytical models applied to lattice structures with various polygon hollow shapes that are available in the literature, and then a ranking of the polygon hollow structures in terms of their mechanical properties is performed. Following on from this, a review of the mechanical properties of polygon hollow structures is given. Engineering applications of different polygon hollow structures are then identified. A next-generation structural optimisation and design guide is then highlighted, and some of the primary prospective areas to be focused on when designing lattice parts are pointed out. The last section highlights current challenges, as well as recommendations for extending the use of design for the additive manufacturing of lattice parts.

Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Kulit Jagung Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Polipropilena (PP) dengan Penambahan Aluminium Oksida (Al2O3) dan Maleat Anhidrida (MAH) sebagai Coupling Agent

The utilization of polymer composites in the automotive field is expanding due to their characteristics such as strength, stiffness, and light weight. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the thermoplastic polymers widely used in composite manufacturing due to its lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable properties. However, to improve its mechanical properties, modifications using natural reinforcements and coupling agents continue to be made. Corn husk fiber is a natural resource that has potential as a natural reinforcement in polymer composites, it has the advantages of good tensile strength, light weight, and is biodegradable. The addition of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Maleic Anhydride (MAH) as coupling agent can improve the adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix, support more even load distribution, and optimize the mechanical properties of the composite Al2O3 and MAH on the mechanical properties of PP composites. The composition used was polypropylene: corn husk fiber rasio :Al2O3: MAH, namely 90:5:5:0, 89:5:5:1, 87:5:5:3, and 85:5:5:5% by weight. Tensile strength test using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and crystallinity test using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to evaluate the material performance. The highest value of tensile strength and crystallinity in the composition with 0 %weight MAH. The results of these tests, showing that the greater the composition of corn husk fiber has an influence on the decrease in tensile strength and crystallinity of the composite.

Efesiensi Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Pertamax (Octan 92) Pada Kendaraan Hemat Energi Di Politeknik Negeri Jember

At this time motorcycle users are increasing, the need for this means of transportation is very helpful for daily activities. With the importance of this means of transportation, people will choose motorbikes that have great power, are fuel efficient and are environmentally friendly. Many automotive fields are modifying or changing components such as standard coils replaced by racing coils so that the resulting combustion is greater and produces spark plugs larger and aims to get better performance. With better combustion, it is expected that the performance of an engine will definitely increase, one of which is from fuel consumption. The purpose of this study is to determine fuel efficiency on engine performance and then analyze specific fuel consumption on 4 stroke motorbikes. In this experiment, performance was tested to analyze the specific fuel consumption used in Pertamina's fuel production, namely Pertamax. This type of gasoline was tested on a Honda revo fit 110 cc motorbike using experimental. calculation of fuel consumption on the Argopuro vehicle car, namely 0.21 L/H

Image-Compression Techniques: Classical and “Region-of-Interest-Based” Approaches Presented in Recent Papers

Image compression is a vital component for domains in which the computational resources are usually scarce such as automotive or telemedicine fields. Also, when discussing real-time systems, the large amount of data that must flow through the system can represent a bottleneck. Therefore, the storage of images, alongside the compression, transmission, and decompression procedures, becomes vital. In recent years, many compression techniques that only preserve the quality of the region of interest of an image have been developed, the other parts being either discarded or compressed with major quality loss. This paper proposes a study of relevant papers from the last decade which are focused on the selection of a region of interest of an image and on the compression techniques that can be applied to that area. To better highlight the novelty of the hybrid methods, classical state-of-the-art approaches are also analyzed. The current work will provide an overview of classical and hybrid compression methods alongside a categorization based on compression ratio and other quality factors such as mean-square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, and so on. This overview can help researchers to develop a better idea of what compression algorithms are used in certain domains and to find out if the presented performance parameters are of interest for the intended purpose.

Acoustic field simulation-based ultrasonic water immersion non-destructive testing for titanium alloy plate

ABSTRACT Titanium alloy plate is widely used in automotive, aerospace, medical and other fields. Ultrasonic testing is a highly efficient non-destructive testing method for the inspection of titanium alloy components. However, there are strong distortion and attenuation of sound wave propagation in titanium alloys due to the presence of anisotropy and inhomogeneities, making it difficult to detect tiny defects in such components. In addition, some configuration parameters, such as the water path depth also affect the distribution of the acoustic field in the detected components. It is necessary to predict the acoustic field distribution to achieve a better testing accuracy. An acoustic field simulation method based on a multi-Gaussian beam is proposed, which can model the focused acoustic field in a multilayer anisotropy medium. The relationship between the acoustic focused area and the water path depth was explored and optimised comprehensively. C-scan imaging of specimen with flat bottom holes was performed at different water path depths. The results show that the proposed method can optimise the configuration parameters to improve the accuracy of the flaw sizing. This study provides an effective method for testing titanium alloy plate.

Insights into the dual effects of Ti on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys

Hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys are becoming increasingly popular in automotive and aerospace engineering fields due to their excellent overall performance, and grain refinement is regarded as an important way to improve casting and mechanical properties. Titanium (Ti) is a basic element for grain refinement; thus, a certain amount of Ti is often included in Al–Si alloys. In the present work, the changes in the grain refinement, mechanical, and casting properties of Al–Si alloys with different Ti concentration levels under various grain refinement conditions were systematically investigated. The specific roles of Ti in the heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al grains were summarized, and the formation mechanism of Ti-rich zones in Al–Si alloys was revealed. Excess Ti concentration could not efficiently reduce the grain size of Al–Si alloys and eventually resulted in inferior mechanical and casting qualities; hence, the recommended Ti concentration level for the aluminum alloy grades of A356 and A357 is ≤ 0.1 wt%. Furthermore, an optimized technique for the grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys was presented. A small amount of an Al–TCB master alloy was introduced to achieve the best grain refinement and mechanical properties in a trace Ti environment. The addition of 0.5 wt% of the Al–TCB master alloy at the Ti concentration level of 0.06 wt% increased the ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and quality index of the Al–7Si–0.45Mg alloy to 328.8 ± 5.0 MPa, 14.4 % ± 0.6 %, and 970.7 ± 33.1 MPa, respectively.

Dispersed Cu (Ni, Co) in MN3 moiety on graphene as active site via electrolytic water towards electro-epoxidation of ethylene

Ethylene oxide (EO) is an important petrochemical product, widely used in printing and dyeing, automotive, medicine, and other fields. Direct epoxidation of ethylene by electrocatalysis is a simple and sustainable route to produce EO, which can avoid the disadvantage of traditional industrial production, such as high temperature and CO2 emissions. An efficient electrocatalyst could generate active oxygen intermediate during the electrolytic water process, which escape from the tremendous activation barrier of breaking molecular oxygen. In addition, ethylene and active oxygen are both required to be adsorbed or produce interaction on the same active site, which is more effective to directly transfer oxygen. Motivated by this strategy, we used first-principle to screen the possibility of 27 single transition metal atoms in MN3 moiety as active site starting from the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of *O + C2H4 → *+ C2H4O. Dispersed Cu, Ni, Co can absorb both active oxygen and ethylene, and exhibits the excellent catalytic performance through stability, selectivity, thermodynamics and kinetics evaluation. Electronic structure analysis indicates that the catalytic activity roots from the high electron transfer from the absorbed ethylene to the empty M–O anti-bonding, which weaken the M–O bonding and promote the oxygen transfer. Notably, for CuN3@graphene, the applied potential to produce active oxygen intermediate is 1.53 V vs RHE, and the kinetic energy barrier for subsequent oxygen transfer to form EO is 1.00 eV. This study verified the feasibility of single atomic electrocatalysts for EO production and offers valuable clues to design/discover active center to explore experimentally.

Scalable Generation of Hybrid Graphene Nanoscrolls for High-Performance Solid Lubricants

Graphene and other 2D materials have been extensively studied as solid lubricants in recent years. Low friction can sometimes be observed in those 2D lubricants, and one possible mechanism is that scroll-shaped nanostructures are formed during friction, which decreases the contact area and energy barrier, thus substantially reducing friction. The integration of graphene with metal or metal oxide nanostructures can further enhance its lubrication properties by increasing film formation ability and easy shearing of the nanosheets. However, it is not possible to reliably promote the formation of such nanoscroll-shaped low friction wear products, which limits the reproducibility and application of such nanostructures as solid lubricants. In this study, we address this issue by creating a scalable method for the synthesis of hybrid graphene-titanium oxide (G–TiO2) nanoscrolls and demonstrating their potential as solid lubricants with macroscopic coefficient of friction as low as 0.02 in ambient conditions. Our approach to generate the nanoscrolls is based on the in situ sol–gel synthesis of TiO2 on graphene followed by spray-freeze-drying–induced shape transformation. The solid lubrication performance of such G–TiO2 nanoscrolls can be further enhanced by applying a thin graphene oxide primer layer, which provides high affinity to both the substrate and the active materials. These hybrid nanoscrolls hold promising potential for applications in aerospace, automotive, and precision manufacturing fields as effective solid lubricants.Graphical

A Hybrid Vehicle Configuration with Zero Emission.

The search for alternatives to petroleum economy, in automotive field, must satisfy the energy requirements and to offer, at least, the same performance than conventional vehicles. This work proposes a vehicle configuration that satisfies its real energy requirements and also obtains a zero level of noxious emissions. This topology is constituted by a fuel cell, a battery and a bank of ultracapacitors. Once the energetic supply is guaranteed, the second problem consists on the power delivery control strategy. The importance of this control is to optimize the hybrid vehicle components operation mode. By means of simulations, this work shows the deficiencies of current control systems with respect to the supply and the energetic efficiency. Moreover, it suggests using a fuzzy control in the proposed topology in order to optimize the efficiency. This control policy is currently being developed by the author.

Digital twin and cross-scale mechanical interaction for fabric rubber composites considering model uncertainties

Digital twin ushers in growth as one cutting-edge technology that enables high-precision, informative and real-time interaction of advanced composites, influencing the paradigm of composite analysis and design in aerospace, automotive, intelligent electronics and other fields. The online and fine evolution of digital twins at scale face challenges due to creating scalable predictions, updates, and controls with coupled information in workflows. In this work, an interactive digital twin methodology for complex composite structures (CCSDT) based on machine learning is introduced. To demonstrate the framework's feasibility and applicability, a hybrid architecture comprising hierarchical deep neural networks (H-DNNs), statistical inference and cross-scale physical constraints is proposed considering the fabric rubber composites (FRC) in aerospace field. The framework predicts 3D displacement and stress fields directly from sensing features and can incorporate dynamic updating and evaluation of computational models into data assimilation. Real-time prediction and uncertainty quantification are verified through synthetic and experimental data, and the capability of CCSDT in perception and decision is demonstrated by a case of cruise state monitoring. The comparison between the measured strain field and the post-processing predicted strain field shows the extensibility of the direct prediction results. These results provide guidance for the development of composite digital twins, stimulating the potential for cost-effective and efficient digital twin services.

PROCES USKLADNENIA KRVNEJ PLAZMY A OVERENIE JEHO OPTIMALIZÁCIE ZA POMOCI PRVKOV SIMULÁCIE

Purpose of the article It optimized and improved efficiency in processing blood plasma into card form for its separation. A simulation was used to verify and plan a change in the current production process of this product. Based on it, a change in the production process was planned and the volume of future output was also verified. Methodology/methods Analysis of the initial state of the issue in the production process. Creating a digital model using the collected data from the analysis. Design and testing of variants for optimization design. Scientific aim Bring closer the methodology of application of simulation in various industries and production processes. Digitization tools such as simulation are most used in mass production and have the largest share in the automotive field. The contribution aims to bring closer the possibilities of using these resources to other areas as well and is the basis of the methodology for their application not only in homogeneous but also in heterogeneous production processes. Findings Based on the initial analysis of the subject process and its subsequent transformation into a digital form, the original production process was innovated and its properties improved as well as the volume of production output. Simulation models can still be edited, and in the case of adding some resources to the simulation models, as well as directly to the production stations, it is possible to reach and subsequently use the resources of the digital twin technology.. Conclusions (limits, implications etc.) The result of the entire digitization process is a convergence with current trends and standards common within Industry 4.0. The benefit of using a digital simulation model, but any production process, is the possibility to test its changes without the need to stop ongoing physical processes and the implementation of changes that can be adjusted in advance in digital form and physical form, the process of their deployment is shorter and more effective than it was with innovations in the past.