Car Buyers Research Articles

Factors Influencing Consumers' Purchase Intention To Use Battery Electric Cars In Indonesia

The market share of electric vehicles in terms of overall sales is still small in both developed and developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to determine the priority of factors that influence consumer purchase intention for battery electric cars in Indonesia by exploring public perceptions of this. This study uses quantitative research with a deductive approach and causality properties. The research population is consumers who buy and prospective buyers of battery electric cars in the DKI Jakarta area. With sample calculations using parameter 5, so that the minimum number of samples is 73 indicators X 5 = 365 respondents. The analysis technique uses SEM with the help of the AMOS program. The results of the study show that the integration of TPB, UTAUT-3, and NAM theories provides in-depth insights into consumer intentions to purchase battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in Indonesia. Positive attitudes and PBC contribute significantly to purchase intentions, at 16% and 14.8%, respectively, while subjective norms show a negative but significant influence. In the UTAUT-3 model, social influence and facilitating conditions contribute significantly, at 33.6% and 44.3%, respectively, emphasizing the importance of social support and infrastructure. Price value also contributes significantly at 33.2%, indicating that the perception of the economic value of electric vehicles greatly influences purchasing decisions, but other factors are not significant. Although awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility in the NAM model have a positive effect, personal norms do not show a significant influence on purchase intentions. The implication of these findings is that to increase purchase intentions for electric vehicles, a marketing strategy is needed that includes education about the benefits, strengthening social norms, and improving infrastructure, as well as creating awareness of the economic and environmental value of electric vehicles.

Green Marketing and Greenwashing Effects on Consumer Purchase of Electric Cars

China promotes electric cars as an effective solution to environmental problems. In this context, green marketing and greenwashing are considered to be important factors that influence consumers to purchase electric cars. Based on the signalling theory, this study analyses the role of consumer trust in the influence of green marketing and greenwashing on consumers' purchase of electric cars and examines the moderating effect of environmental knowledge. 440 electric car owners from Beijing, China participated in a survey, whose results were analysed by the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that although green marketing demonstrated a positive impact, greenwashing negatively affected Beijing consumers' trust in electric cars. However, environmental knowledge moderates the relationship between consumer trust and purchasing behaviour of electric car.

Consumer response to fuel economy in the face of global fuel crises

One crucial determinant of the overall cost of national fuel efficiency rules is how consumers evaluate trade-offs between the initial cost of vehicles with better fuel economy and the anticipated savings in fuel expenses. Vehicle selection modeling is a useful tool for evaluating variations in customer preferences when it comes to purchasing vehicles. Additionally, it explores the impact of these changes on consumer surplus and compliance costs. The study employs a particular selection test under comparison test conditions to investigate its impact on the visual representation of fuel economy data. The fuel economy data is displayed distinctly for each of the six factors: average monetary savings/spending over four years compared to a car in the same class, miles per gallon, fuel costs over six years, yearly fuel prices, the complete government-mandated fuel efficiency label, and the total fuel cost throughout the lifetime of the vehicle. A nationally representative sample of 950 prospective car purchasers in Ghana was randomly allocated to a single situation throughout the country. The study determined that the data presented had a direct impact on how consumers assess fuel efficiency. When comparing other criteria such as annual fuel cost, five-year fuel cost, and spending/saving comparisons, the study found a significantly higher willingness to pay value for participating in the scenario that included fuel economy labels. The value was adjusted based on participant statistics. Participants of advanced age and those who anticipated a somewhat reduced expenditure for their forthcoming automobile attributed greater significance to fuel efficiency. This research investigates potential reasons for the disparities between consumer willingness to pay for fuel efficiency and the offerings of automakers, despite the limited available data to assess the relative importance of these various theories.

Understanding Car Buying Preferences in Muscat: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

In this paper, consumers' car buying preferences in Muscat have been analysed by adopting a cross-sectional approach. This research aims to unveil the relationship between the demographic profile of car buyers in Muscat with their buying preferences about the product features. The data was collected from 192 car owners using convenient sampling technique. The data was processed with the help of frequency and descriptive statistics. The relationship was studied by employing Spearman’s rank order correlation and their corresponding p-values. It was observed that age, marital status, and income had significant correlations with the buying preferences of the car owners. The study also revealed that there is a growing preference among car owners in Muscat towards eco-friendly vehicles.

Efforts to Improve Electric Car Purchase Decisions in Jakarta

Efforts to Improve Electric Car Purchase Decisions in Jakarta

Analysis of the Impact of External Factors on the Air Quality Index: a Machine Learning Approach

In today's world, we often see governments introduce green laws that are actively advertised and promoted to the public. There is active promotion of the green agenda: They create comfortable conditions for electric car manufacturers, provide benefits for the purchase and use of electric cars to citizens, create and develop alternative ways of generating electricity instead of rough heating at thermal power plants, introduce standards for car exhaust emissions that limit manufacturers in production, try to get rid of factories that emit significant amounts of harmful substances into the air by moving them to other countries (Asian countries), leaving only collection workshops or enterprises whose impact is not significant within their country. All of this is done in order to improve air quality in their own country. Although all these changes often seem unnecessary or even harmful to the population and economy, what is the actual result of such actions? This paper presents an analysis of the air composition over the past 50 years, which proves the correctness of the decisions made. It also discusses possible trends in the growth of harmful substances in the air and why they did not materialize.

Accelerators and hurdles, and their mediating effects on electric vehicle adoption

The sale of electric vehicles (EVs) in India was only 1.32% of all vehicle sales for FY 21–22. Through this study, the authors sought to contribute to the nascent field of research regarding the constructs influencing this low adoption. The study explores the existence of ‘early adopters’ among Indian consumers and investigates the direct and indirect impact of environmentalism on EV purchase propensity. The causal factors of the variation in the market shares of electric two-wheelers and electric cars in India's EV sales are addressed by estimating two Structural Equation Models encompassing latent variables and socio-demographics influencing their uptake. Technological Affinity emerged as the prime motivator and Concerns about Charging and Battery as the key hindrance to electric car purchase propensity. Environmental Consciousness positively affects both electric two-wheelers and electric car purchase propensities indirectly through Awareness about EVs & Green Policies, which itself demonstrates a positive influence in both cases. The results suggest that in India marketing electric cars as technologically superior cars rather than eco-friendly cars would be more effective. Concerns about Charging and Battery remained insignificant in the case of electric two-wheelers, lending an explanation to their greater market share despite inadequate infrastructure.

The Influence of The 7P Marketing Mix Strategy and Digital Marketing on Car Purchasing Decisions at PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Palopo Branch

Marketing mix helps companies design marketing strategies by paying attention to product, price, distribution, and promotion, while digital marketing uses digital technology to reach consumers directly, both work together to create brand awareness, influence consumer perceptions, and facilitate the purchasing process, influencing purchasing decisions consumers positively. This research aims to determine the influence of 7p marketing mix and digital marketing on car purchasing decisions at Pt. Hadji Kalla Toyota Palopo Branch, either partially or simultaneously. The research approach used in this research is a quantitative approach, namely a direct survey using data collection through questionnaires and observation. The research results show that (1) Marketing mix has no effect on purchasing decisions, with a calculated t value of the marketing mix variable of 1.201 < t table value (1.678) and a sig. 0.312 > 0.05. (2) Digital marketing has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions, with a calculated t value for the digital marketing variable of 2.553 > t table value of 1.678 and a sig value. 0.014 < 0.05. And (3) Marketing mix and digital marketing simultaneously (together) have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a calculated F value of 20.233 and a significance of 0.000 < 0.05.

Impact of automotive tax incentives during Covid-19

In 2021, as part of the Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional/ National Economic Recovery (PEN) program, the government introduced additional tax incentives to boost durable goods consumption, the PPnBM incentives, for qualified new car purchases. This study aims to explore the PPnBM incentives’ impact on automotive sectors in 2021, utilizing the Interrupted Time-Series Analysis (ITSA) methodology and seasonal forecasting method with Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) for four years from 2018 until 2021. In particular, using the automobile wholesales and tax administration data, this paper assesses the impact of the PPnBM incentives on car wholesales, participating firms’ sales, purchases, and wage expenditure. The impact of the PPnBM incentives on automotive sectors in 2021 suggested no significant difference in incentives-qualifying cars’ wholesales before and after the PPnBM incentives. However, the impact of the PPnBM incentives on total sales recovery resulted in the incentive participants recovering their total sales to the pre-Covid-19 level. In general, from the variables tested, the result suggests that the PPnBM incentives had a modest impact on wholesale recovery and economic activity for participating automotive manufacturers during the incentives period.

The Influence of Brand Image and Social Media Marketing on Car Purchasing Decisions at PT. XYZ Cikarang

Pada era digital saat ini persaingan merek dan strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan semakin banyak. Hal ini menimbulkan banyak pertimbangan yang harus dipilih oleh konsumen ketika memutuskan untuk membeli mobil. Peneliti menemukan permasalahan yang dialami oleh PT XYZ Cikarang sebagai perusahaan retail otomotif yang bergerak dalam tiga kegiatan yaitu Sales, Maintenance dan Repair, serta ketersediaan suku cadang mobil merek Nissan yang berlokasi di kawasan Lippo Cikarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya penurunan penjualan periode tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2023 khususnya untuk mobil Nissan Livina pada PT XYZ Cikarang dan untuk menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel konstruk yaitu Brand Image dan Social Media Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian mobil Nissan Livina pada PT XYZ Cikarang. Dalam penelitian ini, perumusan hipotesis menggunakan analisis deskriptif non parametrik dengan menganalisis data menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) - Partial Least Square (PLS). Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan probability sampling dan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Nissan Livina. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa pemasaran media sosial berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Nissan Livina.

Exploring vehicle preference dynamics: Analyzing the influence of oil price volatility on consumer car purchase decisions - A comparative survey experiment

China's automobile market is continuously expanding, leading to ongoing growth in oil demand. Fluctuations in oil prices will inevitably impact the travel patterns and car purchasing behavior of automotive consumers. This paper analyzes the influence of gasoline price fluctuations on the travel patterns and car purchasing behaviors of auto consumers with varying incomes, employing a dynamic perspective. We conducted a questionnaire survey of auto consumers in four first-tier cities in China and performed a comparative analysis of questionnaire data from 2015 to 2022. The empirical findings are as follows: (1) Under conditions of elevated oil prices, fuel car consumers exhibit an increased susceptibility to oil price fluctuations, which may cause fuel car consumers to curtail their travel activities. (2) The 10 yuan/liter is the threshold for middle - and upper-income consumers to change their car buying or travel habits, which has not been affected by oil price fluctuations. (3) For the cohort considering electric vehicles, gasoline prices stand as the primary determinant influencing their car buying choices. The primary conclusions serve as significant references for the government to craft corresponding carbon emission reduction policies amidst fluctuating oil prices.

Impact of first impressions on female consumer behavior and adapting sales psychology in the automotive industry in semi-urban Vijayawada, India

Owing to the immense population of India (approximately 1,428,627,663) and the high drive towards advancing transportation, India has become a hot spot for the automobile industry to prove itself and witness extreme growth. This growth is fueled by the high profitability of customers, distributors, and consumers in their target market, attracting globally successful brands like Hyundai, Kia, and Toyota (Das, 2021). In the United States, women buy 62% of all new cars sold and influence more than 85% of all car purchases. Interestingly, in India, a report by Spinny indicates that 80% of passenger-car buying decisions are taken by women in the family. Additionally, 46% of second-hand car buyers are women (Mukherjee, 2016). As the sales industry and psychology collaborate to boost profitability, this paper is a study highlighting the current female consumer behavior in India and the techniques used to adapt sales psychology to increase profitability in the female consumer market.

Compensation claims of car buyers against manufacturers: Mercedes-Benz Group AG

Compensation claims of car buyers against manufacturers: Mercedes-Benz Group AG

The Influence of Brand Image and Adversiting on Daihatsu Car Purchase Decisions at PT. Jujur Jaya Sakti Palopo

This study examines the influence of brand image and advertising on the purchase decisions of Daihatsu cars at PT. Jujur Jaya Sakti Palopo. Amidst the increasingly fierce competition in the automotive industry, understanding the factors that influence consumer decisions is crucial for companies. A strong brand image can enhance customer loyalty and support business growth, while effective advertising can attract interest and influence consumer purchasing behavior. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey design, where data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents who had purchased Daihatsu cars at PT. Jujur Jaya Sakti Palopo. The analysis results indicate that both brand image and advertising have a significant impact on purchase decisions, with brand image contributing more significantly. These findings provide important implications for the development of marketing strategies, particularly in brand image management and the optimization of advertising campaigns. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance for companies to strengthen their brand image through various efforts such as improving product quality, after-sales services, and engagement in social activities that can enhance positive consumer perceptions. Additionally, the optimization of advertising, which includes the selection of appropriate media, relevant messaging, and suitable advertising frequency, should also be considered to maximize the impact on consumer purchase decisions. Overall, the results of this study are expected to serve as a guide for PT. Jujur Jaya Sakti Palopo in formulating more effective and efficient marketing strategies, enabling them to compete with other players in the automotive industry.

Potential of an Integrated Platform for EV Charging Station and Ancillary Services

Since the creation the first successful electric car in 1890, the world has seen a rapid increase in the advancement of Electric Vehicle (EV) cars along with increasing demand for such vehicles. However, despite multiple benefits that EV cars offer, such as their sustainable nature, potential car buyers are still hesitant on purchasing an EV car due to concerns about its relatively short travelling range. While the technology powering EV cars has made significant strides, petrol cars can travel much further on a single tank of fuel than EV cars can on a single charge: electric cars can only travel between 100-300 miles on a single charge, whereas gas cars have a range of 300-600 miles. Furthermore, infrastructure is another benefit that gas-powered vehicles have over electric ones. Particularly in rural areas, gas stations are far more common and easily accessible than charging stations. While some owners of electric vehicles might be able to charge their vehicles at home or at the office, they might have trouble finding charging stations when they are out and about. Hence, EV drivers or potential car buyers share a common concern that EV cars will run of gas frequently, leading to inconvenient trips to gas stations. Through our research, by abstaining user experience and feedback, we were able to identify substantial demand for a platform or service that improves the accessibility of EV charging stations for EV car drivers. This paper will include a thorough representation of relevant results and a deep analysis on the potential of a platform that provides easily accessible charging stations as well as other car-related services.

The effect of the end-number license plate driving restriction on reducing air pollution in China

This study investigates the long-term efficiency of the long-run end-number license plate driving restriction in China, a traffic control policy that is partially aimed at reducing urban air pollution. A difference-in-differences regression is performed on a panel including nine cities that implemented this policy in staggered manner between 2008 and 2013. The results show that overall, this driving restriction does not improve air pollution in policy cities over the long-term. Quantitatively, the city-level air quality index has close-zero statistically insignificant changes by the policy, reaching only 3.9% reduction by 95% confidence interval lower bound of the estimate, translating to welfare gains of only 11.24 USD (70.62 CNY) per person per year, or 0.447 life years per capita. Further analysis with regression discontinuity in time and heterogeneity subgroup analysis illustrates that air pollution may first decrease due to the policy but then bounce back because of the behavioral adaptations of drivers purchasing a second car in cities without simultaneous car purchase restrictions. This shows that need to combine the end-number license plate policy with car purchase restrictions or electric vehicle promotions to achieve effective air pollution reductions over the long-term.

Model Analysis of Millennials' Purchase Intention Electric Cars in JABODETABEK

This study explores a model of customer purchase intention in millennial segment electric car buyers in Jabodetabek using a modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling using Smart-PLS 3.2.9. Although sales of electric cars in Indonesia are increasing, consumer purchase interest, especially the millennial generation, is still low compared to other Asian countries. This study examines the influence of factors in the modified TPB, including Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Government Policy and Environmental Concern on the purchase intention of electric cars. Data was collected through a survey of millennials in Jabodetabek. The results of SEM analysis show that Attitude and Environmental Concern have a positive and significant influence on the purchase intention of electric cars. Meanwhile, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control and Government Policy have a positive but insignificant impact on the purchase intention of electric cars for millennials in Jabodetabek. The findings of this study provide insights for manufacturers, policymakers and marketers on how to increase the adoption of electric cars among millennials. Appropriate strategies can be designed to drive electric car market growth and overcome existing barriers.

Large-Scale Satisfaction Rating-Driven Selection of New Energy Vehicles: A Basic Uncertain Linguistic Information Bonferroni Mean-Based MCGDM Approach Considering Criteria Interaction

The continuous revolution of new energy technologies and the introduction of subsidy policies have promoted green consumers’ willingness to purchase new energy vehicles and automotive online service platforms have disclosed vehicle reputation and consumer satisfaction ratings information. However, due to issues such as uncertain data quality, large data volumes, and the emergence of positive reviews, the cost for potential car buyers to acquire useful decision-making knowledge has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a scientific decision-making method that leverages the advantages of large-scale consumer satisfaction ratings to support potential car buyers in efficiently acquiring credible decision-making knowledge. In this context, the Bonferroni mean (BM) is a prominent operator for aggregating associated attribute information, while basic uncertain linguistic information (BULI) represents both information and its credibility in an integrated manner. This study proposes an embedded-criteria association learning BM operator tailored to large-scale consumer satisfaction ratings-driven scenarios and extends it to the BULI environment to address online ratings aggregation problems. Firstly, to overcome the limitations of BM with weighted interaction (WIBM) when dealing with independent criteria, we introduce an adjusted WIBM operator and extend it to the BULI environment as the BULIWIBM operator. We discuss fundamental properties such as idempotence, monotonicity, boundedness, and degeneracy. Secondly, addressing the constraints on interaction coefficients in BM due to subjective settings, we leverage expert knowledge to explore potential temporal characteristics hidden within large-scale consumer satisfaction ratings and develop a method for learning criteria and interaction coefficients. Finally, we propose a conversion method between user credibility-based ratings and BULI. By combining this method with the proposed adjusted BM operator, we construct a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) approach for product ranking driven by large-scale consumer satisfaction ratings. The effectiveness and scientific rigor of our proposed methods are demonstrated through solving a new energy vehicle selection problem on an online service platform and conducting comparative analysis. The case analysis and comparative analysis results demonstrate that the interaction coefficients, derived from expert knowledge and 42,520 user ratings, respectively, fell within the ranges of [0.2391, 0.7857] and [0.6546, 1.0]. The comprehensive interaction coefficient lay within the range of [0.4674, 0.7965], effectively mitigating any potential biases caused by subjective or objective factors. In comparison to online service platforms, our approach excels in distinguishing between alternative vehicles and significantly impacts their ranking based on credibility considerations.

The Role of Country Origin and Product Knowledge in Wuling Electric Car Purchase Decision in Indonesia

In today's competitive marketing landscape, understanding factors influencing consumer purchase decisions is crucial. This study examines the impact of country-of-origin image and product knowledge on the purchasing decisions for Wuling electric vehicles in Indonesia. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 104 respondents, the research uses literature reviews and questionnaires to gather data. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that both country-of-origin image and product knowledge significantly affect purchasing decisions, with positive coefficients indicating their substantial influence. Specifically, a favorable perception of China's technological advancements and product quality, alongside strong product knowledge, plays a vital role in shaping consumer choices. The findings suggest that Wuling should focus on enhancing its country image and leveraging social media to increase brand awareness. Future research could expand to include additional variables and countries for a broader understanding of purchase decision factors

The Role of Digital Touchpoints in Car Purchasing - An Empirical Research Concerning the Indian Market

Objectives: The present research aims to study how digital touchpoints impact the exploration of purchase opportunities for customers in car purchases. Another purpose is to explore how customers use digital touchpoints to gather information and how it influences their purchase decisions. It also aims to explore the potential mediation effect of "exciting pursuit" on the relationship between using digital touchpoints and exploring purchase opportunities. Methods: The study employed a descriptive approach. A structured online questionnaire was framed that encompassed digital touchpoint usage, information search experience, and purchase opportunities. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data from 605 car owners and prospective buyers across five high-selling states in India. Data analysis via SPSS & SMART-PLS confirmed construct validity, revealed the direct and indirect effects of the model. Findings: Websites and non-official websites emerged as preferred digital touchpoints for information search. Most customers were male (61.4%), aged between 30 and 35 (35.4%). Customers' age is associated with the official websites (p=0.001, χ =14.21) and YouTube (p=0.007, χ =18.698) usage. Enabling digital content search (EDCS; β=0.311, t =7.331), appropriateness of digital information (AOI; β=0.594, t =11.556) positively impact Exciting Pursuit (EP; β=0.629, t =27.610) and the customer's interest in exploring various purchase opportunities (EPO). EP (t=28.525) significantly influences EPO and act as a mediator between EDCS/AOI (t=11.834/t = 7.399) and EPO. Novelty: This research focuses on the role of digital touchpoints in the car purchase journey in India. It focuses on the customer's emotional response to the digital touchpoints, which are used to gather information for their purchase, and it is creating a mediating effect of exciting pursuit in the relationship between digital touchpoints and purchase opportunities. By leveraging the S-O-R model, this study contributes to the current discussion regarding the changing role of digital touchpoints in the automobile industry. Keywords: Digital Touchpoints, Digital Marketing, Stimuli­Organism­Response Model, Car Buyer Behaviour, Automobile Industry, Structural Equation Modelling