Automobile Fuel Research Articles

Oxidative desulfurization of the straight-run gasoline fraction from the gas condensate of the Karachaganak field

An annual increase in the consumption of the automobile fuels makes us look for new ways of their obtaining. It is also important that the environmental and operational requirements for the quality of the motor fuels, obtained during oil production (associated petroleum gas, gas condensate) are systematically made more rigorous. One of the ways to solve the problems described above is to use the process of oxidative desulfurization to improve the quality of the petroleum products. In this case, oxidative desulfurization of the straight-run gasoline fraction, obtained from the gas condensate of the Karachaganak field, has been carried out. The oxidation process has been carried out with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of salts of the transition metals, molybdenum and vanadium. The optimal technological parameters (Patm, T=600C, 2 h, H2O2:S=4:1 (mol), Me:S=1:100 (mol)) of the oxidation process for the straight-run gasoline fractions have been selected. Under the optimal conditions of the oxidation process, the total sulfur content has been reduced by 89.9%. It has been shown that the molybdenum compounds exhibit greater activity in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds at a temperature of 600C, as compared to the vanadium compounds. A schematic diagram of the purification of the gasoline fractions from the sulfur-containing compounds by oxidative desulfurization, followed by its extraction desulfurization with the most effective N,N-dimethylformamide has been presented.

Converting waste PET plastics into automobile fuels and antifreeze components

With the aim to solve the serious problem of white plastic pollution, we report herein a low-cost process to quantitatively convert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into p-xylene (PX) and ethylene glycol (EG) over modified Cu/SiO2 catalyst using methanol as both solvent and hydrogen donor. Kinetic and in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies demonstrate that the degradation of PET into PX involves tandem PET methanolysis and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) selective hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) steps with the in-situ produced H2 from methanol decomposition at 210 °C. The overall high activities are attributed to the high Cu+/Cu0 ratio derived from the dense and granular copper silicate precursor, as formed by the induction of proper NaCl addition during the hydrothermal synthesis. This hydrogen-free one-pot approach allows to directly produce gasoline fuels and antifreeze components from waste poly-ester plastic, providing a feasible solution to the plastic problem in islands.

Experimental study of VCR engine performance analysis using python module

Petroleum is non-renewable supply of energy and also the diminution of natural fuel resources, leads to explore for various fuels for cars. The critical search for various fuels for compression ignition engines has been paying interest on fuels obtained from hydrogen and linseed oil plays a significant role in alternate fuel for C.I Engines. The aim of this research effort is to appraise the property of Linseed oil and Hydrogen as dual blend recital on a variable Compression ratio diesel engine. This really provides the discharge individualism of linseed oil amalgamated with gas and its blends with diesel and are taken up for study. Vertical, 4-stroke, water cooled VCR engine with Linseed oil blends for a extensive series of engine load conditions such as Diesel, B10, B20, B40 along with 5lpm, 10lpm and 15lpm of hydrogen were performed. The brake thermal competence of B20 is found nearly closer to diesel fuel with minimum vibrations and less emissions of CO, hydro carbons HC and slight increase in NOx when compared to fossil fuels. During the experiments, vibrations, performance uniqueness of the test engine was analysed and compared with the precise VCR diesel vibrations, fuel performance. The results obtained by using Python module and the best suited code is derived and found that the combined increase of compression ratio and injecting timing increases the brake thermal efficiency and reduces specific fuel consumption. This module helps and reduces each load variations and performances compared tp experimental. Diesel (25%) saved, will greatly meet the demand of fuel in automobiles.

Comparative Life-Cycle-Assessment analysis of three major water electrolysis technologies while applying various energy scenarios for a greener hydrogen production

In terms of the decarbonization of industry, transport, electricity generation, and buildings, the production of green hydrogen plays a major role in the strategy of the European Union and Germany. Therefore, the potential environmental impacts of a greener hydrogen production have been analysed taking the three most important water electrolysis technologies alkaline electrolysis (AEC), polymer electrolyte membrane (PEMEC), and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) into account. To depict a greener hydrogen production, different energy scenarios of Germany –2019, 2030, 2050, and RE (Renewable Energy)– with an increasing share of wind and solar energy have been considered. The study shows how the potential CO2-eq. of a greener hydrogen production change when applying the different energy scenarios for each technology. On the other hand, the study aims to compare the resulting CO2-eq. with comparative values of conventional and other hydrogen production processes for classification purposes. Moreover, the study compares the CO2-eq. results with comparative values of conventional electricity generation and conventional fuels for cars, assuming that the produced hydrogen is used for electricity generation and as a fuel for cars in order to show CO2 reduction potentials. Besides that, the study compares the Life-Cycle-Impact-Assessment (LCIA) indicators under study to show which technology is potentially the most environmentally friendly one for the respective energy scenario. In summary, it can be stated that the CO2-eq. decrease with an increasing share of wind and solar energy in the energy mix since the share of fossil energies, which are the main drivers of the CO2- eq., decline. Furthermore, the SOEC technology has the lowest CO2-eq. for the energy scenarios in 2019, 2030, and 2050. This applies to the AEC technology for the RE scenario. Regarding the comparative values of conventional and other hydrogen production processes as well as conventional alternatives, only the RE scenario with wind and solar energy provides lower results. Thus, merely the RE scenario is suitable for an environmentally friendly hydrogen production and utilization in order to reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, the SOEC technology causes the lowest potential environmental impacts for the energy scenarios in 2019 and 2030, taking all LCIA indicators into account. This applies to the PEMEC technology for the energy scenario in 2050 and the RE scenario.

Comparison of Emission Levels of Motor Cars, Motorcycles, and Tricycles Using Petrol Engines in Southwestern Nigeria

The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon from four stroke-powered motorcars and two stroke-powered motorcycles and tricycles in Southwest Nigeria were examined using an automotive 4-gas analyer. Results show that tricycles produced more hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than motorcycles, while motorcycles emitted more of these pollutants than the gasoline fueled motor cars. (The gasoline fueled motorcars produced lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while the tricycles produced the highest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions). On the contrary, motor cars had the highest mean value of carbon dioxide followed by the motorcycles, while tricycles had the least. This could be attributed to the presence of the catalytic converters in some of the motor cars oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The mean values of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcars are 630ppm, 10200ppm and 59900ppm. This is much higher than the NESREA (National Environmental standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency) standards as well as Euro II and Euro III (European standards) for vehicular emission. The mean values for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcycles and tricycles are (2150ppm, 21530ppm and 31200ppm) and (2820ppm, 24880ppm and 38710ppm) respectively. These results do not comply with Nigeria and European emission standards for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Tricycles and motorcycles account for higher concentrations of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide pollutants from mobile sources, while they emit carbon dioxide minimally.

Discourses about EU Transport Decarbonisation: Towards a Paradigm Shift?

ABSTRACT The development and introduction of new technologies are central to achieving sustainable transitions. Policymakers are important in enabling a successful transition. However, discourses about EU transport decarbonisation reveal multiple policy approaches to technology innovation, both in terms of decarbonising the car and building new alternative fuels infrastructure for transport. A discursive institutionalist analysis of these two separate but interdependent communicative discourses on road transport decarbonisation shows the complexities of facilitating transformative change. This shift requires coordination at all levels involving different actors and sector coupling to successfully decarbonise road transport.

Simulation of Electric Bike using Simulink

Modern world demands the high technology which can solve the current issues and future problems. Now-a-days Fossil fuel shortage is the main problem. Considering current rate of usage of fossil fuels will let its life up to next five decades only. Because of undesirable change in climate is the red indication for not to use more fossil fuel any more. Best alternative for the automobile fuels to provide the mobility & transportation to peoples is sustainable electrical bike. Future e-bike is the best technical application as a visionary solution for the better world, upcoming generation and environment. E-bike comprises the features like high mobility efficiency, compact, electrically powered, comfortable riding experience, light weight vehicle. E-bike is the most versatile current and future vehicle considering its advantages.

Influence of Automobile Fuel Consumption Competitiveness on the Consumer’s Corporate Image Evaluation and the Establishment of Corporate Strategies

Purpose: The present study was conducted to demonstrate the influences of automobile purchasing patterns of consumers on corporation’s establishment of strategies, in accordance with the recent radical changes in the automotive industry. When considering this point in time when the market is changing from the motor vehicle-oriented market to the eco-friendly vehicle market, this study determined that the distance range of vehicles is a very important factor in determining the purpose of a vehicle. Hence, the hypotheses, that fuel consumption not only influences the consumer’s perception of the corporation but also affects the direction for corporations establishing strategies, were drawn. Research design, data, and methodology: To carry out this study, a questionnaire based on the Judgment Sampling Method for executives and employees engaged in the automobile industry in the Chungcheong nam-do region from July 3, 2020 to August 5, 2020. The survey was conducted in a manner A total of 220 copies were initially distributed and 218 copies were recovered, resulting in a recovery rate of 99.09%. In addition, while collecting the collected questionnaire, 4 copies of the questionnaire that appear to be systematic or random error based on the researcher’s judgment were removed, and then limited to 214 copies to be used as empirical data for this study. I did. Afterwards, through the data coding process, the research-designed structural equation model was demonstrated using the SPSS18 program and the AMOS 21 analysis program. Results: Automobile fuel efficiency have was partially adopted in the company evaluation of the relationship. also it was confirmed that the company evaluation had a statistically significant result in establishing corporate strategy. Implications: As a result of the study, the hypothesis on the relationship between fuel consumption competitiveness and consumer’s perception of corporations was partially selected. Moreover, the hypothesis on the relationship between consumer’s perception of corporations and establishment of corporate strategies were all selected to demonstrate the influencing relationship between fuel consumption competitiveness of automobiles on selection factors for purchases and strategic directions of corporations. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide practical implications and significant information based on such results.

Influence of Automobile Fuel Consumption Competitiveness on the Consumer’s Corporate Image Evaluation and the Establishment of Corporate Strategies

Influence of Automobile Fuel Consumption Competitiveness on the Consumer’s Corporate Image Evaluation and the Establishment of Corporate Strategies

Desulfurization of Automotive Fuels by the Adsorption Method Using Adsorbents of Natural Origin

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the application of the adsorption method for removing sulfur and sulfur-containing components from automobile fuels using sorbents of natural origin, assembled in the form of a cassette structure.

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran.

Air pollution associated with particulate matters results in different types of disease including allergy, lung destruction, heart failure, and related problems. This study has been designed and performed to examine the concentration of PM2.5-bound heavy metals, risk assessment, possible sources and effect of meteorological parameters on 17 sites of the air of the most industrial city of Iran (Karaj) in 2018-19. For this purpose, four samples were taken from every point of Karaj air over one year using a pump (Leland Legacy (SKC)) with flow rate of 3L/min on PTFE filter for 24h. Overall, 68 samples of PM2.5-bound heavy metals were collected. Note that during the sampling, atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed were regularly recorded using PHB318 portable device. In examining the chemical composition of these particles, the concentration of metals (Al-Zn- Ar-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Mn-Ni-Pb) was determined after digestion of the collected samples and through injection into ICP-OEC device. The results indicated that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 particles range from 21.84 to 72.75µg/m3. The mean concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 25.63 to 336.27ng/m3. Among heavy metals, the maximum concentration belonged to aluminum (277.95ng/m3) and iron (336.27ng/m3), which are known as elements with a ground source (sources such as car fuels, exhaust gases, decorative materials, batteries, indoor smoking, the paint used for painting walls, erosion and corrosion of rubber of cars). Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between heavy metals and temperature(r: 0.418, p < 0.019), pressure (r: 0.184, p < 0.0.402), as well as wind speed (r: 0.38, p < 0.017), while an inverse relationship was observed with relative humidity (r: -0.219, p < 0.018). The ecological risk of the metals calculated was very notable, with the maximum environmental risk being related to cadmium in children (6.61) and manganese in adults (0.82). The largest HQ in children and adults was associated with Cr. Finally, ILCR values for cadmium in both children (1.19 E-04) and adult (4.81 E-04) groups indicated high risk of developing cancer in humans.

Socio-Economic Rebound Mechanisms in Automobile Fuel Efficiency in the European Union: A System Dynamics Model

Socio-Economic Rebound Mechanisms in Automobile Fuel Efficiency in the European Union: A System Dynamics Model

Research on Recognition Method of Car Fuel Tank Cap Based on Residual Network

Aiming at the problem that traditional algorithms have low recognition accuracy for different car fuel tank caps, a car fuel tank cap recognition algorithm based on improved Faster-RCNN is proposed. Firstly, the VGG16 network in the feature extraction network link is improved to the ResNet-101 residual network to improve the recognition accuracy and system speed. Secondly, the ROI pooling of the original pooling layer is changed to ROI align regional feature aggregation method makes the target rectangular frame more accurate. Finally, the fully connected network is used to perform the classification of the car fuel tank cap and the accurate regression of the frame. Through the detection of 200 actual images of car fuel tank caps, the experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve 98.0% accuracy and a detection speed of 0.139 seconds per image. Compared with traditional image algorithms, it can obtain faster speed and higher accuracy, and can provide technical support for unmanned gas stations, which has certain engineering application value.

Analysis of the Safety of Using Hydrocarbon Fuels and Hydrogen in Automobiles

Comparative analysis of the fire and explosion safety in using hydrocarbon fuels and hydrogen as automobile fuel is made. For reliable analysis, it is necessary to take into account the set of all the parameters influencing the fire and explosion safety, including the influence of the composition of multicomponent fuels on their characteristics and the influence of external conditions in cases of both normal operation and emergency; study and comparison of separate properties of fuels are insufficient. Complex analysis of the physicochemical properties of fuels shows that, in case of emergency, the consequences of the hydrogen ejection from the fuel system are in most cases less dangerous compared to the ejection of hydrocarbon fuels. The development of detonation combustion as a result of ignition of a hydrogen–air mixture formed in open space is improbable because of high diffusion ability of hydrogen and impossibility of the buildup of the required concentration. The possibility of wide use of hydrogen as an automobile fuel is substantiated.

Investigation on the Energy Exchange Characteristics of the Regenerative Flow Pump in an Automobile Fuel System

AbstractThe flow inside the regenerative flow pump (RFP) is quite complex. This study investigated four pump models with various geometrical dimensions to explore the energy exchange characteristics. A computational fluids dynamics (CFD) simulation and the experiment were carried out. The results illustrate that the pressure growth mode in the impeller is consistent with the channels, which confirms the circulation flow existing in the pump. Furthermore, it is found that the circulation flow that features with longitudinal vortexes can be evaluated quantitatively by combining the analyses of the dimensionless axial distance, circulation number and entropy production. A smaller axial distance indicates that more flow is involved in the circulation and the intensity of the longitudinal vortex is enhanced; a large circulation number accompanied by a small dissipation loss could result in a satisfactory exchange flow. Therefore, the largest circulation number, least amount of dissipation, and shortest distance lead to the highest head and efficiency in the model with V-shaped blades and an increased impeller height. This work establishes a deeper understanding of the energy exchange mechanism and could serve as a reference for the geometrical design and performance reinforcement of RFP.

The study of the properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions with the use of supplements targeted actions

Internal combustion engines play a significant role in environmental pollution. In large cities, they are one of the main sources of toxic substances released into the atmosphere. One of the main tasks, along with improving the economic performance of diesels, is to reduce the toxcity of their exhaust gases. For these purposes, it is necessary to study the operation of diesels using alternative fuels. However, their use usually requires significant changes in the design of engines compared to diesels running on petroleum fuel. To study the main performance properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions as a substitute for petroleum fuels in the conditions of expanding the raw material base of automobile fuels and simultaneously reducing their negative impact on the environment, the Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol use in diesels when they are fed using emulsions. The article presents the results of the research.

Features of calculating the ignition delay period

Recently, the problem of expanding the raw material base of automobile fuels and at the same time reducing their negative impact on the environment through the use of non-traditional or alternative fuels has become acute. Among them, compressed natural gas and alcohols are most popular in road transport. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption in diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. Despite the fact that the ignition delay period takes up a small fraction of the operating cycle and in diesels is only a few milliseconds, the value of this parameter in providing the required efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics of piston engines is huge. The calculation of the ignition delay period when working on alternative fuels is particularly relevant. The article presents a method for calculating the ignition delay period when working on alcohol.

Adopting Gas Automobile Fuels (LPG &amp; CNG) into the Nigerian Transportation System

This study investigates and proposes the use of gas automobile fuels (LPG & CNG) as transport fuel in Nigeria, by showing the policies and incentives that have been utilized by other countries and an analysis of the cost efficiency and environmental effect of the use of auto-gas fuels. The use of CNG and LPG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents benefits with regards to efficiency and environmental friendliness will be highlighted in this research work with emphasis on the economic advantage. Demand for natural gas is likely to overtake other fossil fuels due to its availability, accessibility, versatility and cleanliness. This research shows that adopting gas automobile fuels (LPG & CNG) as an automotive fuel has few barriers but in the long run is very viable in terms of emissions of Green-house gases to the environment and financially economical. From the study, we suggest that policies and incentives would be helpful for the implementation of auto-gas as a transport fuel with regards to fiscal and regulatory such as; excise-duty exemption or rebate, grants/tax credits for gas fueling vehicles conversion/acquisition, vehicle sales-tax exemption or income/profit tax credit and more. If Auto-gas for automotive fuel is considered and implemented in the Nigerian Transportation system, it will move the Nigerian fuel market from an inelastic feature to an elastic feature. Keywords: Gas, Automobile Fuels, Transportation System, Nigerian DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-14-02 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Vehicle choices and urban transport externalities. Are Norwegian policy makers getting it right?

Norway has the world’s highest share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in its passenger car fleet, thanks to a set of policies that has included high purchase taxes for fossil fueled cars, and no tolls, no VAT, and free parking for BEVs. This paper uses a very stylized transport model for the greater Oslo area to give insights into the effects of different transport policies. With this model we go beyond the market penetration studies for EVs, as it brings together both car choice and transport patterns with mode choice for a set of heterogeneous representative model agents. We illustrate the possible effects of current policies on congestion, CO2 emissions and other urban transport externalities, public transport use and crowding, tax revenues and welfare. On this basis, we explore other road toll, public transport fare and tax policies that can lead to better outcomes for the Oslo transport market while still respecting the CO2-cap that reflects the goals of Norwegian policy makers.

Influence of methanol use in diesel fuel on energy and economic indicators

The problem of finding and using alternative energy carriers in transport has arisen since the invention of the internal combustion engine. It is possible to expand the raw material base of automobile fuels and at the same time reduce their negative impact on the environment by using non-traditional or alternative fuels. Among them, compressed natural gas and alcohols are most widely used in road transport. In the Vyatka agricultural Academy, work is underway to study the features of the use of alcohols in diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system.