Automatic Test Equipment Research Articles

Criteria for analyzing online traffic encountered in web and mobile applications in order to model an automated application testing system

Over time, the evolution of technology has left its mark on our lives and has highlighted its need for and importance of all areas of activity, both social and economic. There is a global increase in the trend of automation of work processes and the use of software products more and more often in any type of activity to optimize and increase work capacity. The growth of e-commerce is one of the segments favored by the emergence and evolution of technology, allowing us to always be connected to market demand and supply. In order to improve e-commerce, we need to make sure that the software available to users is adjusted to their needs. In this paper, we propose a technique for analyzing the necessary criteria to develop an automatic testing system for web and mobile applications based on the analysis of user behavior and reports extracted from recorded online traffic. By trying to reproduce the real behavior of users in the testing process it can enhance the risk management and improve the quality of the delivered product.

Development of Automated Test System for Multibeam Communication Payloads

Development of an Automated Test System (ATS) is a process that involves extensive study and knowledge of current test technologies, determination of the requirements, and a simple design approach. Communication payload architecture has changed from broad beam to spot beam technology, providing more bandwidth and power. As the number of transponders increases, the conventional way of testing payload requires more time; this, in turn, increases total cost, specifically thermal-vacuum test.

Encoding Test Pattern of System-on-Chip (SOC) Using Annular Scan Chain

With the improvement of System-on-Chip integration, the chip requires an increasingly large amount of test data. To solve the contradiction between the storage capacity and bandwidth of automatic test equipment (ATE), a new method of test data compression/decompression is proposed based on an annular scan chain. Corresponding fault bits of different test patterns are incompatible, moving test patterns in an annular scan chain, makes all of the new corresponding bits of different test patterns be compatible or backward-compatible, so different adjacent test patterns form a new relation that are indirectly compatible or indirectly backward-compatible, achieves the purpose of test data compression by encoding these indirectly compatible test patterns or indirectly backward-compatible test patterns. According to experimental results, the average compression ratio increases by %6.94 to % 15.1 compared with the other schemes, relative decompression architecture is simple. In the annular scan chain, the test pattern moves clockwise with the minimal bits, generating subsequent test patterns quickly, it is advantageous to reduce the test application time of a single IP core.

능동 위상배열 안테나 장치용 송수신모듈 자동화 측정 및 보정

최근 들어 중요성 및 소요성이 증가되고 있는 능동 위상배열 안테나장치의 송수신모듈 자동화 측정 방안 및 위상/크기 보정 알고리즘에 관해 연구하였다. 송수신모듈은 송신부와 수신부로 구성되어 있으며 자동화 시험장비(ATE, Automated Test Equipment)를 통해 별도의 시험 구성 변경 없이 모든 시험이 가능하도록 스위치 매트릭스 및 계측기 간 통신을 이용하여 설계 및 제작되었다. 자동화 시험 진행 시 균일한 환경을 제공하기 위해 수냉식 냉각장치를 이용하였으며 ATE 운용을 위한 절차를 수립하여 시험 항목의 추가 및 삭제를 쉽도록 사용자 중심의 GUI(Graiphic User Interface)를 제작하였다. 자동화 측정 시간은 수동 측정과 비교하여 약 3.8배의 시간 단축을 확보하였으며 위상/크기 보정 알고리즘을 이용하여 위상 오차 ±6° 이내, 크기 오차 ±1dBSUBp-p/SUB이내로 측정되는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

Quantitative analysis of different respiratory specimens on two automated test systems for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA

Molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is essential during the pandemic. Here, we compared the results of different respiratory specimens including anterior nasal swabs, pharyngeal swabs, saliva swabs, and gargle lavage samples to nasopharyngeal swabs on two automated SARS-CoV-2 test systems. Samples were collected and tested simultaneously from a total of 36 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 was performed on cobas®6800 (Roche) and NeuMoDx™ (Qiagen) systems. Both assays showed reliable detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with nasopharyngeal swabs showing the highest sensitivity. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in other respiratory specimens were lower (mean 2.5 log10 copies/ml) or even undetectable in up to 20%. These data clearly indicate that not all respiratory materials are equally suitable for the management of hospitalized patients, especially, in the late phase of COVID-19, when the viral phase subsides and inflammation becomes the predominant factor, making detection of even lower viral loads increasingly important.

AUTOMATIC EMS ALERT WITH REAL-TIME PATIENT LOCATION AFTER WCD SHOCK DELIVERY: IMPROVING THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

BackgroundVentricular fibrillation (VF) commonly occurs at home and is unwitnessed. Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are effective in terminating VF, but patients may need assistance afterwards.ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility of a novel shock alert system linking a WCD (ASSURE® WCD system, Kestra Medical Technologies) to Emergency Medical Services (EMS).MethodsWCD shock delivery triggers creation of a shock event message via patient app including location derived from GPS, cellular and WiFi networks. The message is transferred to an emergency response data platform (ERDP) which determines physical address and associated local EMS, and displays this information to a public safety call center via web portal (Figure 1).Simulations of message transfer were performed to evaluate compliance with applicable standards for time to alarm (UL 1635 Digital Alarm Communicator System Units) and reliability of triggering devices (UL 1637 Home Health Care Signaling Equipment). A waveform generator was used to input VF into the WCD. An automated test system recorded total shocks and shock event messages received by the ERDP. Throughput was compared to the standard for rate (max missed messages 38/100,000) and time (max delay <90s).Simulated complete shock alert process duration was measured over repeated tests using a waveform generator and WCD at a remote test location.ResultsWCD delivered 8,680 shocks and transferred 8,680 (100%) shock event messages to the ERDP. Mean time to transfer was 5.2 ± 3.4 s exceeding compliance standard throughput requirements with 95% confidence.For the simulated complete shock alert process, mean time from VF onset to dispatch operator call was 57 ± 3 s in three tests.Conclusions BackgroundVentricular fibrillation (VF) commonly occurs at home and is unwitnessed. Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are effective in terminating VF, but patients may need assistance afterwards. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) commonly occurs at home and is unwitnessed. Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are effective in terminating VF, but patients may need assistance afterwards. ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility of a novel shock alert system linking a WCD (ASSURE® WCD system, Kestra Medical Technologies) to Emergency Medical Services (EMS). To evaluate feasibility of a novel shock alert system linking a WCD (ASSURE® WCD system, Kestra Medical Technologies) to Emergency Medical Services (EMS). MethodsWCD shock delivery triggers creation of a shock event message via patient app including location derived from GPS, cellular and WiFi networks. The message is transferred to an emergency response data platform (ERDP) which determines physical address and associated local EMS, and displays this information to a public safety call center via web portal (Figure 1).Simulations of message transfer were performed to evaluate compliance with applicable standards for time to alarm (UL 1635 Digital Alarm Communicator System Units) and reliability of triggering devices (UL 1637 Home Health Care Signaling Equipment). A waveform generator was used to input VF into the WCD. An automated test system recorded total shocks and shock event messages received by the ERDP. Throughput was compared to the standard for rate (max missed messages 38/100,000) and time (max delay <90s).Simulated complete shock alert process duration was measured over repeated tests using a waveform generator and WCD at a remote test location. WCD shock delivery triggers creation of a shock event message via patient app including location derived from GPS, cellular and WiFi networks. The message is transferred to an emergency response data platform (ERDP) which determines physical address and associated local EMS, and displays this information to a public safety call center via web portal (Figure 1). Simulations of message transfer were performed to evaluate compliance with applicable standards for time to alarm (UL 1635 Digital Alarm Communicator System Units) and reliability of triggering devices (UL 1637 Home Health Care Signaling Equipment). A waveform generator was used to input VF into the WCD. An automated test system recorded total shocks and shock event messages received by the ERDP. Throughput was compared to the standard for rate (max missed messages 38/100,000) and time (max delay <90s). Simulated complete shock alert process duration was measured over repeated tests using a waveform generator and WCD at a remote test location. ResultsWCD delivered 8,680 shocks and transferred 8,680 (100%) shock event messages to the ERDP. Mean time to transfer was 5.2 ± 3.4 s exceeding compliance standard throughput requirements with 95% confidence.For the simulated complete shock alert process, mean time from VF onset to dispatch operator call was 57 ± 3 s in three tests. WCD delivered 8,680 shocks and transferred 8,680 (100%) shock event messages to the ERDP. Mean time to transfer was 5.2 ± 3.4 s exceeding compliance standard throughput requirements with 95% confidence. For the simulated complete shock alert process, mean time from VF onset to dispatch operator call was 57 ± 3 s in three tests. Conclusions

Automatic test system development for digital beam position monitor of HEPS and BEPCII

Automatic test system development for digital beam position monitor of HEPS and BEPCII

Информационно-алгоритмическое обеспечение эффективных систем управления

Modern production machinery is equipped with multifunctional automated process control systems (APCS) based on software and hardware complexes (SHC) of a network hierarchical structure. The experience of designing and operating multifunctional process control systems proves that the efficiency of the systems being developed significantly depends on the array of problems at different stages of the technology design and system modernization. It is to be developed, both at the fundamental level of local automatic control systems and at a higher level of hierarchical system structure. At the same time, special attention is paid to the software failure, which is fixed, as a rule, by periodically updating all the content. For process control systems, such an approach under the operation conditions of power equipment is unacceptable. In this regard, the effectivity problems of complex systems are to be classified in terms of technological process factors, the theory of automatic control and instrumental factors associated with the proper software implementation. As a theoretical basis to solve the problem of information sufficiency and synthesis of structurally stable systems, the methods of potentials and coordinates of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are used. The testing method is applied as a tool to analyze and diagnose software and hardware tools. The authors have defined three groups of factors: system, controller and local. The task to analyze the conformity of information and algorithmic support means to expert and verify the absence of defects in the software of a multifunctional system and the fulfillment of the declared requirements. The automated testing system is a unified environment to analyze the execution of test scenarios. It provides continuous validation and verification of the information and algorithmic support of the SHC. In particular, a methodology has been developed to carry out resource tests of the software and hardware complex and checking the operation of the mechanisms for backing up, synchronizing, and replacing its components by simulating failures in the processor modules, hardware and software components. A set of methodological factors has been defined to develop advanced software and hardware systems for process control systems. It significantly affects the adequacy of the information and algorithmic support of a complex system. A technology of automated testing of software and hardware tools of the SHC has been developed. Methods to solve interdisciplinary problems are generalized. The authors recommend solving the problems at the earlier stages of a complex system design. The proposed technology to develop and diagnose automatically software and hardware of the SHC by implementing a single environment to study, compare and detect the defects of the SHC software throughout the entire life cycle of the process control system allows you to identify and eliminate the mutual negative influence of the SHC components both at the development stage and at the stage of the subsequent system organization, including solving the problem of information security at the stage of system installation and operation. The developed approach to solve complex interdisciplinary problems that require solution at the early stages of designing complex systems makes it possible to avoid fundamentally erroneous decisions and increase the competitiveness of the SHC as a systemically important APCS complex at the time of installation.

Design of Automatic Test System for Dynamic Performance of Magnetic Head Based on Machine Vision

Design of Automatic Test System for Dynamic Performance of Magnetic Head Based on Machine Vision

Electronic Controller Automatic Test System Based on Intelligent Control Algorithm

In order to improve the automatic test effect of the electronic controller, this paper combines the intelligent control algorithm to construct the automatic test system of the electronic controller. Moreover, the paper makes a detailed theoretical analysis of several basic problems relating to signal integrity and gives a general method to solve the main SI problems. In addition, this paper analyzes the principle of the microstrip transmission line parameter model and its relationship with the signal integrity and constructs an automated test system for an intelligent electronic controller. The simulation test results show that the electronic controller automated test system based on the intelligent control algorithm proposed in this paper can play an important role in the electronic controller automated test.

Design of Web Security Penetration Test System Based on Attack and Defense Game

Some sensitive data in the network will be leaked due to the loopholes or weaknesses of the web system itself, which will bring potential harm to the society or the public. Aiming at this, this study carries out the design of web security penetration test system. A test scheme comparing single method with an automatic comprehensive test method is designed. Based on this scheme, an automatic penetration test system script used under the terminal operation page is tested and designed. A security evaluation algorithm based on the prediction results of the game between attack and defense is proposed. Through this algorithm, different website systems are evaluated and scored, and the test results are compared through scoring. The automatic penetration test integration system designed and implemented in this study can meet the main objectives of web security and the protection requirements of websites against general, routine, and universal security attacks. The proposed evaluation algorithm is more detailed, accurate, and reference in scoring.

MORNSUN series DC-DC power module test fixture design

Test fixture is connected with the ATS automatic test system and the power module under test device, is an important component to achieve the power module test, its suitability, precision, opearbility also directly affect the accuracy of the test and the convenience of disassembly. Based on MORNSUN series DC-DC module, this paper aims to design a pin type test fixture with wide applicability, simple structure and convenient operation, and solve the problem of lack of test fixture in the actual test.

Improving the efficiency of learning programming and algorithmization through the use of an automated testing system

Problem. One of the main fundamental disciplines in training of future IT-specialists are the disciplines “Programming” and “Algorithms and data structures”. The issue of testing the programs developed by students becomes relevant. Obviously, the so-called manual testing is too time-consuming and inefficient, so the increasing number of teachers use automated testing systems. Goal. The goal is to analyze the existing approaches and find an effective solution to the problem of automated testing of student programs when studying the basics of programming and algorithmization. Methodology. The analysis carried out showed that there are two main approaches to the organization of automated testing of student programs. The first is the use of special information systems that automatically check the programs. The second is the use of Internet resources designed to use ready-made tasks in the process of learning or training. Results. The use of automated testing systems in the study of programming, algorithms and data structures was substantiated. The existing approaches were analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages were identified. It was proposed to use the DOTS system, which, according to the authors, is the most effective tool to achieve this goal. Originality. The advantages of the proposed approach are the presence of a large database of tasks of various levels of complexity, the ease and convenience of creating new tournaments, filling them with tasks and adding students to these tournaments, the ability to automatically check all tasks and generate final tables with the results. This gives the possibility for the teacher to control all stages of the assignment by students, view the source code of the programs sent for verification and manage the entire process. Practical value. The use of an automated testing system in the study of the basics of programming and algorithmization ultimately makes it possible to effectively form the competence of graduates in the design, development and analysis of algorithms, as well as in the implementation of algorithms in the form of software and information systems.

Preview the Products on Display at Display Week 2022

Preview the Products on Display at Display Week 2022

CHOOSING THE TEST AUTOMATION SYSTEM ACCORDING TO CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS

The subject of the research are methods and technologies for automating the process of software product testing. The aim of the work is to optimize the time and costs for performing automated testing of software products. The following tasks were solved: analysis of existing software testing automation systems; formation of system of selection criteria for testing automation systems; development of formalized model of selection process; development of automation system selection algorithm considering customer's requirements; development of UML diagrams for presentation of functional capabilities of developed application; development of application for informational support of selection process. To solve these tasks, we used methods of system analysis, theory of sets and technologies of cross-platform applications development. The following results were obtained: The most popular systems of test automation have been analyzed, their scope and main capabilities have been singled out. Selection criteria are singled out, divided into qualitative and quantitative. Formalized model for choosing test automation systems taking into account their characteristics and customer requirements is proposed. Developed UML diagram shows the functionality of the developed subsystem. The proposed algorithm for determining the re-recommended system of test automation allows us to take into account the vectors of criteria for testing systems. On the basis of the formalized model and algorithm we developed a subsystem that allows us to determine the optimal variant of test automation system on the basis of the introduced selection criteria. Conclusions: informational support for choosing a test automation system for software products based on the developed algorithm takes into account the customer's requirements and the characteristics of the existing systems, which allows us to select the most preferable option out of the possible systems. The main result of the developed subsystem is a recommendation for a user to use an automated testing system, taking into account customer requirements.

PASTE: FPGA-based Portable At-speed Scan Test Equipment

The increasing integration and complexity of chips driven by Moore’s Law has placed higher demands on chip verification and testing efforts. Automated Test Equipments (ATE) in conjunction with design for testability can effectively screen out faulty chips, but ATE is too costly and can be functionally redundant to be practical for small and medium-sized chip design companies and scientific research in universities. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a lot of research work on FPGA-based low-cost test equipment, but few studies have used the scan test method and have not been able to realize the at-speed test of the chip. In this paper, we propose a portable, low-cost and configurable FPGA-based chip scan test method, which can realize both normal and at-speed test, and can effectively filter the stuck-at faults and transition faults of the chip. We also optimize the test code size via run-length code compression algorithm and achieve a 68.16% compression rate for the test code, which effectively reduces the overall data storage and transmission overhead.

Automated Stability Testing of Elastic Rods With Helical Centerlines Using a Robotic System

Experimental analysis of the mechanics of a deformable object, and particularly its stability, requires repetitive testing and, depending on the complexity of the object’s shape, a testing setup that can manipulate many degrees of freedom at the object’s boundary. Motivated by recent advancements in robotic manipulation of deformable objects, this letter addresses these challenges by constructing a method for automated stability testing of a slender elastic rod — a canonical example of a deformable object — using a robotic system. We focus on rod configurations with helical centerlines since the stability of a helical rod can be described using only three parameters, but experimentally determining the stability requires manipulation of both the position and orientation at one end of the rod, which is not possible using traditional experimental methods that only actuate a limited number of degrees of freedom. Using a recent geometric characterization of stability for helical rods, we construct and implement a manipulation scheme to explore the space of stable helices, and we use a vision system to detect the onset of instabilities within this space. The experimental results obtained by our automated testing system show good agreement with numerical simulations of elastic rods in helical configurations. The methods described in this letter lay the groundwork for automation to grow within the field of experimental mechanics.

Overcoming Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Resistance for a More Rational Therapeutic Approach

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an underappreciated source of morbidity and mortality among gram-negative pathogens. Effective treatment options with acceptable toxicity profiles are limited. Phenotypic susceptibility testing via commercial automated test systems is problematic and no Food and Drug Administration breakpoints are approved for any of the first-line treatment options for S maltophilia. The lack of modern pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data for many agents impedes dose optimization, and the lack of robust efficacy and safety data limits their clinical utility. Levofloxacin has demonstrated similar efficacy to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, although rapid development of resistance is a concern. Minocycline demonstrates the highest rate of in vitro susceptibility, however, evidence to support its clinical use are scant. Novel agents such as cefiderocol have exhibited promising activity in preclinical investigations, though additional outcomes data are needed to determine its place in therapy for S maltophilia. Combination therapy is often employed despite the dearth of adequate supporting data.

Economic design of multiple inspection plans via the expectation-maximization algorithm

Because of inspection errors, expensive items such as computer chips are usually inspected more than once with the same testing device to further improve the quality of accepted items. Many researchers have considered various multiple inspection plans that minimize the expected total cost of inspection and misclassifications. We first propose a new Markovian inspection plan under which each item is tested repeatedly until we have a sufficient number of positive or negative test results. We then deal with the problem of estimating three model parameters: the type I and II errors of an automated test equipment and the fraction defective of incoming items. Because of computational difficulties in maximizing the likelihood of the three parameters, we propose the use of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm as an easy alternative. In a numerical analysis, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of our new inspection plan over previous ones.

Distortion Analysis for Programmable Analog Signals Generated Using FPGA

Abstract Practical applications in electrical engineering often deal with analog signals, but there are employed also digital circuits and microcontrollers. Sometimes it is easier or cheaper to improvise DA and AD converters instead of using dedicated ones. This paper is a comparative analysis of how accurate the analog signals can be generated from digital systems, like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) using only additional passive circuits. For this analysis, different FPGAs families were tested. Two alternatives of generating analog signals were considered in this study: PWM and R2R network. The analysis has been performed for a common frequency band, from 100 Hz to 30 kHz, using a virtual instrument for building an automated test system. At 10 kHz the PWM module obtains better THD values, reaching even 0.013% and at 30 kHz the R2R module obtains better THD values, reaching even 0.222%.