Automatic Interaction Detection Analysis Research Articles

An intersectional perspective on the sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing the status of not in Education, Employment, or training (NEET) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

High rates of Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) are seen in people with first episode of psychosis (FEP). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were reported to be associated with NEET status in FEP patients. This study follows Intersectionality to examine the independent and additive effects, and most importantly the intersections of sociodemographic and clinical variables concerning NEET status in FEP patients. It was hypothesized that NEET status in FEP patients would be described by the intersection between at least two predictor variables. Secondary analyses with chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analyses were performed on 440 participants with FEP. Chi-square tests indicated that patient socioeconomic status and negative symptom severity were significantly and independently associated with their NEET status. Multiple logistic regression suggested additive effects of age (odds ratio = 1.61), patient socioeconomic status (odds ratio = 1.55) and negative symptom severity (odds ratio = 1.75) in predicting patients' NEET status. CHAID detected an intersection between patients' negative symptom severity and socioeconomic status in shaping their NEET status. This study explored how the NEET status of patients with FEP was explained not only by the separate effects of negative symptom severity and socioeconomic status but also by the unique intersections of their clinical and social identities. Findings indicated that functional outcomes of patients appear co-constructed by the intersections of multiple identities. Crucial clinical implications of complementing care for negative symptom severity with vocational resources to improve functional outcomes of patients are discussed.

Refining clinically relevant cut-offs of prostate specific antigen density for risk stratification in patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions.

Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3 lesions, identified through multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), present a clinical challenge due to their equivocal nature in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Aim of the study is to improve risk stratification of patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions and candidates for prostate biopsy. A cohort of 4841 consecutive patients who underwent MRI and subsequent MRI-targeted and systematic biopsies between January 2016 and April 2023 were retrospectively identified from independent prospectively maintained database. Only patients who have PI-RADS 3 lesions were included in the final analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify covariables associated with csPCa defined as International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group ≥2. Performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration, and net benefit. Significant predictors were then selected for further exploration using a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis. Overall, 790 patients had PI-RADS 3 lesions and 151 (19%) had csPCa. Significant associations were observed for age (OR: 1.1 [1.0-1.1]; p = 0.01) and PSA density (OR: 1643 [2717-41,997]; p < 0.01). The CHAID analysis identified PSAd as the sole significant factor influencing the decision tree. Cut-offs for PSAd were 0.13 ng/ml/cc (csPCa detection rate of 1% vs. 18%) for the two-nodes model and 0.09 ng/ml/cc and 0.16 ng/ml/cc for the three-nodes model (csPCa detection rate of 0.5% vs. 2% vs. 17%). For individuals with PI-RADS 3 lesions on prostate mpMRI and a PSAd below 0.13, especially below 0.09, prostate biopsy can be omitted, in order to avoid unnecessary biopsy and overdiagnosis of non-csPCa.

Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis of the use of safety goggles and face masks as personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect against occupational biohazards

BackgroundThis study represents the first Spanish investigation to rigorously evaluate compliance with the use of safety goggles and face masks as essential personal protective equipment (PPE) in companies with workplaces involving exposure to biological agents. ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the degree of use of face masks and safety goggles as personal protective equipment (PPE), the factors that influence their use, and the profile of workers exposed to occupational biological agents in Spanish companies in the health sector, farming sector, meat industry, waste treatment plants, food industry, and veterinary centers. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 590 Spanish workers from 51 companies. We developed a 34-item questionnaire to assess workers’ perception of risk related to exposure to biological agents in their workplaces. Among the questions, three were designed to measure the degree of use of key protective equipment in sectors with biological agent exposure: protective gloves, safety goggles or face masks. We only analyzed safety goggles and face masks. We performed various statistical analyses, including Cronbach’s alpha, frequency of endorsement, content validity ratio using Lawshe’s method, varimax rotation, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, and Bartlett’s sphericity test, to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. Additionally, we employed a chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) segmentation analysis, using workers’ responses regarding their attitudes toward safety goggles and face mask usage as PPE for protection against biological risks, with demographic variables as independent factors. ResultsIn the current study, CHAID analysis revealed that workers exposed to group 2 biological agents used more safety goggles and face shields compared with workers exposed to other groups of biological agents. Moreover, workers in laboratories and the food industry used face masks more than workers of other sectors. ConclusionThe CHAID analysis in the current study indicated that workers exposed to biological agents from both group 2 and group 3 demonstrated satisfactory levels of compliance and utilization of protective masks, surpassing their counterparts in terms of usage. Workers in the food and laboratory industries had subpar compliance with preventive measures, and employees from companies with internal health and safety departments exhibited significant adherence to workplace mask usage, safeguarding themselves against biological risks.

Bullying Involvement at the Intersection of Gender Identity/Modality, Sexual Identity, Race, Ethnicity, and Disability: Prevalence Disparities and the Role of School-Related Developmental Assets.

Purpose: This study examines adolescents' self-reported school-based developmental assets and four intersecting social positions as they relate to prevalence of bullying involvement. Methods: Participants were 80,456 ninth and 11th grade students who participated in the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (30.2% youth of color; 11% lesbian/gay/bisexual/pansexual/queer/questioning; 2.9% transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify school-based developmental assets (i.e., school safety, school adult support) and intersecting social positions (i.e., sexual identity; gender identity/modality; racial/ethnic identity; physical disabilities/chronic illness; and/or mental health/behavioral/emotional problems) associated with the highest prevalence of involvement as physical and relational bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Results: Adolescents with 2+ marginalized social positions who often lacked school-based developmental assets were part of nearly all the highest prevalence bullying involvement groups. TGD and gender questioning adolescents, Native American youth, and youth living with both physical disabilities/chronic illness and mental health/emotional/behavioral problems-most of whom had additional marginalized social positions and lacked school-based assets-were particularly overrepresented in high prevalence groups. For example, 31.1% of TGD or gender questioning youth of color living with both types of disabilities/health problems who did not feel strongly that school was safe reported involvement as physical bully-victims-nearly six times the sample average rate. Conclusion: Adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and those lacking certain school-based assets-often overlapping categories-were involved in bullying at higher-than-average rates. Findings underscore the need for schools to address intersecting experiences of stigma and structural oppression that may perpetuate bullying involvement disparities.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Adult Patient using Data Mining Approach in Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem that leads to substantial disease and death rate. Diabetes has resulted into a lot of complications such as renal failure, retinopathy, and heart diseases and is accounted as the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of adult patient living with type 2 diabetes using data mining approach in Nigeria. The participants from this study were from secondary data obtained from different journals from seven states in Nigeria. Data were collected using data mining approach from numerous set of data to get hidden knowledge. Data was entered using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was analyzed using both descriptive and Chi-squared automatic Interaction detection (CHAID) analysis. CHAID was used to develop the decision tree model which is used for the prediction of the knowledge, attitude and practice. Result showed that the participants comprised 2070 participants of which 56.8% where female and 43.2% were male. The Socio demographic characteristics have been revealed to have a role in the knowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patient in that it is found out that marital status is the major determinant of knowledge in type 2 diabetic patients because about 100% of adult patient with marital status had good knowledge of 89.8%, also education is the major determinant of attitude in type 2 diabetes patients and knowledge is the major determinant of practice in type 2 diabetes patients. The adult patient had good knowledge on type 2 diabetes of 59.5%, poor knowledge of 31.1% and fair knowledge of 9.5%. This study also shows that 47% of diabetes mellitus patient had good attitude. 8.6% had fair attitude, and 44.4% had poor attitude of the ailment. Also, the study also shows that 52.5% of type 2 diabetes mellitus had good practice, 21.9% had fair practice and 25.6% had poor practice. Therefore, this study concluded that majority of the patient had good knowledge of diabetes. Nevertheless, there is a need to educate patient on issues relating to diabetes mellitus and ensure compliance to the interventions needed in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Evaluating the Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Density in Risk Stratification of PI-RADS 3 Peripheral Zone Lesions on Non-Contrast-Enhanced Prostate MRI: An Exploratory Single-Institution Study.

Objective This study aimed to explore the potential of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as a supplementary tool for defining high-risk Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3 lesions in the peripheral zone on non-contrast-enhanced MRI. This additional stratification tool could supplement the decision-making process for biopsy, potentially helping in identifying higher-risk patients more accurately, minimizing unnecessary procedures in lower-risk patients, and limiting the need for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) scans. Materials and methods Between January 2019 and April 2023, 30 patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions underwent MRI-ultrasound fusion biopsies at our institution. Age and PSAD values were investigated using logistic regression and chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis to discern their predictive value for malignancy. Results The mean patient age was 64.7 years, and the mean PSAD was 0.13 ng/mL2. Logistic regression demonstrated PSAD to be a significant predictor of cancer (p=0.012), but not age (p=0.855). CHAID analysis further identified a PSAD cut-off value of 0.12, below which the cancer detection rate was 23.1% and above which the rate increased to 76.5%. Conclusions This exploratory study suggests that PSAD might be utilized to enhance the stratification of high-risk PI-RADS 3 lesions in the peripheral zone on non-contrast-enhanced MRI, aiding in decision-making for biopsy. While biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, a high PSAD value may suggest a greater need for biopsy in this specific group. Although further validation in larger cohorts is required, our findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimizing PI-RADS 3 lesion management. Limitations include a small sample size, the retrospective nature of the study, and the single-center setting, which may impact the generalizability of our results.

Exploring Bias-Based Bullying and Intersecting Social Positions as Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents.

Purpose: The current study extends the limited body of intersectional research on adolescents' sexual health by examining experiences of bias-based bullying and multiple intersecting social positions associated with engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Methods: Participants were 14,968 sexually active 9th and 11th grade students surveyed as part of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (15% lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/pansexual/questioning [LGBQ] and/or transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify experiences (i.e., bias-based bullying victimization) and intersecting social positions (i.e., sexual orientation identity; gender identity/modality; race/ethnicity; physical disabilities/chronic illness; mental health/behavioral/emotional problems) associated with the highest prevalence of three sexual risk behaviors. Results: Overall, 18% of adolescents reported 3+ sex partners in the last year, 14% reported drug/alcohol use before last sex, and 36% reported not discussing protection from sexually transmitted infections with new sexual partners. Adolescents with 2+ marginalized social positions, some of whom also experienced bias-based bullying, were part of 53% of the highest prevalence risk groups. For example, 42% of Multiracial or Latina/x/o gender questioning adolescents who identified as LGBQ reported 3+ sex partners in the last year-twice the sample average. Adolescents who were Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Latina/x/o, Multiracial, TGD, or gender questioning were in the highest prevalence nodes across all outcomes. Conclusion: Adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and who experience bias-based bullying engage in high-risk sexual behaviors at higher-than-average rates. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce high-risk sex behaviors and promote health equity among adolescents.

Interpersonal protective factors for LGBTQ+ youth at multiple intersecting social identities and positions.

Interpersonal supports are protective against multiple negative health outcomes for youth such as emotional distress and substance use. However, finding interpersonal support may be difficult for youth exposed to intersecting racism, heterosexism, and cisgenderism, who may feel they are "outsiders within" their multiple communities. This study explores disparities in interpersonal supports for youth at different sociodemographic intersections. The 2019 Minnesota Student Survey includes data from 80,456 high school students, including measures of four interpersonal supports: feeling cared about by parents, other adult relatives, friends, and community adults. Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to examine all interactions among four social identities/positions (racialized/ethnic identity, sexual identity, gender identity, sex assigned at birth) to identify groups who report different rates of caring from each source (Bonferroni adjusted p<.05). In the overall sample, 69.24% perceived the highest level of caring ("very much") from parents, 50.09% from other adult relatives, 39.94% from friends, and 15.03% from community adults. Models identified considerable differences in each source of support. For example, more than 72% of straight, cisgender youth reported their parents cared about them very much, but youth who identified as LGBQ and TGD or gender-questioning were much less likely to report high parent caring (less than 36%) across multiple racialized/ethnic identities and regardless of sex assigned at birth. Findings highlight the importance of better understanding the ways interpersonal support might differ across groups, and underscore a need for intersectionality-tailored interventions to develop protective interpersonal supports for LGBTQ+ youth, rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.

Predictors of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among Turkish university students.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most crucial health problems that sexually active university students may encounter. This study aims to identify the predictors of self-reported STIs among university students. Study participants were 2,241 individuals who reported having had sexual intercourse among a cohort of 9,693 students surveyed from 21 Turkish universities. The age of participants ranged from 17 years to 28 years. The Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis indicated that gender was the main predictor of self-reported STI. Also, number of partners and substance use were found as predictor variables for males. Finally, the classification accuracy of the CHAID model was found to be 95.3% within the sample. The present findings shed light on risk factors for STI acquisition, suggesting possible directions for tailoring future preventive interventions.

Navigating Digital Inequality: Examining Factors Affecting Rural Customers’ Internet Banking Adoption in Post-COVID Bangladesh

As the world continues to navigate the new normal brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, one issue that has come to the forefront is digital inequality. In Bangladesh, where a significant portion of the population resides in rural areas, the adoption of internet banking has been hindered by various factors. However, understanding these factors is crucial, especially now that digital transactions have become more important. This study aims to understand the factors influencing the adoption of internet banking services among rural customers in Bangladesh. To acquire data, a questionnaire was administered to 443 rural bank customers in the district of Barisal. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed three primary factors: trust compatibility, service benefit, and access to consumer education. In addition, the research sought to determine if the identified factors, particularly access to consumer education, varied according to the occupation and income level of rural consumers. Using exhaustive Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis, the findings revealed that access to consumer education differs significantly by occupation level, with business and service holders being more likely than farmers to have access to consumer education. This research contributes to the literature by providing insights into the adoption of internet banking by rural customers and informing policymakers about the special needs of this demographic.

The Impact of Work Incentives Benefits Counseling on Employment Outcomes: A National Vocational Rehabilitation Study.

Millions of Americans receiving Social Security Administration (SSA) disability benefits aspire to work and reduce reliance on disability benefits, but find the rules about entering or rejoining the workforce too complex or confusing and fear that working will cause loss of important benefits. A case control study was conducted to investigate the impact of receiving work incentives benefits counseling (WIBC) on employment outcomes, and its relationship with demographic covariates for U.S. vocational rehabilitation (VR) clients who are SSA disability benefit recipients. Data for this study were extracted from the Rehabilitation Service Administration (RSA-911) database. Mahalanobis distance matching procedures were used to match clients who received WIBC with those who did not receive it. Chi-square independence tests and independent samples t tests were used to compare receipt of WIBC and employment outcomes based on the demographic variables. Additionally,chi squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis was used to divide VR clients into homogeneous groups based on the covariates. Clients who received WIBC were more likely to obtain competitive integrated employment (CIE). Impairment type, referral source, long-term employment and education level were significantly associated with CIE for clients who received WIBC. Additionally, VR clients with sensory/communicative impairments and low-income status were less likely to receive WIBC. Modifying VR structure to be more inclusive; understanding of stigma; and increasing the functioning, psychological well-being and self-efficacy of VR clients might improve employment outcomes.

Oral care frequency of patients with intensive care needs after surgery: A cross-sectional study

Although oral care for critical patients when applied effectively, minimizes important health risks, no study has been found that determines the oral care frequentness after surgery. This study was conducted to determine the oral care frequentness requirements and related factors of surgical patients admitted to the postoperative intensive care unit. It was a cross-sectional study. It was conducted with 110 surgical patients who were hospitalized in the postoperative intensive care unit and whose oral care was not yet performed within the first 6 hours. “Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form” and “Intensive Care Oral Care Frequency Assessment Scale” were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square automatic interaction detection analysis were applied in the analysis of the data. The mean score of the Intensive Care Oral Care Frequency Assessment Scale of the patients after surgery was 21.60±3.02. The oral care needs frequency score of 23.6% of the patients was between 10-19 points, they were identified as needing oral care should be at least 8 to 12 hours, and oral care needs of 76.4% were between 20-29 points and they were identified as needing oral care should be at least 6 hours. It was determined that the oral care frequentness score of the patients over 65 was higher than the other age groups and it was statistically significant that they needed oral care should be at least 6 hours (p&lt;0.001). In addition, it was determined that the oral care frequentness increased in patients aged 65 and over, who had been intubated, and had undergone general surgery, cardiovascular surgery, and urological surgery (p=0.008). This study showed that surgical patients who need intensive care after surgery had increased oral care frequentness care needs and had certain surgical risk factors that negatively affect their oral health.

Media-generated characteristics of Homeland War–related commemorations in Croatia

This study contributes to literature concerning memory and dark tourism by providing empirical evidence about the link between commemorations and the news media in a post-conflict and tourism-dependent Croatia, as well as the specific media-constructed social reality. The main focus lies on the types and media-based descriptions of commemorations. A total of 371 news articles were collected and then reviewed using a set of items grounded in theory. In addition to content, a chi-square automatic interaction detection analysis was also employed. Four commemoration types with significant peculiarities (site category, young and senior generation of visitors, and mass visits) are observed in a two-branch model. Other general characteristics of commemorations were also identified. The dominant commemoration type in Croatia are ‘memorial services’, (massively) visited by seniors. Young people rarely attend commemorations. If so, they mostly attend ‘parades, marches, processions’ taking place at authentic sites. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for stakeholders.

Substance Use Behaviors Among LGBTQ+ Youth of Color: Identification of the Populations Bearing the Greatest Burden in Three Large Samples

PurposeResearch has identified persistent disparities in alcohol, e-cigarette, and marijuana use, by sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity. Using an intersectionality framework, the present study analyzes three large datasets to identify intersecting social positions bearing the highest burden of substance use. MethodsData from adolescents in grades 9–12 in three samples (2019 Minnesota Student Survey, 2017–2019 California Healthy Kids Survey, and 2017 National Teen Survey) were harmonized for an analysis (N = 602,470). A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection analysis compared the prevalence of four types of substance use across all combinations of four social positions (six racial/ethnic identities, five sexual orientations, three gender identities, and two sexes assigned at birth). For each substance, 10 intersectional groups with the highest prevalence of use were examined. ResultsIn the full sample, 12%–14% of participants reported past 30-day alcohol, e-cigarette, or marijuana use and 7% reported past 30-day binge drinking. Several intersecting marginalized social positions were consistently found to bear a high burden of substance use. For example, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) Latina/x/o young people, particularly those assigned male at birth, were in the high prevalence groups for alcohol use, binge drinking, and marijuana use. Black TGD or gender-questioning youth were commonly in the high prevalence groups. DiscussionFindings suggest that support, resources, and structural changes specifically tailored to youth with multiple marginalized identities (especially TGD) may be needed. The results argue for intersectional efforts that explicitly address racial/ethnic and cultural differences, while also integrating awareness and understanding of sexual and gender diversity.

Knowledge discovery in manufacturing datasets using data mining techniques to improve business performance

Recently due &lt;span&gt;to the explosion in the data field, there is a great interest in the data science areas such as big data, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning. Knowledge gives control and power in numerous manufacturing areas. Companies, factories, and all organizations owners aim to benefit from their huge; recorded data that increases and expands very quickly to improve their business and improve the quality of their products. In this research paper, the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) technique has been followed, “association rules” algorithms “Apriori algorithm”, and “chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis tree” have been applied on real datasets belonging to (Emisal factory). This factory annually loses tons of production due to the breakdowns that occur daily inside the factory, which leads to a loss of profit. After analyzing and understanding the factory product processes, we found some breakdowns occur a lot of days during the product lifecycle, these breakdowns affect badly on the production lifecycle which led to a decrease in sales. So, we have mined the data and used the mentioned methods above to build a predictive model that will predict the breakdown types and help the factory owner to manage the breakdowns risks by taking accurate actions before the breakdowns happen.&lt;/span&gt;

Non-compliance with a nurse\u2019s advice to visit the primary care provider: an exploratory secondary analysis of the TRIAGE-trial

BackgroundDuring the cluster randomised TRIAGE-trial, a nurse advised 13% of low-risk patients presenting at an emergency department in Belgium to visit the adjacent general practitioner cooperative. Patients had the right to refuse this advice. This exploratory study examines the characteristics of refusers by uncovering the determinants of non-compliance and its impact on costs, as charged on the patient’s invoice.MethodsBivariate analyses with logistic regressions and T-tests were used to test the differences in patient characteristics, patient status, timing characteristics, and costs between refusers and non-refusers. A chi-square automatic interaction detection analysis was used to find the predictors of non-compliance.Results23.50% of the patients refused the advice to visit the general practitioner cooperative. This proportion was mainly influenced by the nurse on duty (non-compliance rates per nurse ranging from 2.9% to 52.8%) and the patients’ socio-economic status (receiving increased reimbursement versus not OR 1.37, 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.95). Additionally, non-compliance was associated (at the 0.10 significance level) with being male, not living nearby and certain reasons for encounter. Fewer patients refused when the nurse perceived crowding level as quiet relative to normal, and more patients refused during the evening. The mean cost was significantly higher for patients who refused, which was a result of more extensive examination and higher out-of-pocket expenses at the ED.ConclusionsThe nurse providing the advice to visit the general practitioner cooperative has a central role in the likelihood of patients’ refusal. Interventions to reduce non-compliance should aim at improving nurse-patient communication. Special attention may be required when managing patients with a lower socio-economic status. The overall mean cost was higher for refusers, illustrating the importance of compliance.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on registration number NCT03793972 on 04/01/2019.

Developing a Clinical Prediction Rule for Gait Independence at Discharge in Patients with Stroke: A Decision-Tree Algorithm Analysis

ObjectivesTo develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for gait independence at discharge in patients with stroke, using the decision-tree algorithm and to investigate the usefulness of CPR at admission to the rehabilitation ward. Materials and MethodsWe included 181 subjects with stroke during the postacute phase. The Chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis method with 10-fold cross-validation was used to develop two CPRs; CPR 1 using easily obtainable data available at admission; CPR 2 using easily obtainable data available 1 month after admission, for prediction of gait independence at discharge. ResultsThe degree of independence of toileting was extracted as a first node in the development of two CPRs to predict gait independence at discharge. CPR 1 included the presence of delirium. CPR 2 included problem-solving abilities. The accuracy and area under the curve of CPR 1 were 84.5% and 0.911, respectively; those of CPR 2 were 89.0% and 0.958, respectively. ConclusionsToileting independence is a key factor in predicting the gait independence for the discharge of patients with stroke during the postacute phase. Early intervention, during the acute phase, for delirium and cognitive decline, as well as for toileting, increases the possibility of gait independence at discharge.

Turkey’s Coffee Adventure: An Analysis of Coffee Experience Typologies and Business Type Preferences

The rise in the coffee consumption, as one of the most popular beverages in the world, has opened the door to “coffee shops” in their modern form. The present study analyses the type of Turkish consumers who prefer national and international coffee shops based on their demographic characteristics and motivations. A total of 448 visitors to coffee shops during the Istanbul Coffee Festival filled out the developed survey form. 411 of these were used for data analysis. The data obtained in the research were divided into four groups through a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) Analysis and Correspondence Analysis, depending on the demographic and motivational characteristics of the consumers with experience of national and international coffee shops. Consumers attribute importance to the atmosphere, image, coffee quality and location of coffees shops, while the target market of coffee shops is generally well-educated, consisting of mostly female consumers over the age of 30. The first and the second group preferred the coffee experience of international coffee shops, while the third group preferred only national coffee shops. The respondents in the fourth group preferred the national coffee shops, but also stated a desire to experience coffee in international coffee shops

Hemşirelik Lisans Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik İnançlarını Etkileyen Faktörler: Tanımlayıcı Kesitsel Çalışma

Objective: This research aims to determine the epistemological beliefs of nursing undergraduate students and examine the affecting factors. Material and Methods: This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 621 students receiving education in the 2018-2019 academic year. The 'personal information form', consisting of 10 questions developed by the researchers based on the literature, and the 'Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire' were used to collect the research data. The data were analyzed through the 'SPSS 20.0' using descriptive statistics of the characteristics and epistemological beliefs of the participants. Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to determine the affecting factors. Results: In the epistemological belief sub-dimensions, the belief that learning depends on effort was 63.47±16.17, the belief that it depends on ability was 22.00±8.49, and the belief in the existence of a single truth was 28.28±8.01. It has been determined that students' epistemological beliefs are affected by gender, where they live, and academic success (p<0.05). Conclusion: The epistemological beliefs can severely impact nursing students' academic behavior; therefore, the epistemological beliefs of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds should be challenged and improved. The findings from this study can contribute to developing strategies for invisible belief barriers that lead students to fail in increasing the quality of care by using accurate and reliable information.

A decision tree to identify the combinations of non-communicable diseases that constitute the highest risk for dental caries experience: A hospital records-based study.

To investigate whether dental status, represented by the DMFT score, was affected by the presence of NCDs and determined the NCDs that had a greater impact on the DMFT score. This retrospective cross-sectional study included a total of 10,017 individuals. The presence of NCDs was investigated based on self-reported medical history recorded on each patient’s dental hospital record. Individual DMFT score was evaluated on the basis of the dental records and panoramic radiographs. The data were further analyzed using multiple regression analysis and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis. A total of 5,388 individuals had more than one NCD among hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and osteoporosis. The average DMFT score was 8.62 ± 7.10 in the NCD group, significantly higher than that in those without NCD (5.53 ± 5.48) (P < 0.001). In the regression analysis, age, NCDs, and psychiatric problems were selected as risk factors of DMFT score. In the CHAID decision tree analysis, age was the risk factor that most influenced the DMFT score. HT was the most influential factor in a newly generated decision tree excluding age, and osteoporosis, DM, and CVD were important risk factors acting in the subgroups. Patients with NCD had worse dental conditions than those who did not, and some combinations of NCDs related highest risk for a dental caries-related index. In clinical practice, dentists should provide meticulous care for dental caries in elderly patients with NCDs, especially when certain diseases, such as HT, osteoporosis, DM, and CVD, are present together.