Automated Control Systems Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY OF KAZAKHSTAN

Modern requirements for civil aviation personnel impose high standards in terms of professionalism, safety, and technical competence. With the constant development of aviation technology, appropriate personnel training is required. Training should include mastery of modern aviation systems, electronics, automated control systems, and the ability to work with latest technical developments. Global aviation safety standards are constantly being updated, and personnel must stay up-to-date with the latest developments. Educational programs should emphasize compliance with international safety standards and regulations. With an increasing number of international flights, the ability to communicate effectively in different languages and diverse cultural environments has become important. Educational programs should focus on developing communication and interpersonal skills. Civil aviation personnel must be prepared to respond effectively to crisis situations such as accidents, terrorist threats, and pandemics. Educational programs should include simulations and hands-on training to develop management skills for stressful situations. Civil aviation, one of the most complex and responsible industries, is developing rapidly and requires highly qualified and competent personnel. International standards and certification systems play a decisive role in specialist training, ensuring uniform requirements and quality of training throughout the industry. Adaptation of the education system in civil aviation to modern requirements plays a key role in ensuring not only a high level of professionalism of personnel but also the safety and reliability of aviation in the context of rapid technological and structural development of the industry. This article is devoted to the analysis and optimization of personnel training systems in civil aviation, taking into account the principles of vocational education. In the context of the rapid development of the aviation industry and constant changes in personnel requirements, this article examines the key aspects of the organization of the educational process at various levels, ranging from basic training to advanced specialized programs.

Software Quality Assessment Technique for the Autonomous Power Plants Automated Control Systems

Software Quality Assessment Technique for the Autonomous Power Plants Automated Control Systems

ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ УТЕЧЕК В ТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ТРУБОПРОВОДНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ

The features of the development of technical diagnostic methods for remote control of the parameters of the operation of thermal power pipeline systems are considered, with a main focus on heat supply systems, including leak detection, as well as in the creation of software for automated control systems. Mathematical models for remote leak detection are proposed, implemented using software for regular monitoring and maintenance to ensure reliable operation of the systems under consideration. It is shown that the creation of algorithms and a system is required to detect leaks, including determining their location and scale. The created software can be used for automated control and monitoring of a thermal power system based on the results of the study. Based on the collected data related to the parameters of the heat supply system, such as pressure, gas flow and others, it is possible to build a statistical model that may include the probability distribution, expected values and variances of the parameters. The solution to the problem of specific leak detection may vary depending on the type of heat supply and the technologies used. It is shown that the study will contribute to improving the reliability and safety of heat supply systems by providing more effective detection and control of leaks and other anomalies in the operation of pipeline systems.

Fractional order control: A bibliometric analysis (2000–2022)

Fractional order control is one of the most important enablers of advanced closed loop industrial automation systems. This paper presents a detailed bibliometric study of fractional order control related research published during the past two decades (2000–2022) in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus indexed sources. The WoS analysis included yearly publications, publication types and top contributing publishing sources, organizations, researchers, countries and research areas. VoS viewer based full counting methodology was used to analyze citation, co-citation and co-authorship based collaborations among authors, organizations, countries, sources and documents. Co-occurrence, timeline and burst detection analyses of keywords and published articles were also carried out to unravel significant fractional control research trends in the last two decades. The Scopus analysis firstly included annual publication counts, subject areas, document types and top contributing authors, sources, nations, institutions and funding agencies. Secondly, dedicated Scopus searches were carried out for hardware implementation, non integer control and patents. Results indicate that the fractional order controller research has been primarily focused in engineering domain, followed by mathematics, physics, automation control systems and computer science. Materials, mechanics and telecommunications are some of the lesser explored areas. There is a lot of scope of fractional order control research related to patents, hardware implementation, non integer control, anomalous diffusion, chaos and task analysis. Future investigations will also include neural networks based machine learning in fractional order control solutions.

Эффекты и модели технологической модернизации горнодобывающего производства

Amidst the current shift towards sustainable development and a low-carbon economy, it is important to assess the preparedness of mining companies for implementing large-scale technology modernization programs. The extent of modernization and the level of the company’s involvement are the factors determining the nature of modernization transformations. Major modernization of production makes it possible to address the challenges of improving corporate social and environmental responsibility, including industrial safety issues in mining operations. When implementing technology modernization programs, it is important to focus on environmentally-oriented objectives while improving operational efficiency. The mining industry, characterized by unique technological solutions, often necessitates unconventional modernization measures, entailing substantial investments in research and development (R & D). In Arctic deposit development, a higher level of technological advancement, including digital technologies and automated control systems, is imperative. Digital solutions, automation, and robotization should be integrated into modernization programs in the mining sector. Our research methodology is based on the summary and synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of modernization measures and developing a typology of technology modernization models. This study aims to refine conceptual approaches to the typology of organizational and economic models of technology modernization and to assess the effectiveness of modernization programs in the context of mining in the Arctic. The article delineates the fundamental principles of technology modernization and substantiates the effects arising from modernization measures, using mining companies functioning in the Arctic economic zone as an illustrative case study. The article proposes a typology of technology modernization models based on criteria developed by the authors, among which are key technology, management effects, and key approaches to efficiency assessment. It is emphasized thatadvanced technology modernization models should holistically reflect both economic and socio-ecological effects.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS OF ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IN MODERN MEDICAL PRACTICE

Currently, respiratory support with the use of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) is the leading method of intensive care for severe respiratory disorders of various origins. Constant technological improvement of ventilators in order to find the most physiological and safe modes opens up new opportunities for the creation of many automated control systems that operate on the feedback principle. This article is devoted to the intelligent ventilation modes presented in medicine, their advantages and disadvantages over other existing modes.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF 155 MM CALIBRE SHELLS

This research paper is devoted to the prospects of development of 155 mm caliber projectiles. The projectiles of this caliber are important elements of artillery armament used in many countries, particularly in NATO countries. The paper reviews the current state of the art of 155 mm projectiles, technological innovations to improve these projectiles, challenges and limitations, development prospects and conclusion. A general overview of 155 mm caliber projectiles, their main characteristics and uses is provided. Technological innovations used to improve the projectiles, in particular new materials and control systems, are proposed. The challenges and limitations faced by 155 mm caliber projectiles are discussed in detail. This includes discussion of projectile size and weight, firing accuracy, cost and availability, air defense, and ethical aspects of weapon use. Prospects for the development of 155 mm caliber projectiles are presented. New technologies and innovations that can improve their effectiveness, maneuverability, and ability to counter the enemy are discussed. In particular, the use of automated control systems, improved guidance and navigation systems, and the use of new materials are explored. A conclusion is provided that summarizes the results of the study and draws conclusions regarding the future development of 155 mm caliber projectiles. It is noted that an integrated approach and innovative solutions are needed to overcome the challenges and limitations and to ensure the availability and effectiveness of these projectiles in the modern combat environment. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the future prospects of 155 mm caliber projectiles and to provide a basis for further research and development in this area. Keywords: 155 mm projectiles, artillery ammunition, ballistics, precision guidance systems, projectile design, smart ammunition, artillery technology, lethality enhancement, drive systems, future trends.

MODEL-BASED METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING AUTOMATED WORKPLACES

The article deals with model-based methodology for designing automated workplaces with control systems using programmable logic controllers. A categorization of some development methodologies and simulations of automated system control is presented. In the case study, a model of the controlled system is created, which is used for control simulations of the designed control system. The developed control system can thus be tested on this model, and any failure will thus only indicate possible errors in the control program or in the control hardware. Accordingly, it is then possible to modify the control system without the risk of possible damages or disasters. With this methodology, it is possible to implement control system training, especially in the case of dangerous and risky applications.

Организация перевозочного процесса на участке с интегрированной распределенной архитектурой системы управления для полигонных технологий

The implementation of railway automation and remote control systems on a microprocessor circuit technology involves significant capital investments compared to their relay counterparts. Therefore, it is advisable to use an integrated system with a comprehensive distributed architecture for automating train traffic control in an extended area from reference stations. This, in turn, requires the development of a technology for organizing the transportation process. The article discusses the technology of interlocking control at reference stations, as well as justifies a list of responsible commands implemented in a safe control computing complex, taking into account the exclusion of some interdependence checks in the distributed placement of equipment of object controllers and malfunctions in the operation of railway automation and remote control systems. The efficiency of the proposed technological scheme for the extended control zone of the polygon is considered. Keywords: railway automation and remote control systems; microprocessor interlocking; automated workplace; reference station; control computing complex; object controller; coupling device; reference station operator; train dispatcher; responsible command; polygon control technologies.

Логико-временная формализация имитационных моделей систем железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики

The purpose of the article is to present the results of developing a method for formalizing simulation models of railway automation and remote control systems as queuing systems with a rigidly regulated sequence of using service devices while processing streams of requests of various types. For the software implementation of simulation models with such properties, the GPSS World tool is traditionally used. The logical time formalization is proposed, and the concept of the proposed formalization of simulation models is formulated. Its main provisions include: the type of request is determined solely by the composition and sequence of occupation and release of servicing devices; the use of transaction parameters to organize their multiphase processing for each type of request; checking the value of Boolean functions for each procedure of processing requests for each type; the regulated time in the procedure of processing requests is considered as one of the many logical conditions of Boolean functions; logical and parametric description of the modeled system should be performed at the level of initial data without changing the text of the modeling program. Objects in GPSS World sufficient for implementing this concept have been identified. Using the selected objects, an alphabet has been compiled, and logical diagrams of modeling algorithms have been developed in the obtained alphabet. This serves as a demonstration of the application of the logical time concept for the formalization of simulation models of complex queuing systems. A GPSS program has been developed to confirm the possibility and feasibility of using the proposed method for formalizing simulation models of railway automation systems with a rigid structure.

Cuckoo Coupled Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm for PID Parameter Tuning

In today’s automation control systems, the PID controller, as a core technology, is widely used to maintain the system output near the set value. However, in some complex control environments, such as the application of ball screw-driven rotating motors, traditional PID parameter adjustment methods may not meet the requirements of high precision, high performance, and fast response time of the system, making it difficult to ensure the stability and production efficiency of the mechanical system. Therefore, this paper proposes a cuckoo search optimisation coupled with an improved grey wolf optimisation (CSO_IGWO) algorithm to tune PID controller parameters, aiming at resolving the problems of the traditional grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm, such as slow optimisation speed, weak exploitation ability, and ease of falling into a locally optimal solution. First, the tent chaotic mapping method is used to initialise the population instead of using random initialization to enrich the diversity of individuals in the population. Second, the value of the control parameter is adjusted by the nonlinear decline method to balance the exploration and development capacity of the population. Finally, inspired by the cuckoo search optimisation (CSO) algorithm, the Levy flight strategy is introduced to update the position equation so that grey wolf individuals are enabled to make a big jump to expand the search area and not easily fall into local optimisation. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, this study first verifies the superiority of the improved algorithm with eight benchmark test functions. Then, comparing this method with the other two improved grey wolf algorithms, it can be seen that this method increases the average and standard deviation by an order of magnitude and effectively improves the global optimal search ability and convergence speed. Finally, in the experimental section, three parameter tuning methods were compared from four aspects: overshoot, steady-state time, rise time, and steady-state error, using the ball screw motor as the control object. In terms of overall dynamic performance, the method proposed in this article is superior to the other three parameter tuning methods.

Application of Variable Theory Domain Fuzzy Control Algorithm for Room Temperature Control

With the development of automatic control in the HVAC industry, more and more buildings have adopted automatic control of air conditioning, HVAC systems, but most of the control results can not be satisfactory. The research object of this paper is the elevator machine room equipped HVAC, through accurate control of that room temperature can greatly reduce the elevator shutdown caused by the action of the temperature protection circuit, so as to improve the safety of elevator operation. This paper gives three different temperature control methods, establishes the math representation of the temperature system in the machine room, specifically designs the classical PID controllers, Fuzzy PID controllers and variable domain Fuzzy PID controller, and simulates and analyzes the three algorithms respectively, The results indicate that in comparing the above three algorithms, the variable domain fuzzy PID algorithm has an adjustment time of 63s, and the overshooting amount of 0.4%, which is the best among the three control algorithms.

Digital Automation of Energy-Efficient In Vitro Irradiation of Orchard Plum Micro Cuttings

The yield and efficiency of cultivation of any crop depends on the quality of the planting material. The most promising method of modern horticulture, which makes it possible to significantly increase its environmental sustainability, is to obtain planting material, improved by culture of isolated tissues in vitro. There is blue honeysuckle, raspberries, garden strawberries, steppe cherries, domestic plums, and other crops studied in vitro in the Udmurt Federal Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Udmurt FRC UB RAS). The light regime has a great influence on plant growth under in vitro conditions. A review of specialized literature showed the energy efficiency of the pulsed mode of plants irradiation as significantly reducing power consumption compared to stationary (continuous) one with the same quality of the grown products. In the Udmurt FRC UB RAS, pulsed irradiation of garden strawberry explants in vitro made it possible to increase their rooting by 10 %. The mode of irradiation in modern illuminators with LEDs under in vitro conditions can be changed by means of digital automated control systems. This makes it possible to implement an energy-saving pulsed irradiation mode that allows efficient electricity use. The purpose of this work was to develop a digital system for automated control of the operation of the irradiator with LEDs for the implementation of an energy-efficient pulsed mode of plant irradiation in vitro and its experimental testing. Experiments conducted with it on plum micro-cuttings showed that the largest leaf area (119 %) compared to the control was obtained using light pulses with a duration of 0.8 s, which confirms the feasibility of using a pulsed irradiation mode and optimizes its parameters for these conditions.

RESEARCH OF AUDIO AND VIDEO TRAFFIC THE CHARACTERISTICS IN LOW-BANDWIDTH RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

The construction of mass service systems, namely automated control systems, requires preliminary analysis and modeling of traffic in their communication networks. Mathematical models of various types of traffic have been developed for public networks, which allows to estimate the necessary functional characteristics of equipment for building a communication network, depending on the number of users. Low-bandwidth communication networks, which are built on the basis of ultra high frequency and very high frequency (UHF/VHF) radio stations, are distinguished by low speed, high delay and jitter of data transmission. To work in such communication networks, special data transmission protocols are adapted and developed. In this paper, a study of the characteristics of audio and video traffic in low-bandwidth communication networks is carried out, which are built on the basis of UHF/VHF radio stations, which will allow creating a software implementation of simulated traffic modeling for the further determination of the services availability at the stage of planning and designing the communication system. Two personal computers and two modern RF‑7850M-HH UHF/VHF radio stations were used to study the characteristics of audio traffic. The radio stations worked in three operating modes: narrowband mode with a fixed carrier frequency FF, narrowband mode with pseudo-random adjustment of the operating frequency QL1A, and wideband mode ANW2C. The voice was transmitted in digital mode using the built-in MELP 2400 codec, and the "iperf-v2.0.5" software was used to determine the characteristics of the audio traffic on personal computers connected to these radio stations. Two personal computers, two modern RF‑7850M‑HH UHF/VHF radio stations, a video encoder and a video camera were used to study video traffic characteristics. The radio stations operated in ANW2C broadband mode. To evaluate the characteristics of the video traffic, the Wireshark software was used on a personal computer, with the help of which the video broadcast from the video encoder was presented. It was found that voice transmission in low-speed communication networks based on UHF/VHF radio stations occupies a bandwidth of 2 Kbit/s - 2.5 Kbit/s, and when voice and data are simultaneously transmitted in radio stations, data buffering and jitter increase. The resolution, bitrate, FPS, and necessary bandwidth of video traffic that can be transmitted via UHF/VHF radio communication channels are determined. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are provided for the transmission of video traffic through low-bandwidth communication channels.

Simulation Design of Level Cascade Control System for Double-capacity Water Tanks

As a typical representative of process control, double-capacity water tank level control is a common automation control system used to control the level of two tanks to achieve level stabilisation and control, which is widely used in various fields of industrial production. Liquid level control is the key to the performance of the whole control system due to the existence of hysteresis and other problems in the control. Serial control of the sub-loop has a rapid control role, it can effectively overcome the impact of the disturbance into the sub-loop, improve the dynamic characteristics of the object, so in order to achieve better control performance, this design uses serial control to achieve the level of double-capacity water tank fixed value control. Double-capacity water tank level series control system to the tank level as the controlled quantity, first of all, the characteristics of the tank, the establishment of its mathematical modelling, and then the use of MATLAB on the simulation of the tank as well as PID parameter adjustment, and finally through the response curve to analyze the control performance of the system. The simulation results show that the double-capacity water tank level series control performance is good, the system can achieve the level of static-free regulation, and anti-interference ability is strong, with good dynamic and steady state performance.

Design and Realisation of Level Cascade Control System for Double-capacity Water Tanks

As a typical representative of process control, double-capacity water tank level control is a common automation control system used to control the level of two water tanks to achieve level stability and control, which is widely used in various fields of industrial production. In actual production, the accuracy and control effect of liquid level control directly affects the production cost of the factory, economic benefits and even the safety factor of the equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure safety and convenient operation, it is necessary to research and develop advanced level control methods and strategies. The sub-loop of serial stage control has a fast control effect, which can effectively overcome the influence of the perturbation into the sub-loop and improve the dynamic characteristics of the object, therefore, this paper adopts the serial stage control algorithm to achieve the constant value control of the liquid level of the double-capacity water tank and compare it with the conventional PID control algorithm, and the realisation results show that the serial stage control has a good ability to inhibit the secondary perturbation, and it can effectively improve the system's rapidity and accuracy.

Solenoid Valve Control Design Using Arduino On Freshwater Generator Properties

In the modern era of the maritime world, the learning process related to ship machinery is essential and crucial for students to master. So many effective learning methods are used, one of which is the learning method using machining aids on ships. Therefore, making ship machining aids is an exciting thing to work on in this modern era. The type of teaching aid made by the author is a solenoid valve controlled by Arduino on a freshwater generator teaching aid. The method used is research and development, a process or steps to develop a new product or improve an existing product, both hardware and software. The model in this development research is a procedural model, which outlines the manufacturing steps exposed sequentially and gradually from the beginning to the end. The solenoid valve control model by Arduino on the freshwater generator teaching aid utilizes two electronic modules: the Arduino Uno type module and the one-channel timer delay relay module. The two modules are programmed directly with the buttons on the module. The working system in this prop is that the heater is filled with water and then heated, and then the water vapor is flowed through the transfer pipe and condensed using a condensor and holding tank. This system can run because of the automation control system in the electronic module.

Economic And Mathematical Modeling of Planning and Management Activities of Enterprises: Past and Present

The article presents the theoretical and methodological results of modeling the economic activity of enterprises, obtained in the Laboratory of Methods and Mechanisms of Enterprise Management of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1963 to the present, and shows the meaningful logic of the development of scientific research data in their chronological sequence. Initially, research in the Laboratory began to be carried out in two directions: a) methodology for creating automated control systems in enterprises and industries; b) economic and mathematical modeling of production plans. Within the framework of the first direction, methodological materials were first developed that determine the composition of automated management systems for enterprises with a discrete nature of production. Within the second, the main one, economic and mathematical tools for making planning decisions by enterprises were developed based on complexes of multi-level models, where special attention is paid to the vertical and horizontal coordination of planning decisions using systems of economic and mathematical models. Work related to economic and mathematical modeling of planned activities at different levels of management in an enterprise continues to the present day. In the last decade, the range of research of the Laboratory has expanded, and new, urgent tasks of rationalizing the activities of domestic enterprises have been added to the traditional areas. In particular, the tasks of structural transformation of vertically connected industries; mechanisms for establishing productive inter-company cooperation ties; ways to rationalize enterprise management in the context of digital transformation; measures to activate the human capital of enterprises. The presented results allow us to assert that the Laboratory remains among the active developers of economic and mathematical models for managing domestic production enterprises.

Economic And Mathematical Modeling of Planning and Management Activities of Enterprises: Past and Present

The article presents the theoretical and methodological results of modeling the economic activity of enterprises, obtained in the Laboratory of Methods and Mechanisms of Enterprise Management of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1963 to the present, and shows the meaningful logic of the development of scientific research data in their chronological sequence. Initially, research in the Laboratory began to be carried out in two directions: a) methodology for creating automated control systems in enterprises and industries; b) economic and mathematical modeling of production plans. Within the framework of the first direction, methodological materials were first developed that determine the composition of automated management systems for enterprises with a discrete nature of production. Within the second, the main one, economic and mathematical tools for making planning decisions by enterprises were developed based on complexes of multi-level models, where special attention is paid to the vertical and horizontal coordination of planning decisions using systems of economic and mathematical models. Work related to economic and mathematical modeling of planned activities at different levels of management in an enterprise continues to the present day. In the last decade, the range of research of the Laboratory has expanded, and new, urgent tasks of rationalizing the activities of domestic enterprises have been added to the traditional areas. In particular, the tasks of structural transformation of vertically connected industries; mechanisms for establishing productive inter-company cooperation ties; ways to rationalize enterprise management in the context of digital transformation; measures to activate the human capital of enterprises. The presented results allow us to assert that the Laboratory remains among the active developers of economic and mathematical models for managing domestic production enterprises.

Glare-based control strategy for Venetian blinds in a mixed-use conference space with fully glazed facades

Smart buildings are equipped with automated control systems that provide a comfortable indoor environment, aiming simultaneously at energy savings. Control systems for shading devices applied in practice are mostly driven by a rule-based approach, that is usually tested under simplified conditions and hence its effectiveness in complex real-life cases is questionable. The present study develops an optimized glare-based control strategy for Venetian blinds in a real-life open-space building with totally transparent facades. The research is based on the case study of the Co-Creation Center at the TU Delft campus, which can host three different types of events: presentations, meetings and workshops. The control strategy is developed within Grasshopper, a tool for parametric and optimization problems. Radial Basis Function Optimization (RBFOpt) is utilized for the computation of the optimal blinds’ states. Within the developed control strategy, cylindrical illuminance (Ecyl) is used as a glare index, giving the opportunity to evaluate its performance. Results show that the optimized algorithm can improve the existing visual conditions in the building by an average of 80% for all activity types, although it leads to an average increase of 7% of the time when electric lighting is needed, in comparison to the current rule-based control. Finally, Ecyl displayed an overall agreement of 92.5% with DGP-based glare assessments, proving that in spaces with multiple windows and uncertain occupants’ view direction, a view-independent index can predict glare risks as well as a state-of-the-art view-dependent metric.