Automation Of Production Processes Research Articles

Metoda detekcji wad spawalniczych w stanowisku zrobotyzowanym z wykorzystaniem głębokiej sieci neuronowej

Modern automation and robotization of production processes requires new and fast methods of product quality control. In the case of arc welding in robotic systems, where the production process takes place in large series, it is important to quickly control the correctness of the weld. Based on visual data, the system should be able to automatically determine whether a given weld meets the basic quality requirements, and thus be able to stop the process in the event of identified defects. The article presents the results of research on the creation of a visual method for assessing the correctness of the weld seam based on the deep neural network classifying, locating and segmenting welding defects. The proposed detection method was extended by using a combination of a vision system camera with a six-axis industrial robot in order to enable detection of a larger number of welding defects and positioning in a six-dimensional workspace. The research results presented in this article were obtained during the implementation of the project entitled „Development of a method based on the use of deep neural networks for visual inspection of welded joints in the course of R&D works” implemented at the company ZAP-Robotyka Sp. z o.o. in Ostrów Wielkopolski.

AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR STONE CRUSHING PLANT

The issues of automation of production processes are currently not losing their relevance. Many existing devices and systems operate in manual or semi-automatic mode, which leads to known problems. The methods of connecting system elements and the choice of protocols for transmitting signals between them are quite well-established, however, due to the emergence of new devices and communication channels with improved characteristics, the issues of choosing methods and algorithms for the operation of such systems require modification. As a criterion for the quality of the constructed system, an assessment of the reliability of the system is used, provided that the specified time constraints on the performance of the main tasks are met. The elements of novelty of the presented solution are the use of domestically produced equipment at all stages of the system operation, as well as some solutions for the choice of communication channels and signal transmission protocols. Note that the main elements of novelty relate to the software implementation of the system, the description of which is beyond the scope of this article and is planned to be published in a separate work.
 Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop the structure of an automated control system for a stone crushing plant.
 Methodology. The work uses the methods of systems analysis, the theory of signal transmission and the theory of algorithms.
 Results. The use of the presented solution made it possible to implement a simpler and more efficient hardware and software model of the control system, which will reduce the number of failures of various subsystems of the stone crushing plant. In addition, some new features have been introduced, such as the ability to remotely control and receiving data to accounting software.
 Practical implications. The obtained results are advisable to be applied by production entities carrying out activities, one of the elements of which is the use of crushing plants and complexes.

Influence of the coronavirus epidemic on the development of Russian steel industry

The coronavirus infection pandemic, which began in 2020, became a serious challenge for the world economics. The steel sector as an important part of the modern industry, to the full extent suffered from all the problems and restrictions, resulted from COVID-19 virus spreading. The epidemic made the production and economic activity of Russian Federation steel industry enterprises significantly complicated: the current cost increased, the operation cost also increased. Besides, implementation of investment programs and organization of technical maintenance of import facilities became more complicated, since foreign specialists could not come quickly at the site and start working. Particular problems in the production area were related to the team organization of the process: as soon as a member of a team got ill by coronavirus, the whole team had to be suspended and directed to two-weeks quarantine. However, despite the significant problems, the actual situation in the domestic steel industry by results of 2020 turned out to be somewhat better than in other industries of Russia and in the world. This effect was contributed by existence of developed corporate culture of metallurgical companies, as well as beforehand digital transformation of business-processes and the transfer to application of the newest information and communication technologies. Besides, in steel industry there is a perspective of developing by-product production of means of individual protection, medical gases etc. New directions of business activity can be qualified as social responsibility of the business, contributing to the growth of a company reputation capital. Besides, it gives a chance to preserve a part of jobsites, released as a result of digitalization and automation of production processes.

Extraction of dimension requirements from engineering drawings for supporting quality control in production processes

Engineering drawings accompany a workpiece throughout its production process and include information about the dimensions and tolerances as well as the associated regulatory standards. Even though the construction and manufacturing process of a workpiece can be almost entirely performed automatically, the design and use of engineering drawings is still not fully integrated in the automated production process. This work provides DigiEDraw, a conceptual approach as well as a prototype to extract dimensioning information from engineering drawings and to integrate this information into the production process to facilitate and optimize quality control. The extraction process is based on 2D clustering. The challenge is to determine the parameters to distinguish clusters representing different dimensioning information. The approach uses DBSCAN, achieving a recall value of over 88%. The applicability of DigiEDraw is demonstrated based on a real-world manufacturing process.

Design and Application of Intelligent Diagnosis System for three Pumping Stations of Stamping Automation

This paper focuses on the maintenance of automotive stamping automation equipment. Through long-term self-study and accumulated experience, we independently developed a process monitoring system based on the three pumping stations of clutch, tension pad and lubrication in the stamping automation production line, which is used for real-time monitoring and diagnosis in the automatic production process without stopping the machine, and for the detection of oil temperature change, high-pressure pipeline leakage and oil return pipe In this paper, the improved case has strong practicability, low development cost, and has been recognized by peers in terms of cost efficiency improvement, which is easy to be popularized.

Features of Structural Investment and Innovative Industrial Policy in the Regions of the North and the Arctic and Assessment of Prospects for Technological Modernization of Industrial Production

To further increase the contribution of extractive industries to the gross regional product of the Northern and Arctic regions, it is necessary to increase their efficiency through technological modernization and automation of production processes. It is shown that the structural investment and innovative industrial policy in the North should be aimed at supporting the introduction of technological innovations by enterprises, primarily in the field of more complete and integrated use of natural resources. To assess the economic feasibility of technological modernization of industrial enterprises, it is proposed to use the methodology of investment and innovation analysis, which includes three stages of management decision-making. At the first stage, preliminary goals are set to achieve the necessary level of innovative and technological development of enterprises. At the second stage, a decision is made either to further improve the existing production technology or to switch to a new technology. At the third stage, various possible options for technological renewal of production are considered and the best option is determined with its subsequent implementation in the form of an investment project.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT MECHANISM OF THE ENTERPRISE

Quality management of logistics activities directly depends on a number of external factors, namely: the level of information infrastructure, the presence or absence of modern logistics information systems, the level of technical and technological support of the production process, the level of automation and mechanization of production processes. fuel, terms of supply, presence or absence of qualified logistics specialists, state of logistics infrastructure, level of development of national and regional institutional infrastructure, level of transport and road infrastructure, presence or absence of automated and mechanized transport equipment, level of national and regional market infrastructure, state of banking system of Ukraine, the number of logistics companies in the logistics market of Ukraine, the level of competitiveness of products and logistics services, the level of material base of the enterprise, etc. The most significant factors of external influence on the quality management of logistics activities of the enterprise are identified, among which are the following: political and legal factors and geo-market or physical factors. During 2019, due to the spread of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, countries began to close their borders and shut down businesses, as well as restrict transportation both internationally and interregionally. This has led to a significant reduction in the level of road haulage in 2020 compared to the previous year. The volume of freight traffic in 2020 to 2019 decreased from 190041.19 thousand tons to 151920.35 thousand tons and accounted for 20%.

MEACS-2020

International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Automation and Control Systems 2020 (MEACS-2020) was successfully held on September 17, 2020. Initially, the conference was planned to be held in March, as part of the exhibition of equipment for metalworking and welding “MashExpo Siberia 2020” in Novosibirsk. However, due to the lockdown and all the restrictions associated with the coronavirus pandemic, MEACS-2020 was postponed until autumn. The conference was hosted by Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russia). Today, Novosibirsk is one of the largest scientific centers in Russia and in the Commonwealth of Independent States.MEACS-2020 provided an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss up-to-date developments and innovations in the fields of mechanical engineering, automation of production processes, materials science, and industrial engineering. The participants presented papers on the issues of technological machines and equipment, mechanics and mechatronics, materials science in mechanical engineering, manufacturing process management, automation and optimization of production engineering.After careful reviewing, the most significant and valuable papers were accepted for publication. The volume consists of 79 relevant manuscripts. They present a wide range of technical solutions for automated mechanical engineering, and prospects for using information technologies and modeling methods in engineering.We would like to express gratitude to the Organizing Committee for hosting MEACS-2020, despite the unfavourable epidemiological situation. We would also like to thank all the participants and the editors for their valuable contribution in preparing the MEACS-2020 proceedings. We hope that readers would find this volume relevant and useful. On behalf of the editors, Vadim Skiba, Nikita Martyushev List of Programme Committee and Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Computer-aided manufacturing: Industry 4.0

The modernization of the Russian economy and its transition to an innovative development path are inextricably linked with the renewal of production and its material and technical base. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the economic potential of highly developed countries through scientific, technological and technological innovations, with the State playing an active role. There is a trend towards a digital industry based on the so-called Industry 4.0. This leads to massive implementations of cyber physical systems in production, to the automation of most production processes, the endowment of devices with artificial intelligence and the introduction of many other modern technologies. All this has a significant impact on increasing productivity and reducing the cost of production.

Automated synthesis of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/ -7.3: results, quality control and experience from more than 200 routine productions

IntroductionThe radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted ligand [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7 has previously been clinically assessed and demonstrated promising results for PET-imaging of prostate cancer. The ligand is present as a mixture of four stereoisomers ([18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.1, − 7.2, − 7.3 and − 7.4) and after a preclinical isomer selection process, [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3 has entered formal clinical trials. Here we report on the establishment of a fully automated production process for large-scale production of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/ -7.3 under GMP conditions (EudraLex).Methods[18F]Fluoride in highly enriched [18O]H2O was retained on a strong anion exchange cartridge, rinsed with anhydrous acetonitrile and subsequently eluted with a solution of [K+ ⊂ 2.2.2]OH− in anhydrous acetonitrile into a reactor containing Ga-rhPSMA ligand and oxalic acid in DMSO. 18F-for-19F isotopic exchange at the Silicon-Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) was performed at room temperature, followed by dilution with buffer and cartridge-based purification. Optimum process parameters were determined on the laboratory scale and thereafter implemented into an automated synthesis. Data for radiochemical yield (RCY), purity and quality control were analyzed for 243 clinical productions (160 for [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7; 83 for [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3).ResultsThe automated production of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7 and the single isomer [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3 is completed in approx. 16 min with an average RCY of 49.2 ± 8.6% and an excellent reliability of 98.8%. Based on the different starting activities (range: 31–130 GBq, 89 ± 14 GBq) an average molar activity of 291 ± 62 GBq/μmol (range: 50–450 GBq/μmol) was reached for labeling of 150 nmol (231 μg) precursor. Radiochemical purity, as measured by radio-high performance liquid chromatography and radio-thin layer chromatography, was 99.9 ± 0.2% and 97.8 ± 1.0%, respectively.ConclusionThis investigation demonstrates that 18F-for-19F isotopic exchange is well suited for the fast, efficient and reliable automated routine production of 18F-labeled PSMA-targeted ligands. Due to its simplicity, speed and robustness the development of further SiFA-based radiopharmaceuticals is highly promising and can be of far-reaching importance for future theranostic concepts.

Совершенствование цифровых технологий формирования мелиоративного режима агроэкосистем

The relevance of research is due to the increasing role of digital technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands in ensuring sustainable growth of agricultural production efficiency. The object of research is precision (precise) management of agricultural production. The subject is advanced technologies for the rapid formation and regulation of the reclamation regime of agroecosystems that meet the requirements of sustainable development of the crop production system of the domestic agro-industrial complex. The purpose of this work is to improve methodological and technological approaches to digitalization of technologies for managing the reclamation regime of the agroecosystem. the Scientific novelty of the work is to substantiate the functional orientation and list of priority tasks solved by the created digital systems, which required studying the specifics of applied technologies for managing agricultural production; determining the effective direction of improving automated management. The research was based on the analysis of normative-methodological and legal documents, literary sources, as well as personal developments of the author on the subject under consideration. Methods of comparative and system analysis and expert assessments were used in the work. Factors of competitiveness of economic entities implementing support of management decisions by digital systems are identified. Uncovered causes that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of the digital control systems of agricultural production on reclaimed lands in the Russian agricultural sector Shows the priority approaches to the structure of control system of technological processes of agricultural production, emerging based on the integration of access to information for business processes of enterprise management. A list of priority tasks of automation of technological processes of reclamation agriculture has been developed. Priority requirements for improving digital technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems in terms of information, technology and software are formulated. The proposed transformation of approaches to the creation and use of automated production process control systems (APCS) and General approaches to enterprise management (APCS) meets the requirements of the «Internet of things (IOT)», one of the newest trends in the evolution of modern Internet technologies. The technological process of precision management of agricultural production based on digital systems Maxim built into the management procedures of the hydroreclamation system, rationalized, with significantly increased efficiency transforms the interaction of producers and consumers, bringing them flexibility, organizing the exchange of information via the Internet.

Production Process Automation for Construction of Monolithic Buildings and Structures

Article presents a scientific approach to creating a complex production process automation system for construction of monolithic buildings and structures (MBS). Specific features of systems with complex structure which present themselves in the way they function and by the interaction of local control systems within integrated system for production process automation were discovered. Justification is given to the structure of creation of local systems for automation of MBS construction processes and their functioning within interconnected complex control system. Model for optimal transportation of concrete mixture to the pouring site with sliding thermo-active formwork with hydraulic actuators is presented in the article. The model is integrated by parameters of physical and mechanical processes. Concept of production process automation for construction of MBS was outlined. The concept is implemented in accordance with specific operational and technological and IT support of integrated system for automated control. The greatest potential for increasing the rate of housing construction is possessed by the technology of monolithic housing construction. However, traditional methods of erecting monolithic structures are associated with increased labor intensity, a significant share of manual operations, and the lack of objective instrumental control of the quality of concrete work, which significantly affects the increase in the time and cost of construction. A radical solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of monolithic housing construction technology is possible only through the integrated use of automation, robotization and microprocessor technology. A method and means have been developed for automating the processes of feeding, distributing, laying and compacting concrete mixture, which make it possible to fundamentally change not only the nature of the work of construction workers, but also its organization, productivity, quality and intellectual saturation. The technical requirements for the automated structures of switchgears are formulated, based on taking into account the specific technological conditions for the production of concrete works. A criterion is proposed and a methodology for choosing the optimal kinematic structure of an automated switchgear for the production of concrete works is developed. The problem of determining the geometric characteristics (the length of the links, the angles of rotation of the joints), the distribution booms for the given constructive and technological conditions of concreting has been solved.

THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

In today's world, standardization plays an essential role in technical regulation - from research to the operation and disposal of products. The article's relevance is the need to introduce modern technology and automation of production processes and improve the quality of goods and safety of their use or consumption through the introduction of modern standardization policy in various sectors of the economy. Therefore, the use of standards in the production process and compliance with sanitary and technological standards is mandatory for the company to increase the productivity and competitiveness of both products and the company.

Вызовы и возможности организации дистанционной работы в нефтегазовых корпорациях в условиях «постковидной» экономики

The text examines the experience and aspects of organizing remote work of oil and gas corporations in the context of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the high volatility of global energy markets in 2020. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively consider the challenges and opportunities for organizing remote work of various groups of personnel of an oil and gas corporation within a crisis and corporations’ adaptation mechanisms. Research results. The article reveals the main preconditions for organizing remote work of administrative personnel of oil and gas companies during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, identifies general trends and main difficulties and challenges that have arisen in the course of adapting business processes to remote work. At the same time, it was noted that the main difficulty for oil and gas corporations is the organization of remote work of production personnel due to the unavailability of production and technological chains and infrastructure, where the adaptation potential is very limited. In this regard, the concept of a hybrid strategy for providing remote work opportunities for employees of oil and gas corporations is proposed. This hybrid strategy involves a combination of development and improvement of currently used remote working methods for administrative personnel with large-scale investments in digitalization and automation of production processes and in human capital. Conclusions. The concept of a hybrid strategy proposed by the authors is conformed with the global trends in the development of highly automated mining, transport and processing complexes in the fuel and energy complex, up to completely deserted automated production facilities, however, of course, the implementation of such strategies is associated with high costs and forms a number of new risks, which will require synchronization with the overall strategy human resource management at the corporate level, as well as with public policy measures in the process of transition to «Industry 4.0».

Modelling and controlling the process of cutting with complex-geometry tools to improve efficiency of mining machines and plants

Constant quality improvement through automation of production processes is an important prerequisite for increased viability of mining machines and plants. Factors that limit the automation of the cutting machining operations include the problem of controlling the chip formation and chip crushing. Solution of this problem necessitates theoretical description of the material cutting conditions for tools with curvilinear surfaces. The paper describes basic principles of modeling the cutting process using complex-geometry tools with curvilinear rake. The theory is based on the concept of chip formation as a process of inhomogeneous strain in the plastic zone where the chip originates. Based on the analysis of the stress-strain state in the cutting zone, criterial relationships were derived that correlate the geometric parameters of the chip shape and machining conditions of the curvilinear-rake tool. Prerequisites for chip breaking are stability of the chip shape during cutting, stable chip-to-obstacle contact, high chip stiffness and low flexibility. The machining conditions leading to chip fragmentation could be found by solving the strength problem. Through establishing the cause-and-effect relationships of the processes of chip formation, curling and breaking, new approaches to achieving favorable chip shape may be found by exerting deliberate impact on the plastic zone of the chip formation through optimizing the conditions for the chip flow off the tool. The established relationships between the output parameters of the cutting process and process conditions of cutting with a complex-geometry tool offer the way to control the chip flow parameters in various machining operations. The research is aimed at creating scientifically informed design codes and optimization of cutting parameters for tools with curvilinear chip-curling and chip-breaking rake surfaces.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫМ РЕЖИМОМ АГРОЭКОСИСТЕМ

The publication presents the results of research on the formation of theoretical and practical recommendations for agricultural producers, preparing requirements for development, implementing and operating automation systems for agricultural production in the reclamation sector of the economy. The object of research was the management systems of the reclamation regime of agroecosystems,the subject – the systems of automation of technological processes of agricultural production. As a methodological basis for conducting research, an information-analytical approach was chosen, including a systematic and comparative analysis, methods of expert and heuristic assessment of the results obtained. An analysis of the use of the opportunities, advantages and achievements of digitalization and automation of production processes in agrobusiness was carried out, which revealed a serious lag in the procedures and operations for introducing already developed digital technologies into production. The tasks of the effective formation of digitalization of agricultural production, focused on the priority use of digital competencies of all participants in the agribusiness process as a whole and each participant separately, have been formulated and solved. An algorithm of actions in the implementation of automation systems for reclaimed agroecosystems has been developed in a universal format, ensuring the success of their functioning. Measures have been developed for the introduction of automated technologies for managing agroecosystems, contributing to the efficiency of digitalization of agricultural production. These include: the choice of the site for the application of the APCS, the assessment of the need for resources for the successful functioning of innovations, the formation and implementation of measures for the construction and installation work, commissioning and trial operation of automation equipment, the creation of instructive and methodological support of production operation of automated technologies. Thus, in the current realities of the formation of digitalization of agro-production on ameliorated lands, the role of the formation of new knowledge and skills in managing production processes, forming a single system with the production of products, increases, which makes it possible to minimize the time for introducing significant research results into the practice of operating agricultural systems.

Sustainable Industrial Big Data, Automated Production Processes, and Smart Networked Factories in Cyber-Physical System-based Manufacturing

Sustainable Industrial Big Data, Automated Production Processes, and Smart Networked Factories in Cyber-Physical System-based Manufacturing

Fast development cycle for the design of industrial grippers

Recent trends, such as Supply Chain agility, just in time delivery, and mass customization of products, are pushing automated production processes in Industry 4.0 towards increasing flexibility. Although the entire set of devices is already on the market and can be selected according to the needs, the element that regularly has to be redesigned is the robotic end effector, mainly a gripper. Therefore, we established a Fast Development Cycle to accelerate the design and test process of new industrial grasping devices. The cycle consists of the three main steps: Build, Test, and Learn. The most fundamental aspect of the methodology is to decompose a gripper idea into its essential uncoupled constituents and convert it into a gripper pretotype that is solely oriented to validate its basic principles. This procedure ensures a quick initial building phase and allows to enter testing early. Test results are used to evaluate the initial idea, to enhance knowledge and to create the input for the next turn of the cycle. During each turn the design evolves further while reducing uncertainties. Contrary to traditional product development, this method enables to test the feasibility of a device in the earliest possible stage with the least possible amount of time and money. The single steps of the methodology are illustrated in this paper in detail based on real cases from industry. The successful development of industrial grippers from these real cases through the Fast Development Cycle demonstrates its applicability. Instead of optimizing complex systems, the methodology generates simple solutions with a high potential for cost savings in the design and production process of the devices themselves and during their operation in automated production processes in several industries. The methodology applies regardless of the underlying physical principles and encounters the use of TRLs as KPIs to measure technology maturity.

Sustainable Industrial Big Data, Automated Production Processes, and Cyber-Physical System-based Manufacturing in Smart Networked Factories

Sustainable Industrial Big Data, Automated Production Processes, and Cyber-Physical System-based Manufacturing in Smart Networked Factories

Innovative Course of Descriptive Geometry

The paper deals with the solution to the problems of insufficient preparation of applicants for the study of the Descriptive Geometry course offered to them in the university during their first year of education in such programs of study as Mechanical Engineering, Automation of Technological Production Processes, Mechatronics and Robotics, as well as Oil and Gas Engineering. The relevance, efficiency and advantages of an innovative course using AutoCAD and new teaching material for independent work of both Russian and foreign students were evaluated. Algorithms for the construction of 3D models of intersecting tangent surfaces and surfaces with a common inscribed sphere were developed to control individual tasks. The tasks of two-level complexity of constructing projections of parts with surfaces intersecting along curved lines and their 3D models with sections for monitoring the retained knowledge of students on the subject were developed and the effectiveness of their application was evaluated.