Behavior Of Autistic Children Research Articles

Strategies for Promoting Initiative Communication of Autistic Children in Kindergarten Inclusive Education

In kindergarten inclusive classes, the consciousness of initiative communication for most of the autistic children is weak, while initiative communication is precisely one of the indispensable conditions for autistic children to integrate into their classes. Minzhi Road Kindergarten of Suzhou has been devoted over years to the experimental research of pre-school inclusive education for autistic children, and has thus accumulated ample experimental experiences and case study materials. By adopting a variety of research methods including observation, interview, case study, etc., this study takes action research on several individuals previously and currently still enrolled in the kindergarten, and adjusts constantly the interventional programs of promoting initiative communication of autistic children. Eventually this study summarizes three strategies for promoting initiative communications amidst autistic children in kindergarten inclusive education: (1) Understanding the essence of “snatching” behaviors of autistic children and delivering communication skills; (2) Promoting initiative communication for autistic children through inspiration of internal needs to “participate”; (3) Fostering their communication confidence by way of building a performance platform for “advantages” of autistic children. This action research indicates that appropriate strategical interventions from teachers in inclusive classes can promote the initiative communication of autistic children and improve their relationships with peers. Suggestions about further study in the future are discussed in the end.

Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with regard to tooth brushing in autistic children

Background: Children demonstrating autistic spectrum disorders tend to be uncooperative when receiving dental treatment. Actions as simple as brushing the teeth with a prophylactic brush can constitute complex processes for children with such conditions. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) can train children in new positive behavior and it is, therefore, anticipated that an ABA-based approach iscapable of influencing the behavior of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ABA-based approach for autistic children during dental brushing procedures. Methods: The research constituted a quasiexperimental single subject investigation of children presenting autistic spectrum disorders who attended the Lembaga Pendidikan Autisma Prananda, Bandung. Potential changes in the behavior of subjects were monitored four times during treatment with a one-week interval between consultations. Those subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria consisted of 11 boys and 4 girls. The data analysis used in this study consisted of an ANOVA test and a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with a p–value < 0.005. Results: Changes in scores between the initial and final consultations were statistically significant with a p-value (0.269) <0.05. Statistically significant differences existed between changes in the behavior of level 1 and level 2 autistic subjects. Conclusion: An ABA-based approach effectively changes the behavior of autistic children with regard to prophylactic brushing. Children with level 1 autistic spectrum disorder demonstrate greater capacity to follow instructions and consistently implement a prophylactic brushing technique.

An Effect of Maternal Secondhand Smoke Exposure at Early Pregnancy on Autistic Behaviors at 5 Years of Age

<Background>Autism Spectrum Disorders is a syndrome with multiple causes and different mechanisms leading to abnormal development. Only a few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between maternal SHS exposure and autistic behaviors. We examined the effect of Secondhand Smoke exposure on the autistic behaviors in children at 5 years to identify the sensitive time window of exposure considering potential gender difference.<Method>A total of 1,751 pregnant women and children participated in the prospective birth cohort study, Mothers and Children’s Health study since 2006. Information concerning SHS exposure was obtained from the children’s parents or guardians by means of a self-administered questionnaire that included a set of standardized questions commonly used in previous studies. A total of 458 children at 5 years were assessed for behavior by using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The association between SHS exposure at each time window and autistic behaviors was examined using generalized linear model adjusted for maternal age at pregnancy, maternal educational level, household income, household income, residential area, parity and early blood lead.<Results>SHS exposure at early pregnancy was significantly associated risk of autistic behaviors in boys while it was not at postnatal periods: for SHS in early pregnancy, score of Total - SRS increased by 2.66(95% CI 0.06, 5.26) in boys, in which the interaction effect of gender was significant (p-interaction: 0.01). However, the SHS exposure at any time did not show a significant association with autistic behaviors in girls.<Conclusion>SHS exposure on children’s autistic behavior at 5 years showed a susceptible exposure time window of early fetal period in boys. SHS exposure did not show an association with autistic behaviors in girls.

Positive Effect on Behaviour of Autistic Children by Supplementation of New Complexed Cholecalciferol is Combined With Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation: A Pilot Study

Positive Effect on Behaviour of Autistic Children by Supplementation of New Complexed Cholecalciferol is Combined With Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation: A Pilot Study

Public Awareness On The Characteristics Of Children With Autism In Selangor

The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary view about public awareness towards the characteristics of children with autism in Selangor. For those who do not understand about autism spectrum, it may be difficult to distinguish between autistic behavior and misbehavior of typical children. Unfortunately, these children are always perceived as spoiled children by public. Parents of autistic children are seen as parents who cannot control their children, or parents who have children with disciplinary problems. Lack of awareness of autism spectrum is another hardship on families, especially those who have children with autism that show behavior of temper tantrum. 250 copies of structured questionnaires distributed randomly to residents within the Klang Valley. The findings indicated that most of the respondents are familiar with the term autism but they still do not understand in details the characteristics of children with autism. The outcome of this study is expected to increase public awareness about the characteristics of autistic children. It is expected that when more people know about the characters, attitudes and behaviors of autistic children, hopefully people will be more alert and feel sympathy to these children and are willing to help them and their families with full sincerity.

Associations of prenatal and early childhood mercury exposure with autistic behaviors at 5 years of age: The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study

BackgroundAlthough mercury is an established neurotoxin, only few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between prenatal and early childhood mercury exposure and autistic behaviors. MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study using an ongoing prospective birth cohort initiated in 2006, wherein blood mercury levels were measured at early and late pregnancy; in cord blood; and at 2 and 3years of age. We analyzed 458 mother-child pairs. Autistic behaviors were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at 5years of age. Both continuous SRS T-scores and T-scores dichotomized by a score of ≥60 or <60 were used as outcomes. ResultsThe geometric mean of mercury concentrations in cord blood was 5.52μg/L. In adjusted models, a doubling of blood mercury levels at late pregnancy (β=1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 3.29), in cord blood (β=2.24, 95% CI: 0.22, 4.27), and at 2years (β=2.12, 95% CI: 0.54, 3.70) and 3years (β=2.80, 95% CI: 0.89, 4.72) of age was positively associated with the SRS T-scores. When the SRS T-scores were dichotomized, we observed positive associations with mercury levels at late pregnancy (relative risk [RR]=1.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.60) and in cord blood (RR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.63). ConclusionWe found that blood mercury levels at late pregnancy and early childhood were associated with more autistic behaviors in children at 5years of age. Further study on the long-term effects of mercury exposure is recommended.

A Study on the Relationship Between Parents Education with Family Support and Autistic Children's Behavior

The objective of the research is to explore the relationship between family cohesion, adaptability with parenting locus of control and the behavior problems of children with autism. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 420 parents of autistic children from all over the country used PLOC ( parenting locus of control scale) and FACES II-CV(Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales, Second Edition ） and Conners questionnaire of child behavior. The data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 and AMOS17.0 statistical software. The research shows that parenting locus of control can directly affect the behavior of autistic children. The degree of intimacy and adaptability can influence children's behavior through the mediating variables of parenting locus of control.

Effect of multi-dimensional training program, using a combination method of TICH and ABA, on improve autistic children's behavior

IntroductionAutistic children could not organize their social life direction and understanding and interpreting other sensation and only achieve so many information by looking others and instinct for creating the best space for achieving success.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-dimensional training program, using a combination of TICH and ABA on improving the behavior of autistic children in the city of Karaj.MethodThe population in this study was all autistic students in a boys exceptional children school in city of Karaj. All participants (n = 16) were randomly assigned in two groups, experimental group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8). This research was carried out experimentally, and multi-dimensional training program was carried out on experimental group in the context of 12 training session for 2 months and two-hour sessions per week. During this time, the control group did not receive any training. In order to collect data the Autism Diagnostic Inventory that was proven its validity and reliability has been used.The collected data were analyzed with co-variance method.ResultThe results showed that the multi-dimensional training program had significant influence on social and verbal communication skills and the reduction of stereotyped behaviors in autistic children.ConclusionTherefore, we can plan a multi-dimensional approach as a comprehensive training program for this group of children and used it weekly as an independent course in autistic children academic schedule.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Repetitive behavior among autistic children 3–10 years old and a control group in Albania

IntroductionAutism is a lifelong disability that impairs 3 main areas; communication skills, social interaction and behavioral patterns.ObjectivesTo investigate the repetitive behavior in autistic children 3–10 years old.AimsComparison of repetitive behavior between autistic children with a control group of clinically healthy children matched for age and sex.MethodsRepetitive Behavior Scale (RBS-R) questionnaire was translated, validated and provided to examine children (n = 70) in each group.ResultsChildren with autism show significant behavioral problems as compared to healthy children in all subscales and the full RBS-R. Results of the t-test for independent samples indicated a significant difference in mean score for the children with autism of age 3–6 year old (M = 53.1) and for control group (M = 11.9), t = −13.3, P &lt; 0.01. Also, the mean score of children with autism of age 7–10 year old (M = 54.9) is significantly higher, compared to control group (M = 13.7), t = −12.2, P &lt; 0.01.ConclusionThis comparison provides information on particular forms of repetitive behavior to further our understanding on these important symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Investigating the parent-child interactive behavior of autistic children by using composite light-emitting or reflective toys

Abstract A toy is a valuable medium for promoting parent-child interaction. This study selected six light-emitting or reflective materials to produce composite toy balls, and conducted tests on 15 families with preschool-aged high-functioning autistic children. Quantification method I analysis was employed in the study, and the experimental results indicated that (a) the metal ball (reflective and dynamic light) was the representative sample that elicited many smiles or laughs and much finger pointing as well as high levels of pleasure and activeness.; (b) the mitball (static light) was the representative sample that provoked much eye contact, produced satisfactory reactions to activities,; (c) the quality of fluorescence enhanced the levels of pleasure and the reactions to the activity. We propose that dynamic and reflective materials can be adopted to divert the attention of children, and fluorescent toys can then employed to sustain parent-child interaction.

Is My Son Autistic?

Is My Son Autistic?

The Effect of Physical Activity Through a Sensory Integration Exercise on Psychological Function and Communication Behaviors in Autistic Children

The Effect of Physical Activity Through a Sensory Integration Exercise on Psychological Function and Communication Behaviors in Autistic Children

Validation en arabe de l’Échelle d’Évaluation des Comportements Autistiques, version Révisée (ECA-R)

The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation is a rating scale specifically related to the assessment of autistic behaviors in children and young teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder, such as communication, social interaction and interests. It also facilitates progressive recording of the evolution of children with ASD involved in short-term therapeutical studies. In the absence of standardized tools to assess autistic behaviors and effects of therapeutics in Lebanon, the BSE-R validation is an urgent need. The purpose of this study is to validate the BSE-R to the Lebanese population. MethodSpecialized translators and clinicians ensured forward and backward translation of the scale into Arabic. The participants consisted of 100 children with ASD, diagnosed upon DSMIV-TR criterion (age range: 35 to 153 months, DS: 28.0). Fifty-eight had intellectual disability (ID). Scores of autism severity as measured by CARS1 (Schopler et al., 1980) varied from 20–58.5. Trained raters on recorded individual and group situations performed BSE-R ratings. ResultsBSE-R for Lebanese was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability. The internal validity highlighted a main factor which describes the severity of core autistic behaviors related to social interactions and communication, and behavioral specificities and particular interests with an internal consistency of 0.91 in a one-to-one setting and 0.92 in group settings. External validity of the scale as measured by correlations with CARS and the age of the children showed that this main factor is essentially determined by ASD severity, not by the severity of ID. It was named “relational deficiency” according to the initial paper of Barthélémy et al. (1997). ConclusionBSE-R in Arabic is a practical tool, useful to all team members working with ASD children in Lebanon and the Arab countries. It will also allow future research based on reliable tools at an international level.

Sensorimotor Difficulties Are Associated with the Severity of Autism Spectrum Conditions.

Present diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) include social communication and interaction difficulties, repetitive behavior and movement, and atypical sensory responsivity. Few studies have explored the influence of motor coordination and sensory responsivity on severity of ASC symptoms. In the current study, we explore whether sensory responsivity and motor coordination differences can account for the severity of autistic behaviors in children with ASC. Thirty-six children participated: 18 (13 male, 5 female) with ASC (ages 7–16: mean age = 9.93 years) and 18 (7 male, 11 female) typically developing (TD) children (ages 6–12; mean age = 9.16 years). Both groups completed a battery of assessments that included motor coordination, sensory responsivity, receptive language, non-verbal reasoning and social communication measures. Children with ASC also completed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R). Results showed that children with ASC scored significantly lower on receptive language, coordination, sensory responsivity and a sensorimotor subscale, Modulation of Activity (MoA) compared to the TD group. In the ASC group, MoA significantly predicted ASC severity across all ASC measures; receptive language and sensory responsivity significantly predicted parental reported autism measures; and coordination significantly predicted examiner observed reported scores. Additionally, specific associations were found between the somatosensory perceptive modalities and ASC severity. The results show that sensorimotor skills are associated with severity of ASC symptoms; furthering the need to research sensorimotor integration in ASC and also implying that diagnosis of ASC should also include the assessment of both coordination deficit and atypical sensory responsivity.

Séisme, grossesse et devenir d’une dyade haïtienne mère–enfant autiste et épileptique

ObjectiveIn a prospective study on the degree of association between prenatal maternal exposure to a devastating earthquake and the development of autistic behaviors in children three years after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the singular evolution of a one of the dyads encountered drew our attention for in-depth qualitative analysis. MethodThe work was conducted in three steps. (1) Evaluation (August and December 2013) of 364 mother–child dyads in the west and south regions of Haiti devastated by the disaster, using the PTSD-specific Checklist and the Evaluation Scale for Autistic Behaviors; (2) a second evaluation of a small group of children identified those at risk for autistic characteristics; (3) selection of one dyad from the epicenter, Léogâne, and administration of a semi-structured interview with the family, while the child was observed in her natural environment for completion of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). ResultsData obtained from the CARS corresponded to a diagnosis of severe autistic disorder. In addition, this autistic profile was accompanied by recurrent seizures, which began in the neonatal period. DiscussionGenetic links have been established between epilepsy and autism, however the possible transmission of traumatic experiences from mother to offspring during gestation should not be neglected. ConclusionDespite the poor prognosis reported for the outcome of autistic and epileptic patients, the hypothesis of a positive evolution for this girl appears plausible by providing medical, psychosocial and educational care, with a focus on the effects of parental transmission of trauma.

Longitudinal assessment of autistic behaviors in children with Sanfilippo syndromes: Types A and B

Longitudinal assessment of autistic behaviors in children with Sanfilippo syndromes: Types A and B

Effectiveness of Applying Behavior Therapy`s Techniques in Stereotypical Behaviors, of Autistic Children

Aim of this present research is determine of effectiveness of applying behavior therapy`s techniques in stereotypical behaviors of Autistic children. This research is a semi trial project without having an evidence group. Statistical society of the present research includes all the autistic students of special autistic children's school in Tehran in 2012-2013. From autistic children schools of Tehran 16 children 7-14 years old were selected as sample and placed in a group consisted of 16 persons. The sample group participated in treatment meetings in two months (two 60 minute sessions in a week). Findings of research, making use of the correlated examination showed that implementation of behavior treatment techniques reduce stereotype behaviors in children.

Acquired Autistic Behaviors in Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA

To assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) using a standard measure, understand the behavioral evolution of the disease, and provide specific guidelines for diagnosis. Children (n = 21) with documented enzyme deficiency and SGSH gene mutations, cognitive age-equivalent >12 months, and early onset were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) (module 1) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition. ADOS Social Affect and Restricted Repetitive Behavior total scores, as well as Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition cognitive age-equivalent scores, are reported using descriptive statistics and graphic presentations. Thirteen of the 21 children evaluated met the ADOS criteria for ASD/autism. ADOS score was strongly associated with age; all 11 children aged >46 months met the criteria, compared with only 2 of 10 aged <46 months. Social and affective abnormalities were most frequent; restricted interests and repetitive behaviors were largely absent. Lack of cognitive growth paralleled ADOS score. An increased incidence of ASD-like social behaviors was seen at age 3-4 years in children with early-onset MPS IIIA. Although more frequent in the severely impaired children, ASD-like behaviors were observed across the entire range of cognitive impairment. Clinicians must be aware that when a child acquires ASD-like behaviors, MPS IIIA should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Interactive Stroller for Increasing Focus Time and Participation in Learning Al Quran for Autistic Children

Autistic children with hyperactive behavior are usually denied when it comes to teaching of Al Quran or academic skills due to their inability to focus and participate in learning. They exhibit minimal time of attention while learning as they enjoy running around and engaging in other activities that stimulates them. This study was carried out in order to identify an environment that accommodates learning and hyperactive behavior of autistic children. The learning of Al Quran was taught in two different environments. The first environment was the school center where the students sits on the floor and the second environment was in a stroller. A driving car was also used as an alternative. The result of this study indicated that the level of participation in a stroller and car increased and it was more effective for gaining the childs participation compared to the sitting in the class.

Acquired autistic behaviors in children with MPS IIIA

Acquired autistic behaviors in children with MPS IIIA