Abstract
Present diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) include social communication and interaction difficulties, repetitive behavior and movement, and atypical sensory responsivity. Few studies have explored the influence of motor coordination and sensory responsivity on severity of ASC symptoms. In the current study, we explore whether sensory responsivity and motor coordination differences can account for the severity of autistic behaviors in children with ASC. Thirty-six children participated: 18 (13 male, 5 female) with ASC (ages 7–16: mean age = 9.93 years) and 18 (7 male, 11 female) typically developing (TD) children (ages 6–12; mean age = 9.16 years). Both groups completed a battery of assessments that included motor coordination, sensory responsivity, receptive language, non-verbal reasoning and social communication measures. Children with ASC also completed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R). Results showed that children with ASC scored significantly lower on receptive language, coordination, sensory responsivity and a sensorimotor subscale, Modulation of Activity (MoA) compared to the TD group. In the ASC group, MoA significantly predicted ASC severity across all ASC measures; receptive language and sensory responsivity significantly predicted parental reported autism measures; and coordination significantly predicted examiner observed reported scores. Additionally, specific associations were found between the somatosensory perceptive modalities and ASC severity. The results show that sensorimotor skills are associated with severity of ASC symptoms; furthering the need to research sensorimotor integration in ASC and also implying that diagnosis of ASC should also include the assessment of both coordination deficit and atypical sensory responsivity.
Highlights
Social communication is pivotal to both a child’s development and integration into society
autism spectrum conditions (ASC) diagnosis was confirmed by the research team using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule General—2nd Edition (ADOS-2; Rutter et al, 2012) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R; Rutter et al, 2005), administered by a research reliable rater
The current study investigated whether children with ASC show significant difficulties in sensory responsivity and motor coordination compared to children without ASC, and whether these difficulties were significantly associated with ASC symptom severity
Summary
Social communication is pivotal to both a child’s development and integration into society Those with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) do not find it easy to communicate, interact and socialize with others: often finding it difficult to infer, intonate and interpret others’ behaviors. For this reason, current diagnostic criteria for ASC (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) incorporate difficulties in social communication and interaction, Sensorimotor Difficulties and Autism Severity as well as sensory responsivity and motor movements. This study simultaneously investigates whether sensory and motor differences predict the social communication and interaction difficulties seen in autism
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