Authors Of Scientific Articles Research Articles

EKSPRESI BAHASA EVALUATIF PADA ARTIKEL ILMIAH BERBAHASA INDONESIA

Authors of scientific articles are faced with two opposing demands: objectivity and critical evaluation when expressing reality and truth. To date, no evaluative language mapping has been performed on Indonesian scientific articles which can accurately describe an article’s degree of objectivity so that it can be used as a tool for objectivizing and negotiating truth. Using the appraisal framework, this research aims to identify and examine these two opposing orientations as they appear in Indonesian scientific articles. The qualitative approach was applied to perform in-depth analysis of interpersonal functions in scientific articles. Data in the form of Indonesian scientific articles were obtained from top ten highest impact factor journals which are accredited and indexed by the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), representing ten different scientific disciplines. Results show that the authors could not completely avoid subjectivity. However, objectivity was clearly sought through five strategies: passivation, verbalization, prioritization of verbs before explicit expressions of affect, nominalization, and prioritization of nouns before explicit expressions of affect. Using the appraisal framework, the modality theory in Indonesian (Alwi 1992), and the lexical semantic theory (Cruse 1986) as bases for data analysis, this research offers a taxonomic evaluative language map of Indonesian scientific articles. This research used the appraisal framework (Martin and White, 2005), especially the attitude and graduation system, to define boundaries while combining objective and evaluative- critical language in three parameters: (1) distance between the personal evaluation source and the evaluative item; (2) the prominence of agentivity and a person’s involvement in the actualization of events; and (3) the root meaning of evaluative lexemes.

CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS USAGE FOR RASTER IMAGE PROCESSING IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

An overview of Russian and foreign literature sources on the use of computer vision technologies and convolutional artificial neural networks in technological operations of visual control is presented. Methods and algorithms review of computer vision and artificial neural network models used by the authors of scientific articles, methods of preprocessing and expanding the initial data set for models training under consideration and verifying the correctness of machine vision algorithms is carried out. Possible approaches for automating the assessment of visual quality control in various fields of industry are highlighted, research results, results of machine vision algorithms, neural network models, their accuracy and efficiency indicators are presented, as well as areas and possible scenarios for the application of the presented algorithmic solutions. Some results of machine vision algorithms, neural network models, their accuracy and efficiency indicators are presented.

The potential for graphical abstracts to enhance science communication.

Science communication, including formats such as podcasts, news interviews, or graphical abstracts, can contribute to the acceleration of translational research by improving knowledge transfer to patient, policymaker, and practitioner communities. In particular, graphical abstracts, which are optional for articles published in Translational Behavioral Medicine as well as many other journals, are created by authors of scientific articles or by editorial staff to visually present a study's design, findings, and implications, to improve comprehension among non-academic audiences. The use of graphical abstracts in scientific journals has increased in the past 10-15 years; however, most scientists are not trained in how to develop them, which presents a challenge for creating graphical abstracts that engage the public. In this article, the authors describe graphical abstracts and offer suggestions for their construction based on the extant literature. Specifically, graphical abstracts should use a solid background, employ an easily readable font, combine visuals with words, convey only the essential study design information and 1-3 "take-home" points, have a clear organizational structure, contain restrained and accessible use of color, use single-color icons, communicate ways to access the full-text article, and include the contact information for the lead author. Authors should obtain feedback on graphical abstract drafts prior to dissemination. There is emerging research on the benefits of graphical abstracts in terms of impact and engagement; however, it will be essential for future research to determine how to optimize the design of graphical abstracts, in order to engage patient, policymaker, and practitioner communities in improving behavioral health.

Zinātniskā raksta nobeiguma daļa: saturs, struktūra, valoda

The content and structure of the conclusion part of the scientific article and the linguistic means for writing this part of the text in the Latvian language of science are still uncharted topics, unlike the introductory part of the scientific text. The analysis of the conclusion part’s content of Latvian scientific articles shows that many authors lack understanding of creating a good conclusion for their papers in various fields of science. The present study aims to explore and describe the conclusion part of the scientific article, paying attention to its content and structure and providing recommendations for the final part of the article, following a specific scheme. Scientific articles in the Latvian language published after 2010 have been selected to achieve the aim. Their conclusions – a separate part of the text, a paragraph, or a couple of last sentences, which can be considered the final part of the article – have been examined. When reviewing the material to be analysed, content analysis was performed that let detect 1) the most common structure of the conclusion part – a text similar to the summary or numbered statements; 2) the most common shortcomings of the conclusion part of the scientific article – the conclusion is too short, formal, or too detailed, similar to the narration of the article’s content; high degree of generalization; the application of new aspects and problems that have not been mentioned in the body of text; use of citations. One of the options that authors could use to finalise their scientific article is to follow a five-step formula: 1. Restate your research topic in one sentence. 2. Restate the thesis in one sentence. 3. Summarise the main points in some sentences. 4. State the significance or results in a couple of sentences. 5. Conclude your thoughts by inviting readers to action or putting forward an idea that makes them think more about the topic. Authors of scientific articles should get acquainted with the advice of academic writing professionals on how to create the conclusion part of a scientific text. There are various tips for writing a good conclusion on university homepages and academic writing sites.

The development of communication research in Indonesia in 2001-2020

No systematic review and/or meta-analysis has attempted to map the macro and comprehensive landscape conditions, developments, and trends of communication research in Indonesia in the past few decades. Therefore, it is challenging to measure the progress that Indonesian communication scholars have achieved. This study analyzed 3108 articles distributed in reputable communication scientific publications in Indonesia, spanning two decades: January 2001 to March 2020. This study found many optimistic or skeptical justifications of Indonesian communication scholars about the development of communication epistemology in Indonesia. During the two decades, although there had been an increase in publications relying on quantitative approaches, it can be seen that the dominance of qualitative approaches was irreplaceable. The trend of increasing research using a quantitative approach was only a conversion from literature review articles widely published in the early 2000s. The Ministry of Communication and Information, Indonesia, in the second position, as the institution that contributes to the most authors of scientific articles after the Universitas Islam Bandung in the first place, and even surpassing Universitas Hasanuddin, Universitas Padjadjaran dan Universitas Diponegoro showing that the agency of state institutions is one of the active actors in communication knowledge production and reproduction in Indonesia. The increasing number of citations over the past two decades indicates that Indonesian scholars are experiencing enrichment of reference sources and interconnection with other scholars. However, based on keyword trends, Indonesian research’s deliberative and progressive vision has yet to appear dominant.

Record Linkage of Chinese Patent Inventors and Authors of Scientific Articles

We present an algorithm to find corresponding authors of patents and scientific articles. The authors are given as records in Scopus and the Chinese Patents Database. This issue is known as the record linkage problem, defined as finding and linking individual records from separate databases that refer to the same real-world entity. The presented solution is based on a record linkage framework combined with text feature extraction and machine learning techniques. The main challenges were low data quality, lack of common record identifiers, and a limited number of other attributes shared by both data sources. Matching based solely on an exact comparison of authors’ names does not solve the records linking problem because many Chinese authors share the same full name. Moreover, the English spelling of Chinese names is not standardized in the analyzed data. Three ideas on how to extend attribute sets and improve record linkage quality were proposed: (1) fuzzy matching of names, (2) comparison of abstracts of patents and articles, (3) comparison of scientists’ main research areas calculated using all metadata available. The presented solution was evaluated in terms of matching quality and complexity on ≈250,000 record pairs linked by human experts. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed strategies increase the quality of record linkage compared to typical solutions.

Know your audience: how language complexity affects impact in entrepreneurship science

This article addresses the importance of tailoring publications to expectations of the intended scientific sub-community it addresses. But what does this mean when writing an article and adopting community specific jargon? This article disentangles the effects of articles’ language complexity on their impact. In the domain of entrepreneurship science, we show that language uniqueness (in form of aligning jargon uniquely to one community) has a positive effect on article’s impact. An article’s novelty (in form of novel recombination of community jargon) has an inverted U-shape relationship with impact. We further show that the optimal level of novelty decreases with increasing uniqueness, yielding higher overall impact. These findings have implications not only for authors of scientific articles but also for their audience.

The impact of air transport availability on research collaboration: A case study of four universities.

This paper analyzes the impact of air transport connectivity and accessibility on scientific collaboration. Numerous studies demonstrated that the likelihood of collaboration declines with increase in distance between potential collaborators. These works commonly use simple measures of physical distance rather than actual flight capacity and frequency. Our study addresses this limitation by focusing on the relationship between flight availability and the number of scientific co-publications. Furthermore, we distinguish two components of flight availability: (1) direct and indirect air connections between airports; and (2) distance to the nearest airport from cities and towns where authors of scientific articles have their professional affiliations. Based on Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression, we provide evidence that greater flight availability is associated with more frequent scientific collaboration. More flight connections (connectivity) and proximity of airport (accessibility) increase the expected number of coauthored scientific papers. Moreover, direct flights and flights with one transfer are more valuable for intensifying scientific cooperation than travels involving more connecting flights. Further, analysis of four organizational sub-datasets—Arizona State University, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, and University of Michigan—shows that the relationship between airline transport availability and scientific collaboration is not uniform, but is associated with the research profile of an institution and the characteristics of the airport that serves this institution.

Культурные практики обучающихся как технология образования

<p>В статье раскрывается взаимосвязь понятий «культура» и «образование», определяется сущность культурологического подхода к обучению как творческому процессу. Основой формирования профессиональных компетентностей сегодня становятся знания, навыки и умения, а также творческий потенциал педагога и обучающегося. Их взаимодействие как процесс сотворчества способствует активному диалогу сторон в области культурных норм и субкультурных ценностей, а культурная самоидентификация раскрывает творческие способности субъектов образовательного процесса.</p><p>Обосновываются и описываются культурные практики обучающихся как современная технология образования. Базой исследования стал Московский финансово-промышленный университет «Синергия»: факультет управления, студенты второго курса менеджмента, дисциплины «Технологии деловых коммуникаций» и «Деловой имидж», занятия научного студенческого кружка. Отмечен критерий успеваемости, который выступил как объективный фактор качественных изменений. Студенты, включенные в процесс самопознания и саморазвития через культурные практики, становились призерами международных и всероссийских молодежных конкурсов, участниками международных и межвузовских научных конференций, авторами научных статей и докладов.</p>

Falkland Islands Toponymy through the Prism of Territorial Disputes

The toponymy of the Falkland Islands today needs a thorough investigation: at present, the authors of scientific articles and monographs devoted to certain aspects of the life of the region relate to the description of the geographical names of the islands in fits and starts, there is no single comprehensive toponymic dictionary of the archipelago, the web pages of the cities contain extremely limited information about the etymology of the names or have no such information at all. The long-standing territorial dispute between Argentina and Britain led to an armed conflict in 1982. Argentina tried to gain a foothold on the islands, which the UK had been controlling since 1833. In the 72-day war, Britain won. However, even after losing the war, Argentina did not give up claims to the islands. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation, development and modern functioning of the toponymy of the Falkland Islands through the prism of territorial disputes. The purpose of the article is to highlight the characteristic features of the formation of the regional toponymic corpus, to study the influence of historical events on the changes in the geographical nomenclature and to carry out a linguo-pragmatic analysis of the toponymic units identified. For the first time the article presents a historical-linguistic and etymological description of the geographical names of the islands and a quantitative estimation of English-speaking, Hispanic and French-speaking toponyms. The authors draw conclusions about the main nominative traditions in the Falkland Islands and provide numerous examples.

ВПЛИВ СЕМАНТИКИ КОМПОНЕНТІВ УМОДАЛЬНИХ ДІЄСЛІВНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЯХ З МОДАЛЬНІМИ ДІЄСЛОВАМИ «ПОВИННОСТІ» НА ЇХ ГРАМАТИЧНІ ТА СТАТИСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ (НА МАТЕРИАЛІ ТЕКСТІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ДИСКУРСА)

The article presents the study of Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. functioning in the scientific and technical discourse texts. The material of the research are three technical text corpora, which belong to engineering fields scientifically and technically unrelated to each other – “Electrical Engineering (Energy Supply and Power Management)”, “Automotive Industry” and “Chemical Engineering” – and compiled on the basis of scientific journals of the United States and Great Britain. This allows to obtain the results that are supposedly of a universal nature and can be applied practically to any field of scientific discourse. The goal is to consider: firstly, which semantic groups of verbs (in different grammatical forms) are attached to a particular modal verb, i.e. the following interrelationship is defined: the semantics of a modal verb – semantics and form of a main verb (the second constituent of the modal construction); secondly, to what extent this interdependence affects the usage frequency of the various semantic groups of the main verbs that make up certain MVCs. The results of the research have demonstrated that in Modal verb constructions of this type functioning in the scientific technical discourse texts the predicative meaning of modal verbs is determinant for the semantic features of main verbs connecting to them (modal verbs). The main verb semantics in its turn influences on their (main verbs) grammatical and statistical characteristics. The modal verb must has the highest frequency of use in scientific texts. It gives imperative which underlines the author’s stability of position and faultlessness of the obtained and presented results. Have to + Inf. MVC is much less frequent and it is a result of the modal component semantics of this construction. Modal verb constructions where the modal verb is be to + Inf. are used by the authors of scientific articles quite rarely, which can be also explained by semantic peculiarities of the verb be to + Inf. In Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. the passive voice is more preferable than active voice because in the scientific and technical discourse texts human activity does not manifest evidently since the authors should take second place and be present indirectly through their scientific achievements.

The Rhetorical Analysis of Criticism in Persian and English Linguistics Papers

Successful academic writing depends on being familiar with different rhetorical strategies .One of these strategies used by authors of scientific articles is the act of criticism, the criticism of the previous works or other members of their respective communities. Actually this helps writers to justify their own study and to create a gap. Therefore the socio-pragmatic variable of Academic Conflict (AC) has been investigated in different academic genres and disciplines. This study aims to examine this variable in linguistics papers in Persian and English. To this end a corpus of 60 papers, 30 in Persian and 30 in English, have been chosen randomly. First in the quantitative phase of the study, the direct and indirect AC variables that have been used for critical speech acts were compared by within and between languages and then in a qualitative examine, the discourse analysis of important features were examined to show the probable relations to the cultural contexts . The results showed that English writers used more criticism acts than Persian writers and both groups used direct AC more than indirect one. Although both groups of papers are written in different cultural contexts, the strategies used by authors seem familiar and have minute differences and this may show that the effect of discipline and the language of instruction are more than cultural contexts in rhetoric of criticism.

Climate Scientists Virtually Unanimous

The extent of the consensus among scientists on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) has the potential to influence public opinion and the attitude of political leaders and thus matters greatly to society. The history of science demonstrates that if we wish to judge the level of a scientific consensus and whether the consensus position is likely to be correct, the only reliable source is the peer-reviewed literature. During 2013 and 2014, only 4 of 69,406 authors of peer-reviewed articles on global warming, 0.0058% or 1 in 17,352, rejected AGW. Thus, the consensus on AGW among publishing scientists is above 99.99%, verging on unanimity. The U.S. House of Representatives holds 40 times as many global warming rejecters as are found among the authors of scientific articles. The peer-reviewed literature contains no convincing evidence against AGW.

Autoria e deontologia: mediação de princípios éticos e práticas de letramento na escrita acadêmica em um fórum virtual

Este artigo analisa a utilização de um fórum virtual como alternativa de interação entre professores, estudantes e bolsistas nas disciplinas Leitura e Produção de Textos Acadêmicos (LPTA) e Metodologia Científica, dos cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, respectivamente, da Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC. A questão investigada é: Como a interação no fórum virtual pode alavancar a aprendizagem da escrita de textos acadêmicos e promover a construção de uma consciência deontológica inerente a essa atividade? Os resultados mostraram que, no ambiente virtual, os alunos discutiram suas dificuldades relativas à escrita acadêmica e se descobriram autores de artigos científicos e projetos de pesquisa, evitando a apropriação indevida de ideias alheias e estabelecendo relações cooperativas e respeitosas para com as dificuldades de escrita do outro. Assim, o fórum se mostrou bastante útil à exploração dos conteúdos de ambas as disciplinas, enriquecendo a interação respeitosa, os letramentos e a autoconfiança dos alunos.

CO2 capture technologies: An overview with technology assessment based on patents and articles

Abstract This paper presents the contextualized overview of the CO 2 capture technology, with critical evaluation of state-of-art and technological development through patents applications and scientific articles. The scientific research and technological development and innovation of CO 2 capture is mapped, providing not only an overview, but also concrete basis to define and optimize research and development (R&D) perspectives. It relates the stage of scientific, technologic and innovation development relate to the actions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to ensure the reduction of the global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. The yearly monitoring of actions is presented, focusing on scientific, technologic and innovation from governments and companies acting within various countries in an attempt to mitigate the effects of global climate change. The mapping of the capture technologies was focused on absorption, adsorption, membranes, cryogenic, enzymatic and hybrid. The capture technologies are also mapped according to the CO 2 capture process (post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-combustion). The results are analyzed in terms of priority date, annual evolution of the patents portifolia, technology owners (country, continent, sector of society, companies, (R&D institutions), inventors and their countries, authors of scientific articles, article copyright owners, institutions and countries where the scientific research reported in the articles was performed, patent type (process, method, prototype, product, etc.), patents classification codes showing technologic trends and fields, type of gas source where CO 2 is captured, type of processes and type of gas outputs after CO 2 capture, details of the components and of the processes for each method capture, among other trends. The results are contextualized in terms of methods of CO 2 capture processes, focusing on technology for IPCC, roadmaps, and government programs and strategies for reducing CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. All the capture technologies are growing yearly, both in patent applications and in articles. Absorption and adsorption are the most used capture technologies, post-combustion is the most used capture process, and most of the patents refer to CO 2 separation and removal. Most of the copyrights belong to Elsevier and American Physical Society, USA detains 52% of the patent applications and 31% of the articles published. The other patent applications belong mainly to Germany, France, Japan and United Kingdom. The countries with more aggressive appropriation policies are France, Norway, Germany, USA and Netherland. There is a strong correlation between countries of the technology owners and clear CCS government policies. The patent applications refer to over thirty entry gas currents, being focused on combustion and post combustion processes, followed by natural gas specification. New trends like Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC), Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR) are also focused.

Lost in translation: contributions of editors to the meanings of text

Background. Authors of scientific articles in one language are often required to provide abstracts of their papers in a second language, and they use a variety of ways to achieve this. Aims. The aims of our studies were (i) to assess the effects of using native English speakers to improve non-native speakers' translations of their abstracts, and (ii) to explore the variations in edits produced by different native speakers. Methods. In Study 1, a French abstract was translated into English by two French authors. Each of these English abstracts was then edited by two native speakers of English (leading to four abstracts altogether). Textual and stylistic analyses were made of these four abstracts. In Study 2, over 200 academics rated these four abstracts on a series of semantic-differential scales to see how readers judged each abstract and what discriminations they made between them. Results. Study 1 showed how the two English editors imposed their own particular styles of writing on to the anglicized French abstracts, and how each changed the meaning in different ways. Study 2 showed that readers did in fact evaluate these pairs of English abstracts differently, indicating that the two English editors wrote in recognizably different `voices', whilst ostensibly carrying out the same task. Comparing the results of Study 1 (using textual analyses) with those of Study 2 (using readers' judgements), it appeared that improving readability and changing style were independent skills, and each had differing effects on meaning and understanding. Conclusions . These data suggest that there are benefits from using native English speakers to edit translated abstracts, but that there will never be a `one-to-one' translation from one language to another, and that different measures may reveal different effects.

Prizes for the best papers published in Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 2003‐06

For the promotion of Scandinavian Journal of Immunology and authors of scientific articles, the Editors and Editorial Board members agreed to award 50,000 NOK annually (one first prize 25,000 and two second prizes 12,500) to the best papers published. This selection started in 2004 for the best papers published in 2003. The three annually selected papers published in 2003–2006 are hereby presented [1–12]. The Editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology congratulate the authors once more.

The risk of using the Internet as reference resource: A comparative study

Objective We sought to examine the frequency and the specific problems encountered in accessing Internet references in two leading medical journals during the last 3 years. Methods Two investigators independently reviewed all publications in the issues of the New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet during October 2005 to March 2006, November 2004 to January 2005, and November 2003 to January 2004. We calculated the total number of references and the subset referred to an Internet source of each article. Then, we visited the electronic sources to identify the Internet references and noted the problems of accessibility, if any. When we failed to directly access the reference in the electronic address provided by the authors, we visited the referred website; if this was also inadequate, we performed Google searches to retrieve the missing reference(s). Results 465/18,850 (2.5%) and 952/24,630 (3.9%) of the reviewed references in the New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet, respectively, referred to Internet sources; from these we could not access 68/465 (14.6%) and 170/952 (17.9%) in the two journals, respectively. There were increasing proportions of lost Internet references as they age. Searching into the website referred by the authors of the reviewed articles could not provide the missing information in a considerable proportion (62.2%). However, the use of an Internet search engine (Google) helped us to identify references in other websites, reducing the proportion of missing Internet references to 17/465 (3.7%) and 17/952 (1.8%) for the two journals, respectively. Conclusions The response “page not found” was commonly encountered when we tried to access Internet references in publications of leading medical journals during the last 3 years. A considerable proportion of missing references was identified with the use of Google search engine. Authors of scientific articles should be aware of the problem of missing Internet references and until well-established Internet archiving solutions are in use, they should choose carefully their Internet references from reliable websites whenever it is impossible to avoid using them.

Keywords given by authors of scientific articles in database descriptors

In this article, the authors analyze the keywords given by authors of scientific articles and the descriptors assigned to the articles to ascertain the presence of the keywords in the descriptors. ...

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