Abstract
Successful academic writing depends on being familiar with different rhetorical strategies .One of these strategies used by authors of scientific articles is the act of criticism, the criticism of the previous works or other members of their respective communities. Actually this helps writers to justify their own study and to create a gap. Therefore the socio-pragmatic variable of Academic Conflict (AC) has been investigated in different academic genres and disciplines. This study aims to examine this variable in linguistics papers in Persian and English. To this end a corpus of 60 papers, 30 in Persian and 30 in English, have been chosen randomly. First in the quantitative phase of the study, the direct and indirect AC variables that have been used for critical speech acts were compared by within and between languages and then in a qualitative examine, the discourse analysis of important features were examined to show the probable relations to the cultural contexts . The results showed that English writers used more criticism acts than Persian writers and both groups used direct AC more than indirect one. Although both groups of papers are written in different cultural contexts, the strategies used by authors seem familiar and have minute differences and this may show that the effect of discipline and the language of instruction are more than cultural contexts in rhetoric of criticism.
Highlights
The importance of research articles as one of the genre in academic setting has become more distinctive nowadays, and as Martín-Martín, P (2005) states the research papers are the main devices used for communication between scientists in different discourse communities in the current century. Hyland and Salager‐Meyer (2008) discussed the importance of academic genre and its attraction to researches and presented that these studies provide communities with academic practices
The researcher focused on the linguistics and pragmatic features of criticism especially on the ones used for presenting negative evaluations .The results showed some similarities and differences in the strategies employed by American and Italian authors
The results showed that the direct criticism acts were more than indirect ones in two groups (p=.0001) and indirect acts are more than direct ones in the second group
Summary
The importance of research articles as one of the genre in academic setting has become more distinctive nowadays, and as Martín-Martín, P (2005) states the research papers are the main devices used for communication between scientists in different discourse communities in the current century. Hyland and Salager‐Meyer (2008) discussed the importance of academic genre and its attraction to researches and presented that these studies provide communities with academic practices. Hyland and Salager‐Meyer (2008) discussed the importance of academic genre and its attraction to researches and presented that these studies provide communities with academic practices They believe that the main task of academics is to write, the academic discourse has become more and more important to text analysts. AC is divided into two: direct AC in which the author of paper criticizes the opposing ideas very overtly and indirect AC in which the writer uses mitigating devices such as hedging devices to dissent in a covert manner This variable has been under study from different perspectives and in different areas of scientific papers. Some researchers have studied general academic works and compared different fields With each other regarding AC
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