Authoritarian Leadership Research Articles

The Leadership Style Of Kh Budi Rahman Hakim Phd (Abah Jagat) In Increasing Teacher Motivation In Pesantren

ABSTRACTThis research aims to describe and analyze leadership styles in enhancing teacher motivation. The research was conducted at Pondok Pesantren Jagat’ Arsy, with KH Budi Rahman Hakim, PhD (Abah Jagat) as the head of the Islamic boarding school as the research subject. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study followed the following procedures: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion, and verification. The results of this research explain the leadership styles applied by Abah Jagat in enhancing teacher motivation, which involves one leadership style and, in certain aspects, different leadership styles. The dominant leadership styles applied are charismatic and transformational leadership, although, on the other hand, an authoritarian leadership style is also implemented. This is reinforced by the leadership functions applied by Abah Jagat and the forms of motivation provided following Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: a) motivating teachers by fulfilling their physiological needs, b) creating motivation to fulfil teachers’ security needs, c) providing motivation by addressing teachers’ need for affection, d) providing motivation for teachers’ self-actualization needs.Keywords: Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Islamic Boarding School

Autoritarinių lyderių užsienio politikos pokyčiai: Uzbekistano užsienio politikos po Šaltojo karo pabaigos analizė

The growing study of foreign policy change offers various explanations of change and continuity in foreign policy. By focusing on the actors of foreign policy decision-making, past scholarship has mainly concentrated on the role of institutional and noninstitutional factors in foreign policy change. However, decentralized decision-making is more relevant to democratic regimes than authoritarian regimes. Despite the abundance of case studies on foreign policy making in nondemocracies, advancements in the conceptual understanding of foreign policy change in authoritarian regimes are still needed. Addressing Uzbekistan’s foreign policy, this article proposes an advanced framework to explain why and how foreign policy change takes place under authoritarian leaders. A leader’s perception of the external environment is argued to be a decisive factor inducing authoritarian leaders to (re)consider their regime survival strategy. Concern with regime survival, in turn, shapes foreign policy goals which are manifested in distinctive foreign policy behavior of a leader. Ultimately, the behavior of a leader translates into certain foreign policy outcomes.

Chinese-style Modernization in the Critique of Modernity

From a theoretical point of view, modernisation is a holistic social change involving all aspects and a long-term dynamic process of social development, which is a common characteristic of modernisation. Therefore, the cause of modernisation needs a strong leading core to integrate all forces, otherwise all fields of society may face an undesirable situation of mutual fragmentation and respective dominance in the process of social development, which will cause a fault in the strategy of social modernisation and trigger social conflicts. Western modernisation is a capital-led modernisation, a modernisation governed by modern rationality and the logic of capital, and its development is bound to be accompanied by a corresponding crisis of modernity. On the basis of the common features of modernisation, China has explored a modernisation framework different from that of the West in terms of the positioning of modernisation, leadership authority, value goals, development dynamics and paradigm of world interaction, so as to pull developing countries out of the swamp of "one-dimensional modernisation", and to eliminate the "myths" created by developing countries about Western modernisation. It has taken developing countries out of the swamp of "one-dimensional modernisation", broken the superstitions of developing countries about the "myth " created by Western modernisation, and enriched the development paths taken by developing countries in the world with the theoretical and practical paradigms of diversified modernisation based on their own national conditions, thus creating a new form of human civilisation and a brand-new choice for the modernisation of the human society.

Spatial restrictions hinder avoidance of choke species in an Indigenous rights‐based fishery

Abstract Nutrient‐rich waters along the Pacific coast of North America support diverse fish communities that have helped sustain coastal peoples for millennia. Five Nuu‐chah‐nulth First Nations on the west coast of what is now known as Vancouver Island, Canada, hold constitutional Indigenous rights to conduct a multispecies community fishery, which includes Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). A 2009 court decision defined the extent of these Indigenous rights to be within 9 nm of the coast, thereby not fully recognizing the knowledge and authority of the traditional leadership and raising concerns about the potential for an increase in rockfish bycatch. Yelloweye Rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) are a potential ‘choke’ species for this fishery because the two species occupy similar depth ranges. A choke species is one that is caught incidentally while targeting other species and, if caught in excess of its quota limits, can trigger a halt to fishing on the target species. Guided by the insights of local Indigenous peoples and using both fishery‐independent survey and commercial longline catch data, we investigated the effects of fishing depth and spatial restriction on the relative catch weights of these two species using spatiotemporal models. We find evidence that a confined fishing area can limit opportunities for avoiding choke species. Specifically, fishing at depths deeper than 175 m, which occur outside the court defined area (CDA), would provide more opportunities for catching halibut while avoiding Yelloweye Rockfish than are currently available within the CDA. This Indigenous‐informed, analytical approach to a management problem is just one example of how Western scientists can engage in coproduction of knowledge with Indigenous peoples to transition from the ‘status quo’ towards a practice of ‘Two‐Eyed Seeing’ that more effectively balances Indigenous rights and species conservation. Policy implications: Our study highlights (1) the importance of considering choke species distributions and opportunities for their avoidance when implementing spatial harvest restrictions and (2) how related analytical and management decisions can benefit from being guided by the advice of Indigenous knowledge holders. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Putin, Ukraine, and Security Dilemma: Analysis of Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Its Consequence

This paper analyzes the factors that led Russia to invade Ukraine and draw important lessons from this war. The major findings of this are that the causes of the war are more varied and run deeper than just the personality of Putin. The domestic factors and structural conditions suggest that this war was not simply the outcome of a deeply personal reaction of an authoritarian leader. Putin started the special military operation and invaded Ukraine. Putin overestimated the military power of Russias army and underestimated the Ukrainian peoples loyalty and affiliation to their government. The West also misjudged the severity of bringing former Soviet satellites into North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Russias geopolitical environment has also deteriorated. Russias image as a major power collapsed after the slogging military operation. And the sanctions followed by the Russian armys invasion have affected Russias economy, which made Russia the most-sanctioned country in the world.

The Effectiveness of Female Authoritative Leadership Style Research

Background and Aims: From the perspective of female authoritarian leadership, this study reveals the role of individualized transactions in the leadership effectiveness of female authoritarian leaders. Materials and Method: Through literature research, first understand the research status of female leaders' leadership style, analyze the unresolved problems in the existing relevant research, and on this basis, look for important influencing factors from the perspective of management and psychology. Questionnaire method. In the data collection process of this study, the questionnaire survey method is mainly used to collect primary data from the surveyed objects in a specific area. The questionnaire method first needs to find the measurement scales of all the key variables in the theoretical model proposed in this research. Results: The results show that female authoritarian leadership negatively affects job performance; collective psychological ownership plays a mediating role between female authoritarian leadership, employee satisfaction, and task performance. In addition, the positive impact of collective psychological ownership and employees' organizational citizenship behavior has been confirmed by data. Conclusion: Female authoritarian leadership hampers job performance, mediated by collective psychological ownership while fostering positive organizational citizenship behavior. Thus, this paper provides guidance for leaders to choose effective management practices.

The Influence of the Political System on Education Curriculum Policy in Indonesia

This research aims to describe the literature review on the influence of politics on changes in education curriculum policy in Indonesia from 2004-2013. This research method employs a qualitative approach with a literature review framework. The research process entails gathering articles, filtering them, presenting them, engaging in discussions, and drawing findings. The primary sources of research data include books, journals, and national articles published during the past seven years. The findings indicated that out of ten articles, four were relevant to the topic of discussion. The curriculum underwent several revisions following the reform era in 1998. These changes included the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum in 2004, the introduction of the Education Unit curriculum in 2006, and the adoption of the 2013 curriculum. Curriculum revisions in Indonesia are frequently influenced by the prevailing political system as a way to demonstrate leadership authority during that period. Therefore, curriculum modifications are not grounded on educational requirements.

Research on the Problems and Strategies of Delegation Management in a Cross-Cultural Context The Case of the University of Sydney

This paper focuses on the decision of a manager or supervisor to delegate a task or responsibility to one or more employees as delegation, or DOA for short; It also focuses on the influence of globalization on the workplace empowerment system and proposes that a mixed cultural environment, the authority of leaders is not only based on actual ability but also on subjective cognitive decision-making. Globalization has made technological skills available to the international market, and governments and non-profit organizations need to establish cross-cultural empowerment systems to promote the growth of different groups. In this context, implementing mandates faces multiple obstacles, such as discrimination and stereotypes based on gender, race, and ethnicity. The impact of discrimination will be examined by data from the Pew Research Centers 2019 Race in America report. This article will compare real-world case studies to weigh the pros and cons of cross-cultural empowerment. Second, make recommendations based on generally accepted views of cultural influence and individual agency. In addition, this paper also discusses the characteristics of the situational leadership model, the third culture, and Hofstedes cultural dimension theory as its foundation. In this papers case study of China Europe International Business School in Shanghai, a significant conflict between different cultures occurred. Based on the situational leadership model, the third culture, and Hofstedes theory of cultural dimensions, to solve the problems of distrust and language barriers in communication, using a third language can effectively alleviate possible conflicts.

Farewell President! Political favoritism, economic inequality, and political polarization

This paper examines the effect of political favoritism on economic inequality in the short run and political polarization in the long run. We exploit the sudden death of an authoritarian leader – President Chiang Ching-Kuo of Taiwan – in 1988 to generate plausibly exogenous variation in partiality. We find that Chiang’s nationalist regime conducted political favoritism broadly toward political immigrants via cronyism (allocating public sector positions) and also differentially toward specific subgroups of political immigrants via wage discrimination (offering higher wages to these subgroups within the public sector). Favoritism led to a 7.2 percent immigrant wage premium, which accounted for nearly three quarters of the immigrant–native wage gap at the time. This in turn propelled overall income inequality by 4.5 percent. Moreover, political favoritism breeds political polarization in the long run by pulling apart the political views of immigrants and natives. Compared with natives, immigrants who were exposed to favoritism tend to adopt political positions that are aligned with the nationalist party today: they are more likely to support unification with China, and are more inclined to trust the mainland Chinese government and its citizens. Exposed immigrant (native) swing voters are also more (less) likely to vote for the nationalist party today.

Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Otoriter pada PT Xyz

Leadership traits emerge in a person when one group member can change and arouse the motivation of other members in the group so that the group can be directed, structured and coordinated in achieving goals effectively and efficiently. Leadership is related to how to influence other people, followers and subordinates in a company to achieve the goals desired by a leader. In line with the discussion of the methodology, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely research that attempts to describe a symptom, event, event that is occurring in the present. In this research, the researcher tries to photograph events and occurrences that are of central concern, and then describe them as they really are. As for descriptive descriptive research on solving a problem that exists in the present, this research will describe the phenomena that occur regarding Leadership style is a person's ability to lead and encourage their subordinates to do everything they are given thoroughly and of course optimally. An authoritarian leadership style is one of the leadership styles used by leaders towards their employees. Authoritarian leadership is a form of leadership where all forms of power, decisions, performance and work motivation are in the hands of the leader himself. The leadership style applied at PT Xyz and Excise is a semi-military authoritarian leadership style. A person's level of work motivation determines how that person performs.

Leadership in Islamic Boarding Schools

Leadership in Islamic boarding schools is very important because the life or death and development of an Islamic boarding school will be seen in the pattern and leadership style of a kyai. Leadership authority in Islamic boarding schools rests with a kyai. Therefore, it is very natural and normal for the role of kyai to be highly respected in the growth of Islamic boarding schools. In order to be an inspiration and role model, it is necessary to form a dynamic learning community pattern. The problem formulations include: 1) what is meant by leadership in Islamic boarding schools. 2) what leadership styles exist in Islamic boarding schools. 3) What roles are applied to a kyai. This research uses a literature analysis method obtained from several literatures. From the research results, the success or failure of an Islamic boarding school depends on the leadership style applied by the kyai themselves. Leadership factors are still determining factors in effectiveness and efficiency. Apart from that, the vision and mission also have influences and interrelated elements. The elements used as a reference are those that are adapted to Islamic law, including: 1) ethics that are in accordance with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. 2) objective leaders, 3) leaders who have high credibility, 4) responsive leaders

The Influence of Authoritarian Leadership Style on Employee Performance CV. Globalindo Jaya Palembang

This study aims to examine the effect of authoritarian leadership style on employee performance at CV Globalindo Jaya Palembang. The data in this study was obtained through observation, document study, interviews and distributing questionnaires to all members of 32 respondents. The results of the study partially show that the authoritarian leadership style has no significant positive effect on employee performance at CV Globalindo Jaya Palembang. This research is expected to provide benefits to the company in terms of improving employee performance.

Factors Affecting Public Sector Investment in the Livestock Industry in Malaw

The dominant narrative is that public financing and investment in the public sector depend on the political leadership of the government executive because of the incentives gained in public finance management. The executive arm of the government includes elected political leaders and technocrats. Using the case of the agricultural sector, this paper examines the role of technocrats and elected leadership in investment choices. This paper uses, in support of quantitative findings, qualitative evidence from a case study designed in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development in Malawi. The variables were used to analyze the quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. The finding reveals that seniority, authority, political affiliation, and technical expertise of civil servant leadership significantly influence public investment choices in the livestock sector in Malawi. Both elected political executives and technocrats had self-interests in delivering goods with swift and visible returns. The study concludes that Malawi's public sector investment arena is a ‘war zone’ with various actors vying for dominance. The paper recommends a critical review of the reforms in the livestock sector to bring the investment culture on course in Malawi. More studies are needed to resolve issues around privatization models of services in the livestock sector and the role of government and transactional actors.

Toxic leadership as a predictor of physical and psychological withdrawal behaviours in the healthcare sector

ABSTRACT The current study aims to examine how toxic management styles can lead to both psychological and physical withdrawal of employees in the healthcare sector. The quantitative approach was used in this research. Preliminary data was collected through online questionnaires from 413 employees working in private and public hospitals and health centers in France. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses in the SmartPLS program. The research results indicate a direct positive effect of two styles of toxic leadership (unpredictability and authoritarian leadership) on physical withdrawal behaviors. The results also showed that self-promotion and unpredictability positively affect psychological withdrawal behaviors in hospitals and health centers. The results of the research can be useful for managing health centers to remove the behaviors of toxic leaders from the work environment and protect and support staff so that they can continue carrying out their duties.

Integrating Governor Posts Into the Federal Bureaucratic Structure: Resignation and Post-Tenure Careers of Governors in Russia

Authoritarian leaders incorporate key subnational posts into state bureaucratic structures to consolidate their regimes. Exploiting a comprehensive dataset of post-tenure careers of governors in Russia, this study demonstrates that under the centralisation reforms of the Putin presidency, governors have left their posts at the discretion of the federal government. In the 2010s, outgoing governors frequently faced criminal charges. At the same time, an increasing number of governors have been promoted to federal government posts, and regional posts have been incorporated into the federal administrative structure through a combination of tight control and promotions.

Nurse leaders’ perceptions of future leadership in hospital settings in the post-pandemic era: a qualitative descriptive study

PurposeCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has challenged leadership in hospitals worldwide. The experiences of leadership during the pandemic changed leadership significantly. This study aims to describe nurse leaders’ perceptions of what future leadership in hospital settings in the post-pandemic era needs to be like.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative descriptive study was used. A total of 20 nurse leaders from the Finnish central hospital were interviewed from June to October 2021. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed five main categories describing nurse leaders’ perceptions of future leadership in hospital settings in the post-pandemic era: digitalisation and hybrid working culture, development of sustainable working conditions, moving smoothly to the post-pandemic era, dissolution of traditional regimes of organisation and flexibility in leadership.Practical implicationsIn the post-pandemic era, the constantly changing demands and challenges currently facing healthcare systems have significantly increased the complexity of hospital organisations. This requires critical evaluation and change to traditional leadership. Enhancing flexibility and authenticity in leadership, strengthening competencies, implementing a wide range of digital resources and increasing the appeal of the nursing profession to build the next generation of nurses – all of these are needed to provide sustainability in future healthcare.Originality/valueThe results identify the critical points of leadership that need to be developed for future challenges and for maintaining a sufficient supply of qualified professionals. Acting on this information will enhance flexibility in organisations and lead to acceleration of changes and the development of new kinds of leadership in the future

Arab Spring di Maroko: Dari Demonstrasi Hingga Transisi Regulasi

This article describes the Arab Spring phenomenon that rocked the Middle East, especially Morocco. 
 Arab Spring succeeded in bringing down the authoritarian leaders and dictators in power. This study uses 
 decision-making theory to describe the problems that occur. Then the writer uses the descriptive-analytical method 
 to fulfill the research sources to be studied. This research tries to answer the question how is the strategy of King 
 Mohammed VI to avoid the storm of the Arab revolution after a series of protests that took place in his country? 
 After conducting the research, we concluded that the strategy of King Mohammed VI in dealing with the wave of 
 demonstrators in Morocco could be said to be different from the method used by other North African countries. 
 King Mohammed VI changed his approach to problem-solving, not using violence but with a persuasive strategy. 
 His efforts in stifling the turmoil of demonstrations in his country bore fruit. At least two factors contributed to his 
 success in reducing protests in his country, namely the factors of openness and trust. This success made Morocco 
 maintain its government without the fall of leadership. It is different from countries in the phenomenon of the Arab 
 Spring.

Can Paternalistic Leadership Promote Chinese College Teachers’ Creativity? Understanding the Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of three dimensions of paternalistic leadership (i.e., authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership, and moral leadership) on the creativity of Chinese college teachers. Based on social cognitive theory, the mediating role of creative self-efficacy in the relationship between the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership and creativity was also investigated. A questionnaire survey methodology was adopted with data collected from a sample of 775 college teachers as participants in the Shandong province of China. The results revealed college teachers’ perceived benevolent leadership and moral leadership had a significant positive impact on their creativity; perceived authoritarian leadership, however, demonstrated a significant negative effect on creativity; creativity self-efficacy was reported to partially or completely mediate between all three dimensions of perceived paternalistic leadership and creativity. These findings provided theoretical and practical insights for enhancing creativity among college teachers. College leaders are encouraged to exhibit benevolent and moral leadership behaviors while limiting authoritarian leadership behaviors. It is also recommended that colleges introduce management practices such as training and creative development tutorials to improve the creative self-efficacy of college teachers and enhance their creativity.

The Effect Of Strategic Thinking Skills In Enhancing Strategic Ambidexterity (An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of directors of the Federal Integrity Commission)

The current research aimed to test the impact of strategic thinking skill as one of the most important strategic management skills in achieving strategic prowess, by distributing a questionnaire that included (54) department directors, office managers, department heads and their assistants from the Federal Integrity Commission, to indicate their responses to the questionnaire paragraphs. 8), Pisapia et al.) and the measure of strategic dexterity (2003, Benner, M. J.. & Tushman, ML) The study was based on the hypothesis based on the absence of an effect relationship between strategic thinking skills and strategic dexterity. A number of descriptive and inferential statistical methods and tools were used, including (Microsoft Excel, SPSS V.25) for the purpose of testing the aforementioned hypothesis, and the study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is The Integrity Commission, the study sample, achieves strategic prowess through a method that attracts new ideas. Exploiting opportunities and keeping abreast of developments through research and development of the authority's leaders and strengthening its path in achieving its organizational goals to deal with contradictory organizational phenomena.

Ranking of Leadership Styles and National Culture Factors Affecting Smart Government Organizational Performance

Investigating leadership style, organisational performance, and national culture indicators in Abu Dhabi, the smart-government capital of the UAE was carried out through quantitative method of research. Total 274 valid data samples were gathered and analysed with SPSS software to perform descriptive assessment. Reliability test revealed that all the indicators have Cronbach Alpha value above 0.7 confirming the validity of the data. Skeweness and Kutosis values of the parameters showed that the data follows normal distribution. Employee morale and satisfaction were cited as the most critical parameters for gauging organisational performance, while the study found that personal steadiness and stability is the most desired parameters of national culture. All four of the leadership styles that were studied were deemed significant. Based on responses, "my supervisor makes others feel good to be around him/her" is the most important aspect of a transformational leader, while "my supervisor tells others what to do if they want to be rewarded for their work" is the most important aspect of a transactional leader. Among the parameters studied, "As a rule, my supervisor allows me to appraise my own work" ranked highest in accordance with Laissez Faire Leadership, while "Do you agree that the Authoritative leadership style employed by your supervisor contributes to your feelings of insecurity in your work and the need for clear direction?" ranked highest in accordance with Authoritative Leadership. These finding pointed out that the designed parameters can be used for further study related to national culture, organizational performance and leadership styles adopted in UAE in relation with Smart government.