Authoritarian Behavior Research Articles

A personalidade autoritária, do operário à gerência: um estudo com a escala RWA no estado de Minas Gerais

A pesquisa comparou o grau de autoritarismo entre gerentes e trabalhadores operacionais, de empresas do setor industrial ede prestação de serviço, utilizando uma escala denominada Right-wing authoritarianism – escala RWA. O referencial teóricoaborda o autoritarismo e o comportamento autoritário, a partir da obra The Authoritarian personality, e o desenvolvimentoda escala RWA a partir da escala F de Adorno, hoje, o instrumento psicometricamente mais aceito para mensurar a personalidadeautoritária. Na pesquisa, a escala RWA foi aplicada a 60 gerentes (26 do setor industrial e 34 de prestação de serviço)e 123 trabalhadores operacionais (56 do setor industrial e 67 de prestação de serviço), de empresas do estado de MinasGerais. A comparação revelou uma tendência dos grupos de expressar níveis semelhantes de autoritarismo, exceto pelosgerentes do setor industrial, que apresentaram nível estatisticamente inferior aos demais – algo não esperado pela teoria.

"O eterno fascismo italiano" e a resistência dos romances de Ignazio Silone, Carlo Levi e Vasco Pratolini

RESUMO Silone, Levi e Pratolini são escritores especialmente citados pela postura antifascista na atividade política e na atitude literária. Três de suas principais narrativas representam experiências de contato com as desigualdades agravadas durante o regime, além de retratarem aspectos nefastos no comportamento autoritário dos representantes do Estado fascista. Publicados antes e depois da Segunda Guerra, com enredos cobrindo períodos que vão dos anos de 1920 aos de 1930, Fontamara (1933), Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (1945) e Cronache di poveri amanti (1947) compõem quadros camponeses e urbanos comprometidos com a população esquecida do sul do país e com as pessoas amedrontadas em plena irrupção do terror. Há uma tarefa intelectual de revirar o passado para explicar o presente, estabelecer uma posição, defender a verdade e oferecer uma solução estética para a expressão dela. Os filmes baseados nos romances, aos quais dedicamos uma breve digressão, deram continuidade à proposta e conseguiram problematizar as visões sobre os anos que se seguiram ao fascismo.

Gender bias in communal leadership: examining servant leadership

Purpose– Theory suggests gender bias in leadership occurs through a cognitive mismatch between thoughts of women and leaders. As leadership incorporates more feminine qualities, gender bias disadvantaging women should be reduced. The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical investigation of that argument by examining gender bias in servant leadership. Predictions made by role congruity theory were investigated with principles from leader categorization theory.Design/methodology/approach– In a survey design, 201 working college students from the Midwest USA were presented with either a female or male leader, each with identical servant leader attributes. Participants reported their expectations for the leader’s future behavior.Findings– Expectations for servant leader behavior were greater for the woman than man leader, and expectations for authoritarian behavior were greater for the man than woman leader. Expectations for servant leader behavior were greater from the woman than man participants, and expectations for authoritarian behavior were greater from the man than woman participants, a difference that was enhanced by men’s hostile sexism.Research limitations/implications– Although limited by the sample of working students, important implications are the importance of using theoretical integration to examine contemporary forms of leadership for changing gender bias, considerations of self-concept in bias and examining perceiver characteristics when investigating gender bias.Practical implications– Awareness of the reduction of gender bias in communal leadership may allow an increase of leadership opportunities for women and leadership attempts by women.Originality/value– This is the first empirical examination of gender bias in communal leadership through theoretical integration.

Parental Attitude and Teacher Behaviours in Predicting School Bullying

The main goal of this research is to present the relationship between “parental attitude and teacher behaviors in predicting school bullying”. The population of this research is consisted of all primary school 4 th grade students within Istanbul Kucukcekmece Municipality borders. Data were gathered from lower, mid and upper socio-economic level schools (2 schools on each level, 6 schools in total.) 702 volunteer students constitute the sample of this research. 363 (52%) of these students are female students and 338 (48%) of the students are male students. Tendency for Bullying Scale, Parental Attitude Scale, Perceived Teacher Behavior Scale and an information form which was developed by the researcher were used in collecting data. T-test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were used in data analysis. Female students who do not attend cultural activities and who have low success levels have a higher bullying tendency. As students’ ages increase, bullying tendency increases, too. Authoritarian behaviors of teachers, mothers and fathers (respectively) are the main predictors of bullying. Students who cannot have emotional sharing, who like to use force and who reflect negatively about events have a higher bullying tendency. Positive attitudes of teachers especially and their efforts to develop empathy skills in students are thought to be important in decreasing school bullying.

Turkey: Presidential Elections, 2014

The first direct presidential election in Turkey is remarkable because of the thin margin with which Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected against the expectations of a massive support. It marks beginning of a new era in Turkish politics indicating widespread discontentment and fear regarding the policies of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). On the other hand, the ruling party has retained its support among conservatives, business, and middle classes, especially in Anatolia region. However, the rise of new political forces in the 2015 general elections that failed to give a clear majority to any group should force the AKP to rethink over its policies, particularly the rising concern of authoritarian behavior and appropriation of power. Further, concerns over crackdown of media and dissent and growing instances of violation of human rights may lead to a backlash from the electorate. The AKP government has also come in from criticism for its handling of the Syrian crisis and its action against Syrian Kurds may turn the fragile peace achieved with its own Kurdish population.

An empirical study on the effect of paternalistic leadership on employees’ voice behaviors –the intermediary role of psychological empowerment

At the perspective of employees’ psychological empowerment, the investigation and empirical analysis of 284 questionnaires was conducted to open up influencing mechanism. Between paternalistic leadership and employees’ voice behaviors. The results show that, the three behavior patterns and combinations of the paternalistic leadership have differences in the effect path and strength on the employees’ voice behaviors. Firstly, the leader with authoritarian, benevolent and moral behavior plays the strongest role in promoting voice behaviors of his subordinates, and the role derives from direct positive impacts of authoritarian behavior and indirect impacts of benevolent behavior through psychological empowerment. Secondly, the role which the leader only with benevolent behavior plays follows the former, and comes from the indirect impact of benevolent behavior through psychological empowerment. Thirdly, the leader with authoritarian and benevolent behavior, the leader only with moral behavior, the leader with benevolent and moral behavior and the leader with authoritarian and moral behavior also have a positive role in promoting the employees’ voice behaviors, but the strength decreases one by one. Finally, the leader only with authoritarian behavior produces negative effects on the employees’ voice behaviors through psychological empowerment.

Адаптация коммуникативной модели «преподаватель – студент» к требованиям современного высшего образования

The article is about changes in higher school teacher’s communicative behavior. These changes are caused by developments in russian education under conditions of the market economy, principles of free enterprise and contract relations. The author reviews the influence of educational process subject transition on communication model: authoritarian behavior- >collegiate. In order to meet the requirements to a personal component of a behavioral pattern an up-to-date teacher needs knowledge of several additional subjects such as psychology, sociology, marketing and economy. In the article one can find practical measures that can help a teacher to fit in a new concept of education.

Obedient children and reckless rebels: Jabotinsky's youth politics and the case for authoritarian leadership, 1931–1933

This article traces the pivotal role that ideas about “youth” and “generationhood” played in Vladimir Jabotinsky's political strategy as leader of the Union of Revisionist Zionists and its youth movement, Brit Yosef Trumpeldor (Betar). During the leadership struggle within the movement between 1931 and 1933, Jabotinsky believed that he could draw upon debates sweeping across Europe about the nature of youth, their role in politics, and the challenges of “generational conflict” in order to convince his followers that his increasingly authoritarian behavior was the only mode of leadership available to Zionist leaders in the 1930s. The article demonstrates that Jabotinsky's deliberately ambiguous and provocative constructions of “youth” and “generationhood” within the movement's party literature and in articles addressed to the Polish Jewish public, as well as the innovative ways in which he delimited “youth” from “adult” in his movement's regulations, allowed him to further embrace authoritarian measures within the movement without publicly abandoning his claim to be a firm proponent of democracy.

Analysis of Leadership Styles in Banking Sector in North Cyprus: Testing Factors Effecting Authoritarian Style and a Model for Banking Sector in a Small Island Economy

Analysis of the Leadership Styles in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Banking Sector, test some hypotheses related to leadership styles and test the model which explains the effect of task oriented and people oriented factors to the authoritarian behavior of managers in Banking sector in a small island economy is the main purpose of this research. A total number of 177 usable questionnaires were personally retrieved from managers in the research premises. The hypothesized relationships were tested using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 16. Overall, the results reveal that managers in the north Cyprus banking sector exhibit task-oriented leadership style. Importantly, while the older managers were found to be less people-oriented leaders, on the other hand, younger managers were found to be more task-oriented leaders. Contrary to the previous findings, the female managers were found to be more task-oriented leaders in this context. This research makes useful contributions to the current knowledge base and the related industry by exclusively generating a new model for the small island economies.

Mind, politics, and the academyThe Open Mind Cold War Politics and the Sciences of Human Nature Jamie Cohen-Cole University of Chicago Press, 2014. 405 pp.

Mind, politics, and the academyThe Open Mind Cold War Politics and the Sciences of Human Nature <i>Jamie Cohen-Cole</i> University of Chicago Press, 2014. 405 pp.

Courts' Politics in Palestine: How the Supreme Court Reacted to Authoritarian Behaviors?

Courts' Politics in Palestine: How the Supreme Court Reacted to Authoritarian Behaviors?

Religion als Gehorsam: Konfessionelle Heimerziehung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1945–1975

The debate in Germany about boarding schools and residential care in the 1950s and 1960s dealt with brute force and child abuse. More than seventy percent of the residential care institutions were run by the churches. The relation between religion, obedience and discipline was characteristic for this field of socialdisciplinary intervention. The draft will show statistical evidence and outline the tradition and reality of correctional education in Germany. It shows the development from the poor conditions in the early years after the Second World War to the change of generations and educational institutions at the end of the 1960s in Germany. In many respects everyday life in these educational homes had the character of „total institutions“, according to the concept of Erving Goffman. Religious education reinforced authoritarian behaviour and was paired with a quantitative and qualitative lack of personnel in the institutions. The „belated modernisation“ of the correctional education in Germany took much more time than the modernisation of society in general.

Desconstrução do mito e sucessão do fundador em empresas familiares

Mitos funcionais promovem a estruturação da empresa e dos relacionamentos interpessoais; no entanto, tornam-se disfuncionais quando dificultam o processo sucessório. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consistiu em identificar os fatores que contribuem para a desconstrução de um mito em uma empresa familiar que passa pelo processo de sucessão do fundador, e em analisar como o estágio do mito se relaciona com o desenvolvimento sistêmico da organização. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso. A análise dos dados revela que os fatores que mais contribuíram para a desconstrução do mito foram: a sua recusa em abordar temas relacionados a conflitos familiares; o comportamento de centralização e autoritarismo do mito; e a não transmissão do empreendedorismo para a geração sucessora. Na dimensão propriedade, o Grupo encontra-se no estágio inicial, de proprietário controlador, mas o desejo de substituir o fundador-mito tem levado à transição para o estágio de sociedade entre irmãos; na dimensão família, o Grupo está na fase de passagem do bastão, mesmo com a resistência do fundador-mito; e, por fim, na dimensão empresa, encontra-se em expansão/formalização, apesar da existência de conflitos latentes entre os membros da família.

Ferrets in the Caribbean: Britain, Grenada and the Curious Case of the Armoured Cars

When the Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in Grenada in March 1979 they set about securing and defending their ‘revolution’ against the threat of a countercoup organised by the deposed Prime Minister Eric Gairy. Military aid was quick to arrive from expected allies, namely Cuba and Guyana. Grenadian Prime Minister Maurice Bishop also requested arms from Britain and the United States. The People’s Revolutionary Government’s (PRG’s) ties to Cuba and evasiveness over election plans ruled out the US providing any support. Britain remained more open-minded about the PRG’s intentions. Using recently declassified British government documents, this article will examine London’s deliberations over supplying armoured cars to Grenada. It argues that Foreign and Commonwealth Office officials focused on the bigger picture of steering the PRG away from Cuba at the cost of considering how the sale of the armoured cars to the PRG would appear to a wider audience and that the PRG’s increasingly authoritarian behaviour ultimately vetoed the sale.

Abuse of children in institutional care in 20th-century Ireland: an analysis using fromm's psychology

The Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse found that members of Catholic congregations in Ireland abused children in institutions which they ran on behalf of the State for much of the 20th century. Drawing from Erich Fromm's moral psychology, it is argued that members took out the suppression of their individual freedom in hostility towards the children and themselves through forms of submissive and authoritarian behaviour. This is seen as one probable explanation which affected some members. The reason members suppressed their freedom was to find psychological security through embracing a Catholic theology which emphasised self-abnegation. Poor economic and social conditions are also seen as factors which contributed to members not developing a healthy relation to their own freedom. The article concludes that those who work in caring professions need to have security in their own freedom.

Coaching Behavior: Any Consequences for the Prevalence of Sexual Harassment?

Coaches can easily dominate athletes and this unbalanced power distribution may be strengthened by authoritarian behavior; i.e. negative feedback, directive communication, coach-led decision making, task-centered role orientation, and goal orientation on performance. An unwanted risk emerges when the power is abused, which can lead to the occurrence of sexual harassment. This article examines whether authoritarian coaching behaviors may have any implications for female athletes' experiences of sexual harassment from male and female coaches. The participants in this survey were 399 female sport &amp; PE students from Czech Republic, Greece and Norway. The study revealed that both the prevalence of authoritarian behaviors and of sexual harassment were significantly higher from male coaches. There was a higher prevalence of sexual harassment experiences from both male and female coaches among those participants who had experienced authoritarian behaviors compared to those who did not. This indicates that authoritarian behaviors are a stronger predictor of experiences of sexual harassment than the gender of the coach.

Parenting practices and their relevance to child behaviors in Canada and China

Recent studies have revealed that parents in different cultures endorse different child-rearing practices. Studies in the West suggest that there is a cluster of behavioral characteristics in children that are linked with each type of parenting styles. Mixed results, however, were found in non-Western countries. This study examined (1) parenting practices in Canadian and Chinese mothers, and (2) the relevance between parenting practices and child behaviors in Canada and China. Forty Canadian children (average age = 5.40) and 39 Chinese children (average age = 4.84) and their mothers participated in the study. Information on maternal authoritative and authoritarian behaviors and children's behaviors, including coercive request, polite request, and assertiveness, was obtained from observations of mother-child interactions in a laboratory situation. The results indicated that Chinese mothers were less authoritative and more authoritarian than Canadian mothers. Both cross-cultural differences and similarities were found on the associations between maternal parenting practices and child behaviors.

The USA PATRIOT Acts (et al.): Convergent Legislation and Oligarchic Isomorphism in the “Politics of Fear” and State Crime(s) Against Democracy (SCADs)

The irrelevance of habeas corpus and the abolition of “double jeopardy,” secret and protracted outsourcing of detention and torture, and increasing geographic prevalence of surveillance technologies across Anglo-American “democracies” have many citizens concerned about the rapidly convergent, authoritarian behavior of political oligarchs and the actual destruction of sovereignty and democratic values under the onslaught of antiterrorism hubris, propaganda, and fear. This article examines synchronic legislative isomorphism in responses to 9/11 in the United States, the United Kingdom and European Union, and Australia in terms of enacted terrorism legislation and, also, diachronic, oligarchic isomorphism in the manufacture of fear within a convergent world by comparing the “Politics of Fear” being practiced today to Stalinist—Russian and McCarthyist—U.S. abuse of “fear.” The immediate future of Anglo-American democratic hubris, threats to civil society, and oligarchic threats to democratic praxis are canvassed. This article also raises the question as to whether The USA PATRIOT Acts of 2001/2006, sanctioned by the U.S. Congress, are examples, themselves, of state crimes against democracy. In the very least, any democratically inclined White House occupant in 2009 would need to commit to repealing these repressive, and counterproductive, acts.

Everyday Interactions with University Authorities: Authority Treatment Quality, Outcome Favorability and First-Year Students' University Adjustment.

Two hundred and twelve first-year undergraduates completed an authority interaction checklist every time they had a (self-defined) meaningful interaction with university authorities during the first two weeks of their first semester. Students' degree of university identification before they began the term moderated the influence of campus authorities' treatment quality on academic engagement three months later. These longitudinal data provide support for the argument that people who identify with the group the authority represents will interpret the authority's behavior as indicative of their value to the group.

Differential exposure to early childhood education services and mother–toddler interaction

This study examined the associations of exposure to early childhood education (ECE) services upon 2.5-year-old children's task persistence and enthusiasm and their mothers’ authoritative and authoritarian behavior and support stimulation. Families participated in the Infant Health and Development Program, an eight-site randomized comprehensive ECE to enhance the development of low birth weight, premature infants. Exposure was measured for 269 families who received at least one home visit and 1 day at the Child Development Center (CDC): 131 with lower exposure (64 ± 11.6 home visits and 206 ± 53 CDC days) and 138 with higher exposure (67 ± 9.2 home visits and 301 ± 21 CDC days). These two groups were compared to the follow-up group (540 with no exposure). Compared to no exposure, high exposure was associated with greater child enthusiasm and persistence and maternal support stimulation. Infant and mother test scores and temperament/depression scores, child's sex, and ethnicity were examined as moderators. Compared to no exposure, high exposure was related to maternal authoritative behavior toward girls, less authoritarian behavior for mothers with lower PPVT scores, and greater task enthusiasm from Black children.