Authentic Content Research Articles

Strengthening social presence and connectedness in 100% online courses through CONNECT

Over recent years, higher education has seen a significant shift toward online courses. Factors driving this change include digital technology ubiquity, diverse student populations, workforce demands, and the increasing need for more flexible learning environments (Serrano et al., 2019). However, while online course enrolments are rising faster than on-campus courses, retention rates remain lower (Australian Government, 2021). Evidence suggests that online education can negatively impact students’ sense of connection, leading to feelings of isolation and disempowerment (Roddy et al., 2017). This is also reflected in the Australian University Mental Health framework (Orygen, 2020) which emphasises creating supportive online learning environments that promote student well-being. The Australian Universities Accord (Australian Government, 2024) calls for universities to embrace TEL. However, given that research has shown the need for more professional development (PD) and support for online educators (Ahern and Biedermann, 2022; 2023), innovative, evidence-based strategies are needed for organisations to build capacity in online teaching. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature, the authors developed CONNECT: a framework to enhance social presence and connectedness in online learning (Ahern et al., 2024). Grounded in research underpinned by Garrison et al.’s (2000) Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, the principles of Universal Design for Learning (CAST, 2018) and leveraging TEL, this framework offers educators a roadmap for nurturing a sense of community that positively influences student well-being, engagement, and overall success. Key components of the CONNECT framework are: C - Communication is responsive and supportive O - Optimal online presence N - Nurture educational and professional growth N - Networking opportunities fostered E - Engaging communities of learning C - Contemporary and authentic content T - Timely and effective feedback for learning (Ahern et al., 2024). The study follows a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of CONNECT in guiding teaching staff to use evidence-based strategies to promote belonging and connectedness in online education. In phase one, CONNECT was implemented within a 100% online postgraduate (PG) subject. This presentation will showcase online teaching strategies used to apply all elements of CONNECT as implemented in phase one. Phase two, also showcased, involved creating and releasing an online short course as professional development for teaching staff across two PG online courses at the authors’ university: Master of Nursing (MN) and Graduate Certificate of Diabetes Education (GCDE). After these implementation phases, the third phase will measure the effectiveness of CONNECT across the two PG courses. Data will be collected via (i) a student survey and (ii) a staff survey. Data analysis will compare the experimental group (participants enrolled or teaching in MN or GCDE) against the control group (participants not enrolled or teaching in MN or GCDE). Data will be collected from students and teachers across Australian universities offering 100% online courses. We hypothesise that by implementing CONNECT, the study will (1) Show improved student satisfaction in the experimental group and (2) Add to the body of evidence to inform and support teaching staff to develop strategies that can help build connectedness and social presence in online learning.

User-Generated Contents and Brand Loyalty of Skinscare Products in Port Harcourt

This paper empirically investigated the relationship between User-Generated Contents and Brand Loyalty of Skincare Products in Port Harcourt. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to determine how user authenticity and user engagement rate relate with customer satisfaction and repeat patronage of skincare products in Port Harcourt. The correlational research design was adopted and the population of the study was infinite. Topman’s formula was used to generate a sample size of 384 customers. However, only 262 respondents provided data for the study through questionnaire that was designed in the Likert 5-point scale of strongly disagree to strongly agree. Spearman Correlation (rho) was used to four hypotheses. From results of the analysis it was revealed that user authenticity and user engagement rate which are the proxies of user-generated contents positively and significantly relate with customer satisfaction and repeat patronage (i.e. measures of brand loyalty) of skincare products in Port Harcourt. Based on these findings, it was concluded that both factors have a very strong and positive impact on customer loyalty, with authenticity playing a particularly crucial role in shaping customer perceptions and trust. The strong relationship between user engagement and repeat patronage further highlights the importance of fostering active and meaningful interactions with customers. Therefore, the study recommended amongst others that skincare brands should encourage genuine customer reviews and testimonials by creating platforms where customers feel comfortable sharing their honest experiences. Authentic content resonates more with potential buyers, fostering trust and leading to higher customer satisfaction and repeat purchases.

The Evolution of Advertising in Nigeria: Promoting Local Content for Sustainable Development

The complex relationship between advertising and local content promotion in Nigeria is one of the huge challenges to sustainable development. Cultural oversimplification, misrepresentation, and dominance of the West do significant damage to the representation of Nigerian culture authentically in the practice of advertising. This paper, therefore, reviews this relationship by incorporating historical evolution, and technological, cultural, and regulatory dynamics. The qualitative research design followed in this study generated primary data through the use of in-depth interviews conducted on key players in the Nigerian advertising industry. The primary data collected underwent a thematic analysis, while the historical analysis was supported by multiple sources, including historical records, publications from the industry itself, and scholarly literature. This research shall, therefore, be located within the understanding of the Cultural Imperialism Theory and the Development Media Theory as a lens to critically analyse the complexity of representations of local content in advertising. The results showed that there were positive and negative perceptions toward the integration of local content in Nigerian advertisements, as most consumers appreciate culturally authentic content. It identifies challenges and also shows how to use opportunities: bridging Nigeria's multicultural identity and digital platforms for sustainable development. This research underlines the need for a balance between global advertising practices and the local cultural nuances of impactful, sensitive campaigns that shall help lead the course of sustainable development and preserve the rich cultural heritage of this great nation.

Development of a Pancasila Education Teaching Module with Integration of Mattabe' Culture for Strengthening Student Character Values

This study aims to develop and analyze a Pancasila education teaching module that incorporates the local Bugis-Makassar culture for elementary schools. It using the ADDIE development model, the research findings indicate that the Pancasila education teaching module meets the established criteria. The content effectively reflects Pancasila values integrated with Mattabe' culture, aligns with the Merdeka curriculum, and expert feedback confirms that the module is relevant and ready for use in teaching. The study concludes that the Pancasila education module presents accurate and authentic content, uses simple language, and employs interactive, engaging, and contextual teaching methods. Expert validation confirms that the module is ready for implementation in educational settings.Pancasila Education Teaching Module

How influencers motivate inactive adolescents to be more physically active: a mixed methods study.

Regular physical activity offers numerous health benefits, particularly for adolescents. However, only 14% of school-aged children in Switzerland achieve the World Health Organization's recommendation of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. Changing health behaviors is a complex process in which understanding behavioral and communication patterns is crucial. Because adolescents spend substantial time on social media channels and obtain information from them, these are potential channels for accessing health-related content. This study explores the questions of which influencers and what content motivate adolescents to be more physically active and whether influencers can impact enjoyment and the intention to engage in physical activity. The study employed a convergent mixed methods approach, combining self-assessment questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Ninety-three adolescents aged 14-20 years who exercised < 1 h per day participated. They followed one of the six participating influencers on Instagram. Over 6 weeks, the questionnaires collected quantitative data, measuring enjoyment, stages of change, and physical activity levels. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 adolescents and six influencers to gain in-depth insights. The quantitative findings indicate that adolescent followers enjoyed physical activity more after the social media intervention and at follow-up than at the beginning of the study. The followers' stages of change progressed over time. Compared with those following more athletic influencers, followers of nonathletic influencers (that is, a singer, a journalist, and an eFootballer) showed increased physical activity over time. Qualitative analysis highlighted Instagram factors influencing physical activity, including resonance with influencers' lifestyles and preference for simple, relatable activities. Authentic content was positively associated with increased exercise, particularly among already motivated followers. Unexpectedly, nonathletic influencers, such as a singer, a journalist, and an eFootballer, motivated adolescents best despite their nontraditional focus on physical activity. Their success stems from relatable lifestyles and simple activities that are easily incorporated into their daily routines. Conversely, athletic influencers demonstrated challenging exercises that were fascinating but difficult to adopt. This finding suggests the potential for utilizing nonathletic influencers in future campaigns targeting inactive adolescents.

Efektivitas Strategi Digital Marketing di Media Sosial: Studi Kasus Facebook, Instagram, dan Tiktok Generasi Z

The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that have contributed to the rapid growth of digital marketing on social media, evaluate the importance of digital marketing in the context of social media in the digital age, and identify efficient strategies for implementing digital marketing on social media. The research methodology employed included a quantitative research design with a questionnaire distributed to Generation Z respondents. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis software to assess the efficacy of digital marketing strategies on various social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. The findings of the study indicate that Instagram and TikTok are more effective in attracting the attention and engagement of Generation Z than Facebook. Instagram demonstrated the highest level of engagement with visual content, while TikTok exhibited a clear advantage in terms of interactive short video content. The primary factor influencing efficacy is the provision of informative and relevant content aligned with individual interests. The most effective digital marketing strategy entails the use of creative and interactive content on TikTok and Instagram platforms. In conclusion, the results indicate that TikTok and Instagram are more effective than Facebook in attracting the attention of and engaging with Generation Z. The use of visual, interactive, and authentic content is a key factor in the success of digital marketing strategies on these platforms. This study provides guidance for marketers in selecting effective social media platforms and designing digital marketing strategies to reach Generation Z audiences.

Sobornost as a non-sociological category

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the concept “conciliarity” (“sobornost”) and is motivated by its incorrect, in the author’s opinion, use in modern sociological literature. Having put forward the understanding of sobornost as a transcendent / socially loaded category as the main dilemma, the author gives an ambiguous solution to it. It is shown that the concept of sobornost, the appearance of which in Russian religious philosophy and, more broadly, Russian culture, is traditionally associated with the name of A. S. Khomyakov, is deeply rooted in the religious-mystical experience of the latter and requires careful handling. Sobornost, in its authentic understanding, is the divine grace that descended upon the meeting of believers and mystically transformed it. This concept belongs to the theological picture of the world; bringing it into sociological analysis is incorrect, and its use in socio-political discourse is unwholesome, since it sets false guidelines and values. At the same time, the vulgarization of the notion of “sobornost” present in many works can be explained not only by a superficial and / or tendentious reading, but also by the inherent deep ambivalence of this concept, the obvious gaps between its authentic content and latent mental constructs embedded in it and analytically revealed by a certain research perspective. “Sobornost” was born as a social, in its basic intuitions, category, and in its historical development it returns to these intuitions. The presence of a certain connection between the deeply mystical authentic content of “conciliarity” and its social projections, as well as its subsequent sociologically inevitable secularization, turns the concept under consideration into an extremely curious object of terminological analysis.

Influencer Marketing in the Digital Age: Exploring the Influence of Social Media Influencers on Consumer

Through the research we are going to discover how social media influencers do impact consumer behavior, especially that of purchasing. It brings forth the existential question of how much influential the lifestyles of social media stars have on consumer behavior as among the younger generation there is a strong tendency to copy the lifestyle of influencers. The research demonstrates information which illustrates that there is a considerable number of both male and female consumers that are mostly guided by what social media influencers recommend, with this having the highest proportion among the youth. Views of influencers influence the probability of buying products or services most likely, among female participants and individuals between 20-25 years old. The study finds that the credibility of influencers is positively related to the probability of ordering everything they advertise, especially on the young people. The effect of influencers on the buying decision is likewise inherently related to the trustworthiness of the product endorsed, showing how significant the authentic content is. The report highlights the importance for these brands to comprehend how influencer marketing works, relate it to consumer trust and purchasing behavior, so that they may effectively take advantage of this aspect of social media. Key Words: Influencer marketing, Consumer behavior, social media, Purchasing decisions, Authenticity, Brand management, Online marketing, Consumer trust.

Utilizing Films in EFL Classroom for Learning Speaking: A Study at English Major

Nowadays, speaking skills can be learned through various techniques and resources. One of them is watching films. Watching films using English subtitles is one of the best ways to present authentic content because it combines audio and visuals This research purposed to know how are English major students’ perceptions towards watching English films to develop speaking skills. The participants were 30 students in the sixth semester of the English Education Department in IAIN Kediri. For data collection, a questionnaire consisting of ten questions was employed to gather information about the respondents' background, perceptions regarding watching English films, and their level of agreement with respect to English films. The descriptive method is utilized because the data analysis is presented in a descriptive manner. According to the percentage of the finding, there are (75,8%) of students chose the option Agree, while there is (0%) of students chose the option Strongly Disagree in all the items. The survey shows the highest answer from respondents is “agree” about their perceptions towards watching English films to develop speaking skills. Based on the results of respondents’ perceptions, researchers can conclude that English film has good perceptions and has good influences in developing students’ speaking skills.

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING ON GENERATION Z

Social media have become the significant part of the gen Z life, and they affects everyone from lifestyle and behavior to advertising brands and the quality of product. Targeted ads on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat assure that Gen Z is constantly immersed in messages that are directly relevant to their interests and preferences, leading to an increase in brand exposure and engagement. Moreover, the Gen Z buyers’ decisions are highly affected by social media as it provides them with the option to get product recommendations and reviews from trusted influencers via Instagram and YouTube. Gen Z consumers can be best connected through authentic content, but privacy and data security are the challenges that are brought in by social media advertising for brands. Gen Z, who are born digital, is cautious of sharing their personal data on the internet and ask brands to protect their privacy. Consequently, brands must form a connection with this skeptic audience with trust and credibility. In the end, it is awareness of the fact that Gen Z has unique values and preferences that allows the brands to create effective advertising campaigns that are closely related to this generation, leading to brand loyalty in the digital arena. Keywords: Social media advertising, Generation Z, impact, attitudes, behaviors, perceptions

Contemporaneity of the Tree of Life Image in the Towels of Poltava Region of the 19th and 20th Centuries

The purpose of the article consists in identifying and analysing the ornaments of traditional towel embroidery of the Poltava region of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the peculiarities of the technique and technology of their production with a focus on the Tree of Life motif for the full reproduction of its authentic meaning in contemporary design.&#x0D; Research methodology is based on the methods of comparison, analysis and analogies used for a detailed literature analysis. Induction and deduction methods were useful for identifying the characteristic manifestations of the Poltava tradition against the background of embroidered towels of Ukraine. The typological and comparative methods were used in the study of the Poltava region territorial features. The historical method made it possible to study and identify the sequence of embroidery formation, symbolic and semantic features in embroidered towels. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comparison of the principles of depicting the Tree of Life in embroidered towels of Podillia, Polissia, and Poltava region of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; in the formation of a semiotic meanings list of the Tree of Life in towels of Poltava region, which have been scattered in various scientific works. The article provides recommendations for compliance with the authentic content in the interpretation of the symbolic elements of the Tree of Life image in the products of modern designer clothing brands. Conclusions. The Tree of Life is a complex ornamental element of embroidery, especially evident in the Poltava region, and has a wide range of symbolic meanings: a cosmogonic model of the world, the trinity of the three worlds, Family Tree, Mother Guardian, Holy Trinity, and Our Lady Oranta. In the Poltava region, the image of the Tree of Life in towels has been a well-established tradition since the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with characteristic details in the form of fancy flowers. One of the reasons for the levelling of the sacred and magical load of the Tree-Flower in the ornamental compositions of modern clothing brands can be considered a tendency to generally lighten the informational and philosophical content of the product following consumer tastes. Some Ukrainian designers and brands demonstrate options for models of a successful combination of folklore motifs and authentic tradition with modern fashion trends. Individual Ukrainian designers and brands demonstrate variants of models that successfully combine folklore motifs and authentic tradition with modern fashion trends. Brands recreate traditional embroidery in their own interpretation, so the variety of techniques and technologies for demonstrating embroidery has a rich potential for development.

ResNet50 DeepFake Detector: Unmasking Reality

Objectives: The objective of this research is to detect video deepfakes with a higher accuracy and provide optimum results. The research aims to reduce time complexity for the media processing while simultaneously working on the model accuracy. Methods: This research has utilized CelebDF and FaceForensics++ Datasets for training and 32 epochs with the use of Single Nvidia Tesla T4 GPU. The above method of training and validating the model yielded error of &lt;5% and is very capable. Using image scraping this model initially eliminates the unimportant areas of consideration. Thus, reducing the amount of scans that the model does in order to identify the face. This reduces that training to graph ratio and provides less error margin. Findings: This research’s findings reveal the model's robustness in detecting manipulated videos generated by deepfake techniques. Through extensive experimentation on diverse datasets, ResNet50 consistently demonstrated 97% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in distinguishing authentic content from deepfakes. The model exhibited exceptional generalization across various scenarios, including face-swapping and lip-syncing, showcasing its adaptability to evolving deepfake techniques. This research contributes to the already existing literature on ResNet50 deepfake detection tools. It contributes by adding the image scraping feature to the ResNet50 model and overcomes the gaps such as increasing error percentage of some of the models. The research of 1 has a 20% error percentage while this research has an error percentage of 5% with an accuracy of 97%. Novelty: The study employs ResNet50 to detect deepfake videos, utilizing novel image scraping techniques to minimize errors and enhance prediction accuracy. Keywords: Deepfakes, Deep Learning, GAN, ResNet50, FaceForensics++, CelebDF

Characteristics of facilitated critical thinking when students listen to and speak English as an additional language in Indonesia

This article presents a qualitative case study of a teacher facilitating Critical Thinking (CT) through listening and speaking in an English as an Additional Language (EAL) Year 10 Indonesian high school class. Such CT facilitation and development are required not only by the Indonesian government's EAL policies, but also in other countries with developing economies. CT is thought to promote language acquisition as well is being developed through language learning, if well-facilitated. This article presents a case study of a teacher and her class based on triangulated data comprising pre- and post-interviews with the teacher, student classroom observations and documents on lesson plans, content materials, syllabus and assessment practices. The findings revealed evidence for rich CT when analysed through the analytical framework of Critical Thinking in English Listening and Speaking (CTELS). However, factors were identified as obstacles for CT development, including first language interference, insufficient authentic content materials and constraints on the design of appropriate assessment tasks. These barriers to effective facilitation of CT in EAL listening and speaking form the basis for further investigation of the areas of CT in EAL listening and speaking pedagogy and assessment. Moreover, the CTELS shows promise to illuminate CT as evidenced by students and has the potential to guide teacher facilitation of CT.

Social media influential factors for the decisión of tourist destinations: a systematic review

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the influence of social media (SM) on tourist destination (TD) choices. Forty-one articles indexed in Web of Science were selected. The results highlight five emerging data categories: SM influence factors, Content Endorsers, Information Sources, Context, and User Characteristics. Identified influencing factors include destination features, Quality Content, Usability, and eWOM. Various content endorsers were found, yet no consensus on which wields greater consumer influence. Understanding diverse contexts and user profiles is crucial for formulating effective TD strategies. This research underscores the need for further studies and introduces a graphical model, the 'Social Media Azevedo-Ferreira Model,' visually illustrating the scientific literature on this subject. Market implications suggest the production of authentic content reflecting regional culture to foster connections between users and TD. Future research should explore alternative databases.

Audio-Video Analysis Method of Public Speaking Videos to Detect Deepfake Threat

Aim: The purpose of the article is to present the hypothesis that the use of discrepancies in audiovisual materials can significantly increase the effectiveness of detecting various types of deepfake and related threats. In order to verify this hypothesis, the authors proposed a new method that reveals inconsistencies in both multiple modalities simultaneously and within individual modalities separately, enabling them to effectively distinguish between authentic and altered public speaking videos. Project and methods: The proposed approach is to integrate audio and visual signals in a so-called fine-grained manner, and then carry out binary classification processes based on calculated adjustments to the classification results of each modality. The method has been tested using various network architectures, in particular Capsule networks – for deep anomaly detection and Swin Transformer – for image classification. Pre-processing included frame extraction and face detection using the MTCNN algorithm, as well as conversion of audio to mel spectrograms to better reflect human auditory perception. The proposed technique was tested on multimodal deepfake datasets, namely FakeAVCeleb and TMC, along with a custom dataset containing 4,700 recordings. The method has shown high performance in identifying deepfake threats in various test scenarios. Results: The method proposed by the authors achieved better AUC and accuracy compared to other reference methods, confirming its effectiveness in the analysis of multimodal artefacts. The test results confirm that it is effective in detecting modified videos in a variety of test scenarios which can be considered an advance over existing deepfake detection techniques. The results highlight the adaptability of the method in various architectures of feature extraction networks. Conclusions: The presented method of audiovisual deepfake detection uses fine inconsistencies of multimodal features to distinguish whether the material is authentic or synthetic. It is distinguished by its ability to point out inconsistencies in different types of deepfakes and, within each individual modality, can effectively distinguish authentic content from manipulated counterparts. The adaptability has been confirmed by the successful application of the method in various feature extraction network architectures. Moreover, its effectiveness has been proven in rigorous tests on two different audiovisual deepfake datasets. Keywords: analysis of audio-video stream, detection of deepfake threats, analysis of public speeches

Deepfake detection using deep learning methods: A systematic and comprehensive review

AbstractDeep Learning (DL) has been effectively utilized in various complicated challenges in healthcare, industry, and academia for various purposes, including thyroid diagnosis, lung nodule recognition, computer vision, large data analytics, and human‐level control. Nevertheless, developments in digital technology have been used to produce software that poses a threat to democracy, national security, and confidentiality. Deepfake is one of those DL‐powered apps that has lately surfaced. So, deepfake systems can create fake images primarily by replacement of scenes or images, movies, and sounds that humans cannot tell apart from real ones. Various technologies have brought the capacity to change a synthetic speech, image, or video to our fingers. Furthermore, video and image frauds are now so convincing that it is hard to distinguish between false and authentic content with the naked eye. It might result in various issues and ranging from deceiving public opinion to using doctored evidence in a court. For such considerations, it is critical to have technologies that can assist us in discerning reality. This study gives a complete assessment of the literature on deepfake detection strategies using DL‐based algorithms. We categorize deepfake detection methods in this work based on their applications, which include video detection, image detection, audio detection, and hybrid multimedia detection. The objective of this paper is to give the reader a better knowledge of (1) how deepfakes are generated and identified, (2) the latest developments and breakthroughs in this realm, (3) weaknesses of existing security methods, and (4) areas requiring more investigation and consideration. The results suggest that the Conventional Neural Networks (CNN) methodology is the most often employed DL method in publications. According to research, the majority of the articles are on the subject of video deepfake detection. The majority of the articles focused on enhancing only one parameter, with the accuracy parameter receiving the most attention.This article is categorized under: Technologies &gt; Machine Learning Algorithmic Development &gt; Multimedia Application Areas &gt; Science and Technology

Teaching Grammar through Content-Based Instruction in a Second Language Classroom

Content-Based Instruction (CBI) is a novel approach that delivers a systematic preparation to acquire English language skills within a specific context. This paper demonstrates the basic postulates of how the elements of grammar are effectively taught by this approach. It brings a profound study of the essential characteristics of Content-Based Instruction that is well-suited to teaching language learners. In the case of both speaking and writing skills, the learner is expected to ascertain the nuances and the essentialities of the English language. A firm ground to the exposure of the grammatical regulations gives an edge to the learning language when it comes to practical usage. Grammar rules and regulates its stature as a sure foundation of language learning. Content-Based Instruction is an approach that aids young learners to imbibe listening, speaking, reading and writing skills and to utilize them in real-life activities. Content-Based Instruction is an amalgamation of content learning with its focus on English verbal communication. The major endeavour of the CBI is to provide learners with a grasp of the grammatical systems that functions in the language. One of the conditions that the CBI claims to fulfil is that it focuses on the use of the language in its form and function. Grammar is an unwavering referral point and maintains an undisputable position when it deals with the never-ending patterns of human utterances. Content-Based Instruction functions effectively with authentic content and continuously upgraded and trained tutors. This paper propounds that grammar has to be instructed by experienced teachers with inexplicit input from an expert who gives weightage to the practical and pragmatic application of the language, unlike the followers of the traditional grammarians and grammar-translation method who stop within the arena of teaching only by trying to figure out grammatical properties. By involving students in language study through interactions and various classroom activities, Content-Based Instruction has gained a position on its own in aiding learners to utilize the English language in their everyday application.

Deepfake Attacks: Generation, Detection, Datasets, Challenges, and Research Directions

Recent years have seen a substantial increase in interest in deepfakes, a fast-developing field at the nexus of artificial intelligence and multimedia. These artificial media creations, made possible by deep learning algorithms, allow for the manipulation and creation of digital content that is extremely realistic and challenging to identify from authentic content. Deepfakes can be used for entertainment, education, and research; however, they pose a range of significant problems across various domains, such as misinformation, political manipulation, propaganda, reputational damage, and fraud. This survey paper provides a general understanding of deepfakes and their creation; it also presents an overview of state-of-the-art detection techniques, existing datasets curated for deepfake research, as well as associated challenges and future research trends. By synthesizing existing knowledge and research, this survey aims to facilitate further advancements in deepfake detection and mitigation strategies, ultimately fostering a safer and more trustworthy digital environment.

Application of teaching methods and tools in "Linguistic study" classes (german language) in the training of students of the specialty "Business communications and translation"

During the training of highly qualified specialists of the "Business Communications and Translation" program, the course "Linguistic Studies (in German) is studied. In this course, teaching methods and tools are widely used to ensure perception and consolidation with the help of feedback and self-control and taking into account the individual capabilities of students of authentic material of a country science nature. The aforementioned discipline contributes to the formation of communicative and translation competence for effective communication, as well as adequate translation and mutual understanding. Thus, in classes, those methods and teaching tools are widely used, which provide an opportunity to improve students' communication skills in combination with grammar skills.&#x0D; In our study, the methods and means of education are considered through the prism of training students – future translators. This makes it possible to prepare qualified and competitive translators for work on the world market of labour and services with appropriate interdisciplinary coordination of all cycles of humanitarian and specialized educational disciplines. It is a well-known fact, that perfect command of a foreign language involves not only the knowledge and ability of students to correctly use lexical units in combination with grammatical constructions at the level necessary for oral and written communication. In the educational process, students learn to perceive information of authentic content by ear and improve their reproduction skills. In practical classes, future specialists learn to model professional situations in German in order to prepare for foreign language professional communication, as well as when writing business letters, drawing up annotations, able to conduct dialog-conversation, presentation-advertising and presentation-report.&#x0D; When training future translators, it is essential to evaluate the achievements of the culture of native speakers in German-speaking countries, to understand its essence, meaning and role for humanity. The fact of awareness of the importance of using information and computer technologies in order to improve professional activity is integral. It is also worth paying attention to the personal traits of the communicator - the future translator: features of the use of oratory, sociability, self-development skills and self-evaluation in certain professional and communicative situations. Such methods as "Brain-ring", press conference, round aquarium, simulation games, game design, trainings, creation of a situation of success, etc. contribute to this. The following tools are important: the Internet, virtual simulators, audio and video recordings of a creative direction, video conferences, presentations

The Relationship Between Risk Communication and Willingness to Receive Booster Doses of COVID-19 Vaccines

Background: Identifying factors associated with willingness to receive a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines and risk communication are essential to control the pandemic. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between risk communication and willingness to receive booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 746 over 18 years old adults in Kermanshah, Iran, on October 2022 using random cluster sampling from 396,000 members of the general population who had not received a COVID-19 booster dose. Required data were collected using an online questionnaire from people who met the study requirements and analyzed via SPSS software version 22. Results: A total of 746 participants were between the ages of 40 and 59, 374.0% had a history of underlying disease, and 61.9% received two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine. About 36.3% were willing to accept booster dosages, and men, older adults, and those with underlying diseases were more likely to receive booster vaccinations. The most influential sources of information were social networks and television. There was a positive and significant correlation between risk communication and willingness to receive booster vaccine doses (P &gt; 0.05). The average risk communication scores were higher among those more likely to receive a booster dose. Conclusions: Health policymakers should pay more attention to risk communication in designing multi-component interventions and producing appropriate and authentic content in social networks to increase the general population’s acceptance of vaccine booster doses.