Austrian Army Research Articles

Schütz on self-alienation and homecoming in a warring world

Alfred Schütz, who joined the Austrian army at 17 years old as a lieutenant in 1917, faced traumatic experiences during the First World War that deeply influenced his later intellectual pursuits. This article examines how Schütz’s wartime and postwar experiences shaped his intellectual and political contribution to sociology. The trauma Schütz faced during and after the war profoundly influenced his views on the ethical competence and integrative capacities of common sense, particularly in his applied theory essays of the 1940s. Highlighting the modern crisis of alienation, Schütz’s works such as “The Stranger” and “The Homecomer” reflect his commitment to understanding and overcoming the estrangement and confusion that arise from social and spatial displacement and the ideology of irreconcilable alienness. Rather than treat what is missing from the biographical archive as an irretrievable loss or absence, the article reads parts of Schütz’s later writings for traces they bear of his unrepresented wartime and postwar experiences, and argues that his applied theory essays partly serve as a delayed response to his youthful traumas. Ultimately, Schütz’s insights into foreignness offer profound reflections on the interplay between historical events, personal experiences, and social theory.

THE ANTINOMY OF LOYALTY–BETRAYAL IN IVAN FRANKO’S SHORT STORY «HRYTS AND THE YOUNG LORD»

The article analyzes one of the few works by Ivan Franko with a military-revolutionary plot – the historical story «Hryts and The Young Lord». The historical background of the work (the Polish revolutions of 1846 and 1848) is highlighted, and its core problem is identified, that expressed through the antinomic pair of loyalty/betrayal in the context of coexistence of Ukrainians and Poles in the Austrian Empire. The impossibility of having their own statehood and sovereignty and non-recognition as a separate people threatened Ukrainians with assimilation and loss of their own identity. This is reflected in the conflict of the work, which develops around its realization and defense through a difficult moral choice between loyalty and betrayal. The author traces the development of the character of the protagonist Hryts Tymkіv from a clever and sociable, but somewhat infantile young man living in the estate of Polish lords, to a soldier in the Austrian army who defends the empire from Polish rebels. It is concluded that Hryts's core trait is honesty, which guided his actions, helping him to balance between betrayal and loyalty in different situations. It is also established that Hryts's self-awareness as a Ukrainian was gradually formed under the influence of various national discourses, but finally crystallized at the moment when he was persuaded to go to the enemy camp, motivating this decision by the fact that he would defend his homeland, Poland. The author concludes that Hryts's shooting of his former friend Nikodym at the barricades was not a fully conscious but rather impulsive act, which could be motivated by several factors: the aggravation of national identity in a limit situation, subconscious obedience to orders as a soldier who must defend the Austrian Empire from enemies, and personal resentment of Nikodym for wanting to use him and sacrifice their relationship in the name of his national idea. The author left it to the readers to determine the main motive for the murder, as well as its morality or immorality. At the same time, it is concluded that the shooting of Nikodym was a symbolic suicide for Hryts as a servant loyal to his masters and a kind of payment for his final political epiphany. Keywords: national identity, betrayal, uprising, empire, conflict of duality, symbolic suicide.

The Image of A. V. Suvorov Through the Eyes of the Participants in the Campaign of 1799

Figure A. V. Suvorov has been a reference military leader for more than two centuries in Russian historical memory. His image began to be formed during the life of the general, and by 1799 his name was widely known both in Russia and abroad. Participants in the last military campaign of the field marshal noted in their memoirs his appearance, atypical for traditional idea of a Russian hero, but it was offset by the strength of his character, intelligence and memory of numerous victories that connected him with veterans of not only the Russian, but also the Austrian army. Among the contemporaries of the campaigns of 1799, there were different attitudes to the extraordinary behavior of the commander, but all agreed that he was a bright figure and knowingly became the subject of numerous historical anecdotes.

Miniatura důstojníka 8. pěšího pluku rakouské armády. Nová akvizice Národního muzea od Patrizia Kettnera z roku 1836

The article explores a signed and dated portrait miniature of an officer by the painter Patrizio Kittner (1809–1900) from Brno, which was previously unknown. The aim of the text is to present Kittner’s portrait miniature through formal, stylistic and contextual analysis. The introduction focuses on the forgotten miniature painter’s personality, his artistic background, and his work for commissioners among the Moravian aristocracy and leading industrialists. It then proceeds with a formal description of the portrait miniature, its condition having been carefully assessed after the National Museum’s restorer removed the painting from its frame and disassembled the entire miniature into its individual components. This is followed by an analysis of Kittner’s painting style, which was examined using two portable microscopes: Dino-Lite type AM4115ZT for normal light images and Dino-Lite type AD4113T-12V for infrared images. Signed portrait miniatures from the Moravian Gallery in Brno served as adequate comparative ma­terial. The text then discusses the context of the work’s creation and identifies Kittner’s commissioners from the ranks of the Austrian army, evaluating the soldier’s rank and classification. The analyses indicate that Kittner’s miniature has been preserved in good technical condition. It is not substantially damaged, but it has undergone previous restoration, as indicated by the retouching on the right part of the man’s chest and in the upper right corner. This is an example of Kittner’s high-quality work, where the painter followed the Viennese portrait style of Moritz Michael Daffinger, known as the Daffinger School. In Kittner’s case, the clear influence of Viennese miniature production is demonstrated primarily through the painting style charac­terised by intersecting brushstrokes and the use of organic dye to depict skin tone. The article concludes by cautiously identifying the depicted figure as Anton Hahn, a lieutenant of the 8th Infantry Regiment of the Austrian Army.

Revoluce národní a sociální 1848/1849 Uhry v Rakousku, Slovensko v Uhrách: revoluce v revoluci

In 1848-49 most of continental Europe was affected by revolution, which in Central and Eastern Europe was connected with national movements of particular nations. While the Germans, Italians and Romanians demanded national unification in one nation-state, in Austrian Empire the situation was oposite: particular nations demanded collective national rights, territorial home-rule and far reaching political autonomy. Hungarians on one hand fought for their independence and full national self-determination against Vienna and wanted to separate from Austrian Empire, but simultaneously refused to grant collective national rights to particular nations living in Hungary. This brought the non-Magyars, e. g: the Serbs of Vojvodina, the Croats, the Romanians in Transylvania and also the Slovaks to oposition and finaly to revolt against the Hungarian revolution on the side of Vienna Court. The essay describes the split among Slovaks vis-à-vis the Hungarian revolution. Many Slovaks joined the Hungarian National Guards and fought against the Imperial Austrian Army, while others joined the Slovak legions fighting against these National Guards alongside Imperial Army.

Prosvjetni život u Sarajevu Osmanskog doba: Dobrotvorno djelovanje građana u 18. i 19. stoljeću u korist mekteba

This paper explores how citizens took part in educational opportunities in the Ottoman Empire with their endowments (waqfs). The focus is on the charity work for the benefit of maktabs in the City of Sarajevo in the Ottoman Era. The paper expounds on the contribution the citizens made to maktabs – the institutions which provided elementary education for the children and youth. The time period the paper examines is 18th and 19th centuries, and the occasion is the event that took place in 1697, when Sarajevo was devastated under the attack of the Austrian Army. The research is based on waqfs dating back to those centuries, the records of which, predominantly in the form of transcripts, may be found in the Archives of the Gazi Husrev-Bay's Library in Sarajevo. It is indicated that over the period of several decades of the recovery of Sarajevo from the suffering of 1697, maktabs were rebuilt and supported for the greater part from endowments made by the citizens of Sarajevo, who donated their own property. In addition to rebuilding those maktabs which had been built next to mosques in the previous centuries, the citizens of Sarajevo also set up independent maktabs, away from the complex of a mosque. The endowments reveal that a rather widespread form of educational support provided by the citizens benefactors, both men and womene, was to allocate the income from an endowment for the teacher salaries. In that way, income for teachers was supplied in situations when the fundamental waqf from which a maktab was supported had been depleted. Examples show that benefactors assigned appropriate duties to the teaching staff in their waqf, which secured them (muallims) additional income. Support to educational opportunities was also reflected in giving gifts to students. Some benefactors specified that a portion of the income from an endowment was to be used to buy clothes for underprivileged students. Most often, students of a maktab, as well as other poorer inhabitants of a street block (mahalla) received from a waqf free bread, particularly in the holy days. The paper reveals that some citizens of Sarajevo allocated in their last will a one-off aid to maktabs from their inheritance. It also presents examples of private maktabs which were set up by wealthy, learned citizens to educate young people. Charity in general, particularly the one which was donated through the institute of waqfs, represented an important aspect of the activities of citizens in the Ottoman period. With those actions for the benefit of maktabs they supported educational opportunities in their own social communities. It was that very form of charity work that the citizens of Sarajevo maintained in the decades that followed after the end of the Ottoman rule.

Реукраїнізація авангардного мистецтва як процес ідентифікації української культурної спадщини

Метою статтіє простежити процес деколонізації українського мистецького модернізму 1910-х –1930-х рр. від відкриття в мистецтвознавчій критиці феномену «українського авангарду» до його історико-культурної ідентифікації як самодостатнього явища європейської культури. Прикладне завдання полягає у сприянні популяризації відомих імен і пам’яток українського авангарду як актуальної культурної спадщини України. Методологія дослідженняґрунтується на поєднанні загальнонаукових та спеціально-історичних методів з принципами об’єктивності, історизму, системності, науковості та верифікації. Наукова новизнароботи полягає у тому, що на основі мистецтвознавчої, культурологічної, історичної літератури і документів проаналізовано виникнення та розвиток російського і європейського авангарду першої третини ХХ ст.На цій основі здійснено спробурозкрити феномен «українського авангарду» не тільки в художній сфері, а й осмислити його через історичну площину деколонізації. Процес реукраїнізації включає, по-перше, повернення ряду імен всесвітньо відомих майстрів (О.Архипенко, О.Богомазов, Д.Бурлюк, О.Екстер, В.Єрмилов, К.Малевич, В.Меллер, А.Петрицький тощо) на карту української культури; по-друге, визнання їх непересічної ролі в зародженні, становленні російського і радянського авангарду; по-третє, реінтеграціюукраїнського складника в європейському модернізмі і переосмислення впливовості української мистецької мови на європейську художню культуру. Висновки.Український авангард є самодостатнім оригінальним історичним явищем в європейській культурі. Його виключність зумовлена поєднанням європейських інноваційних мистецьких тенденцій з етичними нормами й естетичними ідеалами української народної культури. Поліетнічністьі демократичність українського авангарду визначили і активно вплинули на постання російського авангарду. Відтак останній не слід характеризувати як суто здобуток російської культури.

Польський національний рух у Галичині під час Першої світової війни

Метою статті є дослідження розвитку польського національного руху в Галичині під час Першої світової війни. Методи дослідження: аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, проблемно-хронологічний, історико-системний. Наукова новизна: вперше у вітчизняній історіографії комплексно досліджено ґенезу польської національної ідеї в Галичині в 1914–1918 рр. та діяльність місцевих польських політиків задля її реалізації. Висновки: Завдяки ліберальному політичному режиму Австро-Угорщини польський національний рух Галичини наприкінці ХІХ ст. – на початку ХХ ст. досяг значних результатів. Тому польська політична еліта бачила (у початку І світової війни) шанс для звільнення від Російської імперії польських земель та відновлення своєї національної держави. На думку більшості представників польського національного руху, досягнення цієї мети мало базуватись на підтримці та тісному союзі з Габсбурзькою монархією. Унаслідок усі польські партії Галичини та їхні представники у Віденському парламенті урочисто стали на сторону Австрії та Четверного союзу у світовому конфлікті. На першому етапі світової війни польське суспільство краю з ентузіазмом підтримувало Австро-Угорщину та допомагало формувати національні підрозділи у складі австрійської армії – польські легіони. Ситуація зазнала кардинальної зміни після підписання Четверним союзом договору з Українською народною республікою. Таємний додаток до цього документу передбачав поділ Галичини за національною ознакою. Це підірвало довір’я польського політикуму та суспільства до Відня. Крім цього, американський президент В. Вільсон у січні 1918 р. у своїх «14 тезах» гарантував відновлення польської держави з виходом до моря. Зі вступом у війну США на стороні Антанти Четверний союз практично втратив шанси на мілітарну перемогу. Тому наприкінці 1918 р. польська політична еліта Галичини усвідомила потребу об’єднання задля відбудови Польської держави в кордонах 1772 р. без підтримки Четверного союзу.

Szkolnictwo średnie w Złoczowie w latach 1730–1918

The first secondary school in Złoczów, the Piarist college, was founded in 1730 or 1731 by Jakub Sobieski, the son of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski. It functioned for over half a century and was liquidated ten years after the first partition of Poland by the Austrian Emperor Joseph II Habsburg (in 1783). Later, for 90 years, Złoczów did not have a secondary school. Efforts to restore a secondary school in the city began in 1842. They lasted over 30 years. In 1873, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to establish a lower secondary school in Złoczów with four classes. In 1878, the City Council obtained a provisional (for one year) consent from the Minister of Religious Affairs and Education to create a fifth grade. Over the next three years, she obtained provisional approvals to create sixth, seventh and eighth grades. As a consequence, for four years (1878/79–1881/82), the school was formally a lower gymnasium, and in fact a provisional upper secondary school. From the school year 1882/83, the school formally became a secondary school. During World War I, the school did not work for a year, because Złoczów was under Russian occupation. Later, it operated in extraordinary conditions in the frontline zone. Pupils of the oldest classes were drafted into the Austrian army or joined the Polish Legions. Among the outstanding graduates of the gymnasium, it is worth mentioning Stanisław Sobiński (1872–1926) – the director of the Real School in Tarnobrzeg and the 6th Junior Secondary School in Lviv, the first superintendent of the Lviv School District, murdered by Ukrainian nationalists. In the years 1873/74–1913/14, a total of 168 teaching staff were employed. Among many outstanding ones, Ludwik Kubala can be mentioned. He gained recognition as a scientist and popularizer of history.

The Austro-Sardinian War (1859) and the Seven Weeks’ War (1866) in Habsburg Schoolbooks

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Habsburg government had a very complicated task of inventing some form of supranational identity as an alternative to nationalist programs in Cisleithania. It sought to craft this supranational identity first and foremost as part of the self-images of schoolchildren as future citizens. One of the major ways to create and solidify a notion of a common “Austrian” identity in school history classes was to highlight the Habsburg wars, triumphal and bloody battles, and military heroes as reminders of an integrated supranational past. Official instructions obliged teachers to emphasize the “heroic times of Austria,” its “glorious battles,” and its “valiant wars,” as emphasis on these episodes of the past, it was hoped, would further the development of “the idea of the integrated statehood in Austria.” In this article, I offer an example of this cult of the Austrian wars in school education by the ways in which the wars fought during the early period of Francis Joseph’s rule, namely, the Sardinian war of 1859 and the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866, were taught to later generations of schoolchildren. Ironically, the fact that Austria lost these wars was humiliating. Nevertheless, during the late period of Francis Joseph’s rule, narratives and visual depictions of the events of these wars in schoolbooks strongly contributed to the formation of a heroic image of the Austrian army and to the idea of just Habsburg rule. I focus in my discussion first on how the accounts of the wars in schoolbooks deviated from the historical facts and, second, on how these accounts nonetheless furthered the emergence of the “Austrian” identity.

Pioneers of Industrialization in Western Galicia: The Baruch Family in the Nineteenth Century

The article is a commentary on and supplement to an autobiographical text written by a descendant of a family of Jewish industrialists active in Podgórze and Krakow in the nineteenth century. The Baruchs moved from supplies and trading to industrial operations. Although the factories producing fl our, bread and building materials operated in the Krakow area, they mainly supplied the city and the Austrian army stationed there. The family achieved a high social status, which was manifested during public ceremonies. International and local competition led them to abandon their industrial activity. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/filozoficka-fakulta/katedra-historie/10984/

Komandir Sibirskogo korpusa general-poruchik I. I. Shpringer

The article examines the biography of Lieutenant General I.I. (Johann) Springer, commander of the Siberian Corps in 1763-1771, a major military figure and one of the most famous administrators of Siberia of the XVIII century. 1.1. Springer came from the nobility of Estonia, served in the Russian army since 1738. Starting from 1752, he carried out secret assignments of the Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin abroad. In November 1756, I.I. Springer was sent by S.F. Apraksin to the Austrian army and became the Russian representative at the headquarters of the Austrian army. After the breakup of the union of Russia and Austria in 1763, He was sent to Siberia to command the military forces of the Siberian Corps.

The Traditional Romanian Folk Dance in Şieuţ, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, as Part of the Winter Traditions and Customs. Carol Singers and the “Beer”

"The present study focuses on the custom of “Beer”, a remarkable event that shaped the evolution of the communities that were part of the Second Romanian Border Regiment at Năsăud, a military unit of the Austrian army in Transylvania between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It focuses specifically on the Şieuţ village and the detailed manner in which this social event was organized by the village’s young men between Christmas and the New Year, when young villagers could attend the “Beer”, an important occasion for social interaction. This research is based on a series of interviews with active community members from then and now and aims to offer an overview of the custom’s meaning and structure. According to tradition, during the Nativity Fast, young men would follow the call of the “bucin” and meet at the house of a host to plan the event. They were assigned the roles of “vătafi” and “colceri” who hired musicians for the event, while the “căprari” were responsible for collecting the traditional pastry received by carol singers. On Christmas Eve, they grouped and went caroling throughout the village. After the Christmas church service, the traditional folk dance (“Beer”) started at the host’s house. The traditional festive garments, the young men going caroling or the traditional men’s folk dance from Şieuţ, included in the UNESCO World Heritage, represent elements of this custom that have survived the passage of time, integrating the traditional into modern life. Keywords: Şieuţ, ”Beer”, Romanian folk dance, tradition, carol "

Novověký vojenský tábor jako archeologická lokalita. Výzkum polního ležení v Semonicích u Jaroměře (okr. Náchod) / An Early Modern military camp as an archaeological site. The excavation of the field camp in Jaroměř–Semonice (northeast Bohemia)

The study addresses the archaeological excavation of the military field camp of the Prussian or Austrian army from 1745, 1758 or 1778. Features with a burnt layer, apparently field kitchens, and other features that probably served as dwellings were documented at the site uncovered during the construction of the motorway in northeast Bohemia. The burial of a man was found in the ditch that was part of camp fortifications. The find assemblage is composed primarily of items that can be regarded as waste and lost items.

Umundurowanie Chorągwi Piechoty Węgierskiej Buławy Polnej Koronnej w latach 1752–1768

The uniform of the Hungarian Crown Field Mace Infantry Banner in the years 1752–1768 has not been the subject of research so far. The author of this text presents the evolution of the uniform, equipment and partly armaments of the unit on a rich source basis from the resources of the National Archives in Krakow. The banner had a red-sapphire uniform with traditional Hungarian accents (e.g. long trousers, a zupanik instead of a vest, a Hungarian yarn belt, a saber tie, etc.), also observed in the Austrian army in Hungarian regiments.

Strateški interesi Rusije u Rusko-austrijsko-turskom ratu (1735-1739) prema francuskim obaveštajnim izvorima

This paper is an analysis of the Russian strategic interests during the Austro-Russian-Turkish war (1735-1737) and is based on unpublished sources of French origin. The reports which Colonel Jean-Jacques de Beausobre (1704-1783) compiled as a direct witness of the conflict are of key importance in the study of this subject and to date have not been given the attention they deserve. Having chosen a military career, de Beausobre distinguished himself as a man with deep knowledge of the theory of war. For this reason, he was engaged in observing the conflict, sending regular reports to the French government. De Beausobre was posted as French military attaché to the Austrian army, spending much time in the Austrian General Staff. From this position he was able to collect intelligence, which he then dispatched to the French Ambassador in Vienna. Occasionally, he would even personally visit the Austrian capital and Paris in order to convey the information he had gathered. The intelligence mission of Colonel De Beausobre shows the great interest France had for the outcome of the war and the country's intention to position itself favorably in European diplomacy at the time. From De Beausobre's reports it is possible to see that he was able to see through Russian strategic interests in the war and his activities proved of great value for French diplomacy, which achieved great success at the Belgrade peace talks.

Prusko-francouzská válka v kramářských tiscích

The study deals with the Franco-Prussian War in chapbooks. This conflict provided the last major stimulus for this medium, which gradually disappeared in the second half of the 19th century. Chapbooks on the subject of the Franco-Prussian war comprised mostly broadside ballads, but prayers and small prose prints were created as well. The importance of satirical songs significantly increased at that time. The article studies the interpretation of the war conflict in chapbooks, especially the glorification of French commanders and the authors’ hatred for Prussian soldiers, which stemmed from the defeat of the Austrian army in 1866. Attention is also paid to reflections on the main figures in the conflict (Napoleon III, Otto von Bismarck). The paper shows the genre diversity of chapbooks in the second half of the 19th century, at a time when they were gradually disappearing.

УКРАЇНЦІ СХІДНОЇ ГАЛИЧИНИ У ВІЙСЬКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ: ПОГЛЯД ЧЕРЕЗ СТОЛІТТЯ (ІВАН ТЕОДОР РУДНИЦЬКИЙ)

The article is devoted to the activity of Ivan Theodor Rudnytzky, a military, social and political figure and a lawyer. His life is a vivid example of the fate of many Ukrainians from Galicia, who dedicated their lives to the struggle for Ukraine’s freedom and independence. Archival records, other documents and his memoirs were used to reclaim his name from oblivion.This article is the biography of one of the unsung heroes of Western Ukraine’s struggle for independence. In offers a brief genealogy of the Rudnytzky family and dwells on the formation of his character- beginning with Ivanʹs birth in Galicia (village Bedrykivci), on February 20, 1886 to 1920.Based on Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Austrian archival materials and on secondary literature and memoirs, author traces the eventful life of an Austrian and, later, Ukrainian military officer, lawyer and freedom fighter who, although little known today, was one of the chief architects of the historic 1918 November Uprising in Lviv.While crystallizing the personality of her subject and describing his activities in military and civil life, both in Ukraine and in emigration, the author offers glimpses of new and heretofore unknown historical facts as well as insights into Zeitgeist of the inter and post bellum periods in Ukraine.Juli 1910 he is member a student demonstration at the University of Lviv. Beginning with the 1914, it describes Rudnytzkys career in the Austrian army, where he served as a commander of a machine-gun regiment and was wounded on the Italian front.It discusses as a key member of the Ukrainian Military Committee, which prepared the November Uprising of 1918, his work in the Ukrainian Galician Army. In Massаrykʹs Czechia (1920-1927), I. Rudnytzky served as a representative of the Ukrainian Galician Army in Vienna as well as a military attache in Prage until 1927.

“Poor Boy, you are bound to die”? The Pluralization of Military Masculinity in the Austrian Army from 1950 to 1970

Spezialeinheiten sind elementarer Bestandteil gegenwärtiger militärischer Interventionen und häufiges Motiv in der Populärkultur. Dieser strategische und symbolische Bedeutungsgewinn wird oft als Militarisierung und Maskulinisierung gedeutet. Im Beitrag argumentiert der Autor dafür, die Pluralisierung militärischer Männlichkeiten in den Blick zu nehmen, die Spezialeinheiten mit sich brachten. Dies wird anhand einer Analyse der Konflikte dargelegt, die die Einführung eines Spezialeinheitentrainings im österreichischen Bundesheer der 1960er-Jahre auslöste. Die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit war in Österreich von einem Prozess der Konstruktion einer nationalen Identität geprägt, in dem staatsbürgerliche und militärische Männlichkeiten eng miteinander verflochten wurden. Anhand zeitgenössischer Fernsehreportagen werden breitere gesellschaftliche Diskurse zum Verhältnis von Staat und Militär ausgeleuchtet, um zu zeigen, wie das „Jagdkampf“-Training als eine gefährliche Pluralisierung militärischer Männlichkeiten gesehen wurde, die einen Bruch zwischen staatsbürgerlicher und militärischer Männlichkeit darstelle. In einem Ausblick wird anhand einer gegenwärtigen PR-Kampagne des Bundesheeres gezeigt, welche diskursive Arbeit das Bundesheer in die positive Neubesetzung des Jagdkommandos als Eliteeinheit investiert. Es integrierte daher plurale militärische Männlichkeiten und ist bemüht, dies für die gesellschaftliche Anerkennung des Militärdienstes nutzbar zu machen.

Gospodarcze skutki okupacji Galicji przez wojsko rosyjskie w 1809 roku

Economic consequences of the occupation of Galicia by the Russian army in 1809 The intervention of the Russian army in Galicia in June 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition, was formally the implementation of the alliance with Napoleon (the Treaty of Tilsit). In reality, Russia was concerned with preventing territorial expansion of the Duchy of Warsaw and hoping for a possible seizure of some Austrian lands. The costs of maintaining the Russian army had to be covered by the inhabitants of the part of Galicia they occupied. The value of food, forage supplies and taxes collected to supply Russian troops, as well as requisitions, amounted at least to 5.87 million florins. That was a serious sum, all the more so because taxes had already been collected from Galicia and the supplies were transferred to the Austrian army. However, these burdens have not led to the collapse of the country’s economy. This was partly due to the fact that only the beneficiary of military supplies changed: the Russian army took the place of the Austrian army. The several-month stay of the Russian army in Galicia contributed to the weakening of the economic and military potential of the Habsburg monarchy at the final stage of the war of 1809, as the state was deprived of the inflow of financial and material resources from its north-eastern areas before the Treaty of Schönbrunn.