Augmented Reality Models Research Articles

Resolving the Urban Dilemma of Two Adjacent Rivers through a Dialogue between GIS and Augmented Reality (AR) of Fabrics

Keelung Harbor, which is the most important center of sea freight in northern Taiwan, suffers from deteriorating urban development due to limited land supply. A dilemma arose from the Asahikawa River and the Tianliao River fronts, which evolved from cultural landscapes to buried and truncated rivers. This research was aimed at resolving the urban dilemma of the two adjacent rivers through a dialogue between the physical and augmented interaction of fabrics in three scenarios: GIS to AR, AR to GIS, and both. The physical dynamics were used to trace development chronologically by the area and length assessed from historical maps of hydrogeography, architecture, and the railroad. The augmented dynamics involved AR-based simulations and comparisons in terms of skyline overlay, fabric substitution, and fabric disposition. The dynamics involved AR models made by UAV images and 3D drawings. The assessments and simulations determined the key event in Keelung history when the Asahikawa River was leveled up. The dilemma verified from the augmented dynamics facilitated comprehension of the evolvement of the physical dynamics. With the assistance of AR and GIS, we concluded that the specific instance of riverfront reconstruction was an important landmark of meta-relationship.

Using Integrated Hands-on and Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality (AR) Approaches in Construction Management Education

ABSTRACT Traditional learning methods may not sufficiently engage students and many have studied VR and AR’s impact on student learning. Many construction management (CM) students have difficulty visualizing a building structure and understanding the materials and methods used to build it. This research investigated the use of a physical hands-on construction exercise integrated with VR and AR as a way to improve student visualization ability and learning of the course material. In this study, students built a physical model of a wood frame structure using K’NEX viewing either 2D drawings, 3D drawings, VR or AR models. Students perceived the VR, AR, and hands-on activity, as beneficial for improving their visualization of building structures. They also noted improvement in their understanding of construction materials and sequencing compared to using 2D drawings. In addition, the use of VR and AR improved student communications skills. This research is significant because it adds information on integrating hands-on and VR or AR approaches, in the same activity, to further improve CM student visualization skills and their learning of the course material. The integrated hands-on and VR/AR activity could be used by other CM programs that are interested in applying an active, learning-by-doing, approach in their curriculum.

Gesticulating Biochemistry: Exploring the Impact of using Augmented Reality Models on Students’ Usage of Gestures when Talking about Biochemistry

There are multiple examples in the literature highlighting the connection between gestures and meaning‐making by students learning chemical concepts in chemistry; however, there is little known about whether this connection extends to student learning in biochemistry. Moreover, learning biochemistry often involves the use and coordination of multiple external representations (ranging from 2D illustrations and physical models to 3D virtual models) of macromolecules. How does use of these external representations impact student gesture production and meaning‐making when learning new biochemical content? In this study, we used a newly developed augmented reality (AR) model of the KscA channel to investigate the influence of external representations on student produced gestures during a discussion on KscA function. We focused on several research questions: what are the different biochemistry content knowledge that students express through gestures? What are the different types of gestures and patterns of gesture production used by students to express content knowledge? What are the differences, if any, in student produced gestures before and after the introduction of an AR model? What are the relationships between student produced gestures and the AR model? Semi‐structured clinical interviews were conducted and recorded through Zoom. Seven undergraduate students who enrolled in an upper‐division biochemistry course participated in the interview. During the interview, participants were presented with an AR model of KcsA channel after proposing a theory of how potassium ions move through the channel. Participants were then asked to modify their theory. In the first stage of analysis, interview participants’ utterances were transcribed and their gestures were described in terms of hand shape and movement. The identification of unique gestures as part of the coding process highlighted the importance of hand shape vs movement vs a combination of both as ways to delineate different gestures. In the second stage of analysis, qualitative and quantitative differences in student gesture production were identified through a comparative analysis of student gestures before and after their exposure to the AR model. Exposure to the AR model resulted in a shift from gestures that were more general (for example, holding two hands parallel to represent the channel) to more specific to the channel representation they say (for example, holding two hands to form a funnel shape or curling one hand into a tube shape). Our findings add to existing literature on the use of external representation in biochemistry education by highlighting the relationships between AR mediated external representations and gesture mediated external representations. Implications for both the development of new external representations and instructor’s choice of external representations are discussed.

When molecules come to life – Using Augmented reality for studying protein structure in Cell Biology class

Most Undergraduate Biology courses cover an incredibly large range of topics integrating complex information at molecular, cellular, genetic and at the organismal level. Translating concepts from one level of thought to another and crossing disciplines equally and fluidly largely depends on how well students understand the structure‐function relationship at the micro and macro level. A survey of the literature shows that despite having encountered these structures of biomolecules in their earlier courses, students lack an ability to visualize molecules and interactions. Most classroom curriculums use textbooks and lecture slides with straightforward two‐dimensional structures that make it hard for students to visualize these macromolecules. To improve motivation and to promote student interactivity, in Cell Biology classes I have used molecular models in Augmented reality to reform content delivery by using interactive active learning techniques. This presentation will discuss ways for instructors to implement Augmented reality in their classes to help students better understand concepts of structure and function of Biomolecules.

증강현실 모델 위치 정합 활용을 위한 기계학습 기반의 선박 블록 윤곽선 검출 연구

As interest in autonomous ships is growing, research on augmented reality-based remote support systems that can be used onboard ships is being conducted. The markerless method is more suitable than the marker method because corrosion and damage can easily occur in the ship. However, in the case of the markerless method, a process of selecting a desired feature point is required, but it is not easy in a complicated ship. Therefore, in this study, the outline detection system was studied to utilize the outline as a feature point for augmenting the augmented reality model. Although many existing studies have preceded it, it is not suitable for detecting the contour of a ship block with many internal and external components. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of the previous method, in this study, to detect only the outline of a ship block, a model was built through CNN, GAN, and Segmentation algorithm, which are deep learning techniques widely used in image processing, and block outline detection was performed. It is also expected that these results will help automate and optimize the stockyard management system.

A Systematic Scoping Review of Human-Dog Interactions in Virtual and Augmented Reality: The Use of Virtual Dog Models and Immersive Equipment

Virtual reality is beneficial from a research and education perspective as it allows the assessment of participants in situations that would otherwise be ethically and practically difficult or impossible to study in the real world. This is especially the case where the assessment of human behaviour in the presence of stimuli (e.g. an aggressive dog) is being measured which could potentially constitute a risk in a real-world environment (e.g. a dog bite). Given that the dog is the most popular companion animal species, to date there is limited research that identifies and reviews the use of virtual and augmented reality directly relating to human-dog interactions. Furthermore, there also appears to be no review of the equipment and dog model specifications, such as dog breed and behaviours, which are currently used in these studies. As a result, this systematic scoping review searched ten databases to assess the current use and specifications of dog models which directly focused on human-dog interactions. Ten articles were identified. Six related to assessment or treatment of dog fear/phobia (cynophobia), three included multiple animal phobias, including dogs, and one article investigated the human and virtual dog interactions whilst walking. Six articles used a single breed (German Shepherd, Beagle, Doberman, and Rottweiler). Both the breed and behaviours displayed lacked justification and were often not evidence based. Specific measurements of model quality (e.g., polygons/vertices) were reported in only two articles which may affect repeatability and make comparisons between studies difficult. The virtual reality equipment (e.g. CAVE, head mounted display) and navigation methods (e.g. joystick, mouse, room scale walking) used varied between studies. In conclusion, there is a need for the accurate development and representation, including appearance and behaviours, of dog models in virtual and augmented reality. This is of high importance especially as most of the research covered in this review was conducted with the aim to treat the fear or phobia of dogs.

Evaluating the content accuracy of augmented reality applications on the Solar System

Advancements in mobile technologies have accelerated mobile Augmented Reality (AR), and many applications have been developed and presented in online stores. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the AR model of the Solar System simulated in mobile AR applications located in the Google Play Store. The applications were examined in the store between 1 December 2020 and 1 January 2021. A criterion was developed and 23 applications were determined that met the criterion. The mobile AR applications were coded according to a coding scheme devoted to evaluating the content requirements of the Solar System. The results showed that the applications do not meet the requirements of the model of the Solar System. In addition, the applications are insufficient to accommodate the gravity, inertia, scale, and system formation that are the requirements of the teaching of the Solar System as a whole. The results also revealed that the applications have the potential to lead to similar misconceptions as mentioned in the literature. The results suggest that the applications should be developed or reviewed by specialists or teachers before using in science classrooms. In addition, research on AR should be more focused on the quality of mobile AR applications in online stores.

Essential Competence as a Determiner of Learning Media Development in Network-Based on 3D Augmented Reality in the Pre-Teacher Civil Engineering Education Study Program

The purpose of this study was to determine and apply (1) the Augmented Reality (AR) development process; (2) AR model design; (3) application of AR technology; and (4) the results of AR development that can be used as a support for learning methods in the Building Engineering Education Study Program for the implementation of the 2020 curriculum. Adequate teaching materials are needed so that prospective professional teachers can quickly learn learning materials using the latest learning facilities and meet the demands of 21st-century learning. The main material that must be mastered by prospective professional teachers of the Construction and Housing Engineering Expertise Program include statics, building construction, construction drawings, and construction management. The number of materials contained in each main material requires mapping of essential competencies that must be mastered by prospective professional teacher students as the basic material for learning the Construction and Housing Engineering Expertise Program. The essential competencies that have been identified are used as materials for developing 3D AR-based learning media that can be delivered online so that they can be accessed by students without being limited by the dimensions of space and time. The results of the development of learning media will make it easier for prospective professional teacher students to learn the main content.

Ubiquitous learning: the effect of LingAR application on EFL learners’ language achievement and the realization of their motivation towards mobile learning

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of mobile learning, a growing body of research has been carried out to assess the efficacy of this education method. To resolve the existing gap in the literature regarding new ways of mobile learning, the researcher aimed to study 120 Vietnamese students’ achievements once they employed two models of learning (LingAR Application model and Augmented Reality model). About the students’ achievement in the two kinds of individual learning, those instructed by the Application model outperformed those who learned English by the Augmented Reality model. Finally, to get some information about the students’ motivation towards using augmented reality technology in their language learning, the researcher conducted a real-time focus group interview, and then, they extracted some themes from students’ answers, and participants indicated different merits and drawbacks of the Augmented Reality model of this application. Keller’s motivational model (2010) was adopted to analyze this interview. These results offered valuable insights into the successful implementation of LingAR applications in the field of education. Also, they highlighted possible factors that could establish the basis for future experimental research. The author suggested further study with more subjects from more cultural contexts with broader sample size.

Prototype of a Transition Metal Visualization App for the Learning of Stereochemistry in a General Chemistry Course: Initial Findings and Reflections

As part of COVID-19 preparedness, a student-developed, Android-based app was used as a pre-laboratory learning aid for a molecular modeling laboratory in a first-year general chemistry course. A worksheet activity with trigger codes and questions related to spatial features of transition metal complexes was designed. Using the Transition Metal Visualization (TMVis) app, learners activated augmented reality models on their mobile phones. Actual models were then constructed in class. Mean stereochemistry post-laboratory grades increased with stronger worksheet grades, though differences between worksheet grades for app and non-app users were not significant. Feedback revealed that approximately 60% of respondents preferred the physical modeling kit, citing ease of visualization and hands-on interactivity as its key strengths. Improvements for future work were proposed in light of the results and limitations.

Components of Adaptive Augmented Reality Model for Heritage Mobile Application

Adaptive augmented reality (AAR) is the latest concept of the augmented reality that responds and adapts to a real-time context and thecharacteristics of the users. This concept is said to provide adaptation of 3Daugmented reality, better engagement and more emotional experience to theusers. In AAR, the information is provided to the users through interaction tracking and sensor on the device. However, this technology is still in itsinfancy. Therefore, a study to explore positive ways of providing relevantinformation that can enhance user experience is urgently required. Theobjective of this paper is to identify the components of an AAR model forheritage mobile application. It is hypothesized that such model would enhance user experience and provide better engagement. Consequently, models from past studies on Augmented Reality, UX Design and storytelling are reviewed. Findings indicate that personalization and emotion are among the important components. Inclusion of these components seems to allow users to be more engaged and inspired to learn about the cultural heritage, hence enhances user experience.

Context-Aware Augmented Reality Using Human–Computer Interaction Models

Augmented Reality is a technique that allows users to overlap digital information with their physical world. The Augmented Reality (AR) displays have an exceptional characteristic from the Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective. Due to its increasing popularity and application in diverse domains, increasing user-friendliness and AR usage are critical. Context-aware is one approach since an AR application can adapt to the user, environment, needs and enhance ergonomic principles and functionality. This paper proposes the Intelligent Contextaware Augmented Reality Model (ICAARM) for Human–Computer Interaction systems. This study explores and reduces interaction uncertainty by semantically modeling user-specific interaction with context, allowing personalised interaction. Sensory information is captured from an AR device to understand user interactions and context. These depictions carry semantics to Augmented Reality applications about the user's intention to interact with a specific device affordance. Thus, this study describes personalised gesture interaction in VR/AR applications for immersive/intelligent environments.

A Fast and Accurate Spatial Target Snapping Method for 3D Scene Modeling and Mapping in Mobile Augmented Reality

High-performance spatial target snapping is an essential function in 3D scene modeling and mapping that is widely used in mobile augmented reality (MAR). Spatial data snapping in a MAR system must be quick and accurate, while real-time human–computer interaction and drawing smoothness must also be ensured. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of several spatial data snapping algorithms, such as the 2D computational geometry method and the absolute distance calculation method. To address the issues that existing algorithms do not adequately support 3D data snapping and real-time snapping of high data volumes, we present a new adaptive dynamic snapping algorithm based on the spatial and graphical characteristics of augmented reality (AR) data snapping. Finally, the algorithm is experimented with by an AR modeling system, including the evaluation of snapping efficiency and snapping accuracy. Through the experimental comparison, we found that the algorithm proposed in this paper is substantially improved in terms of shortening the snapping time, enhancing the snapping stability, and improving the snapping accuracy of vector points, lines, faces, bodies, etc. The snapping efficiency of the algorithm proposed in this paper is 1.6 times higher than that of the traditional algorithm on average, while the data acquisition accuracy based on the algorithm in this paper is more than 6 times higher than that of the traditional algorithm on average under the same conditions, and its data accuracy is improved from the decimeter level to the centimeter level.

DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D CADASTRE AUGMENTED REALITY AND VISUALIZATION IN MALAYSIA

Abstract. This paper discusses the capabilities of cadastre augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization in enhancing the stratified property visibility and information of the current strata plan in Malaysia. Currently, 2D information representation from the 2D+1D cadastre system is seen to be insufficient in serving real land management of the 3D aspect and property. Hence, toward a better digital 3D strata/property registration and land administration system in Malaysia, this study has explored the process in utilizing AR and 3D model to the current strata plan to enhance digital strata information contents and enabling the virtual strata plan presentation. The software used to develop the AR application smartphone was Unity3D software while Autodesk Revit applied to develop the 3D model and preparation of strata information. The interesting findings has been shown in this study. First result showed 3D models and strata parcel’s attribute that has been developed for AR digital content preparation. Secondly, this 3D-AR processes can continuously gather of user’s ambient information, conduct real-world recognition, and obtain real-world perception through smartphone device. Lastly, with utilization of AR technology in strata, it provides a more information to the strata plan without needing to change the current format of strata plan as the information are being displayed virtually onto the reality. With the integration of augmented reality and 3D visualization, the documentation of stratified properties in strata plan is potential to be enhanced from 2D planimetric to 3D representation. overlaid 3D model of the stratified property and standard strata information virtually on the present strata plan which has created an enhanced reality. This can allow the information to be viewed by more stakeholders with less restriction by using smartphone device.

Augmented Reality 3D Heart as Learning Media at Midwifery Lab University of 'Aisyiyah Surakarta

Abstract— Utilization of Information Technology (IT) in the process of delivering information has been developed rapidly. Currently, the latest technology used in the delivery of information is Augmented Reality (AR) technology.. Pada teknologi Augmented Reality (AR), pengguna dapat menvisualisasikan objek atau benda bersejarah dalam bentuk 3 dimensi. Augmented Reality (AR) has the advantage of being interactive and real time so Augmented Reality (AR) is widely implemented in the field of education as a medium to introduce historical objects which are cultural heritage or objects related to a science..Augmented Reality (AR) has the advantage of being interactive and real time, so Augmented Reality (AR) is widely implemented in various fields. Based on the explanation of the study, researchers are interested in conducting research using information technology in the health sector, by making Augmented Reality (AR) modeling to facilitate the community and midwifery students in providing learning about human organs, especially the heart which can be used digitally without having to dissect human organs and bringing him a modeling of the heart with the presence of a 3D heart organ provides convenience in learning to the public about the function and structure of the heart digitally.Keywords :3D, Augmented Reality, Heart 3D Design.

Medical student training using augmented reality and cadaver-free brain models by UpSurgeOn: an educational effectiveness study

Medical student training using augmented reality and cadaver-free brain models by UpSurgeOn: an educational effectiveness study

Challenges and Opportunities for Integrating Augmented Reality and Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling under the Framework of Industry 4.0

The industrial requirements change rapidly due to the technological advancements, and the need to immediately investigate prospective system alternatives to develop a more efficient production system design is more intense than ever. Manufacturing systems simulation as a key technology of Industry 4.0 is a powerful tool towards optimizing manufacturing processes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can help smart factories gain a competitive advantage due to low cost, low risk and the provided meaningful insights. However, while CFD tools can provide users with precise simulations, there is strong need for interactive design and analysis tools. Additionally, fluid flow behavior is a challenging problem for cognitive interpretation and visualization. Therefore, engineers/technicians need to visualize the behavior of the desired flow field to improve their cognitive ability in problem-solving. As a result, Augmented Reality (AR) technology is proposed as the solution for an enhanced virtual learning and training environment in smart factories. To address these challenges, this research work presents an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) framework for simulation and visualization of selected monitored values based on AR and CFD in a cloud-computing environment for the intuitive visualization of the data on smart devices. The applicability of the proposed framework has been validated in a real-life case study derived from an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) supplier of Industrial refrigerator systems.

Augmented reality: the smart way to guide robotic urologic surgery

The development of a tailored, patient-specific medical and surgical approach is becoming the object of intense research. In robotic urologic surgery, where a clear understanding of case-specific surgical anatomy is considered a key point to optimizing the perioperative outcomes, such philosophy has gained increasing importance. Recently, significant advances in three-dimensional (3D) virtual modeling technologies have fueled the interest in their application in the field of robotic minimally invasive surgery for kidney and prostate tumors. The aim of the review is to provide a synthesis of current applications of 3D virtual models for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy. Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Database, and Embase were screened for literature regarding the use of 3D augmented reality (AR) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy. The use of 3D AR models for intraoperative surgical navigation has been tested in prostate and kidney surgery. Its application during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy has been reported by different groups as influencing the positive surgical margins rate and guiding selective bundle biopsy. In robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, AR guidance improves surgical strategy, leading to higher selective clamping, less healthy parenchyma loss, and better postoperative kidney function. In conclusion, the available literature suggests a potentially crucial role of 3D AR technology in improving perioperative results of robot-assisted urological procedures. In the future, artificial intelligence may represent the key to further improving this promising technology.

The role of augmented reality in revitalizing the tourist space of the built heritage via perception

Successive Technological innovations have provided new possibilities for activating tourism in the built heritage sites. Augmented reality (AR) technology is considered is emerging as one of the technologies witnessing great demand from the authorities concerned with the places of built heritage. Therefore, there is a need to study this technology and its potential to improve the perception of the tourist space in order to activate it in tourism where this topic was not covered in previous studies. The aim of the research is to develop a theoretical framework that explains the perceptual aspect of augmented reality and its role in revitalizing the tourist space of the built heritage. The research thus goes to review previous studies on the relationship between built heritage and augmented reality technology, then it presents the basic concepts about revitalizing the tourist space and the perceptual aspects of augmented reality technology, indicators of the conceptual framework are extracted and discussed. The framework represents a tool in enhancing the design and construction of augmented reality models for the built heritage, as well as the possibility of using it to assess the perceptual aspect of these models with the aim of revitalizing the tourist space.

The Potential Applications of Augmented Reality in Fetoscopic Surgery for Antenatal Treatment of Myelomeningocele

To develop a preoperative planning method using augmented reality (AR) of a specific surgical procedure: fetoscopy for myelomeningocele repair. Imaging data were acquired of a pregnant woman at 27 weeks of gestation whose fetus was diagnosed with myelomeningocele. The patient was identified as a candidate for fetoscopic repair of the spine defect, and an AR application for mobile device simulation was developed. The virtual customized model was created by analysis of the presurgical magnetic resonance imaging. A real-time AR interface was developed by using an application that enhanced the anatomical aspects of both mother and fetus. A virtual model for planning fetoscopy repair for myelomeningocele was developed. Preoperative and postoperative procedures were successfully carried out, emphasizing the beneficial role of the AR application. The use of the AR model allowed the multidisciplinary team to engage in discussion to determine the appropriate surgical approach. It also allowed a clearer explanation of the procedure to the parents enabling a better understanding of the parents regarding specifics characteristics of their baby's spine defect. This new preoperative platform using a virtual model represents an important tool to improve patient's comprehension, multidisciplinary discussion, and surgical planning. In addition, it can be used worldwide as a teaching tool in the fetal surgery field.