Auger Electron Signals Research Articles

Lithium-based transition-metal oxides for battery electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. I. LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy were used to analyze untreated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 powder obtained from TODA America. X-ray photoelectron and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, Ni LMM, O 1s, C 1s, Al 2s, Ni 3s, Co 3s, Al 2p, Ni 3p, Co 3p, and Li 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show carbon with only minor sulfur contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Al 2s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, and Li 1s lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed powder surface of LiNi0.2Co0.03Al0.1O0.7.

The Joy in imaging the Auger Electron Signal in a FESEM using a Segmented Annular BSED and Stage Bias

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Epitaxial SrRuO3/SrTiO3(100) analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze an epitaxially grown SrRuO3/SrTiO3(100) single crystal thin film. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with O 1s, Ru 3p, C 1s, Ru 3d, Sr 3p, Sr 3d, Ru 4p, Sr 4s, O 2s, and Sr 4p core-level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core-level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Ru 3p, and Sr 3d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of SrRu0.92O3.41.

Monte Carlo simulation of Auger electron emission from thin film on substrate

A Monte Carlo simulation of production and emission of Auger electron signals in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) has been performed to calculate the dependence of Auger electron intensity on film thickness for a film/substrate specimen. The electron spectrum is simulated, covering the energy range from the elastic peak down to Auger electron peak, by including bulk loss peak of electronic excitation. This simulation is based on the use of Mott’s cross section for electron elastic scattering and Penn’s dielectric function approach to electron inelastic scattering. Bulk plasmon excitation peaks contributed from both film and substrate are found in the low loss region near the elastic peak and the AES signal peak. The background subtraction was then performed for the simulated Auger electron spectrum, leading to obtain the approximate exponential decay behavior of Auger signal intensity varied with the film thickness. It is found that single value of effective attenuation length (EAL) is not enough for an accurate measurement of film thickness. We define two attenuation parameters to characterize the decay functional shape used as the calibration curve for accurate film thickness determination if the universal expression on experimental condition will be found.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 1. Fresh electrode

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze a fresh LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathode. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, S 2p, P 2p, and Li 1s are presented. In addition, XP spectra were obtained using incident Mg Kα radiation at 0.98903 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, and C 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor sulfur contamination.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 6. Following calendar-life test for 2 weeks at 70 °C, 60% state-of-charge (3.747 V)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze rinsed and not rinsed LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathodes following calendar-life testing at 70 °C, 60% state-of-charge. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, P 2p, and Li 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 5. Following calendar-life test for 8 weeks at 60 °C, 60% state-of-charge (3.747 V)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze rinsed and not rinsed LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathodes following calendar-life testing at 60 °C, 60% state-of-charge. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, P 2p and Li 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 3. Following calendar-life test for 12 weeks at 40 °C, 60% state-of-charge (3.747 V)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze rinsed and not rinsed LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathodes following calendar-life testing at 40 °C, 60% state-of-charge. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, P 2p, and Li 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals. Both cathodes show only minor nitrogen contamination.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 2. Following 3 formation cycles

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze rinsed and not rinsed LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathodes following 3 formation cycles. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, P 2p and Li 1s are presented. In addition, XP spectra were obtained using incident Mg Kα radiation at 0.98903 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, and C 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and the not rinsed cathode shows only minor sulfur contamination.

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery positive electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 4. Following calendar-life test for 8 weeks at 50 °C, 60% state-of-charge (3.747 V)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze rinsed and not rinsed LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based high power lithium-ion battery cathodes following calendar-life testing at 50 °C, 60% state-of-charge. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic AlKα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, P 2p and Li 1s are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals.

Is It Possible to Image the Auger Electron Signal in a Conventional SEM Using a Segmented Annular BSED and Stage Bias?

Journal Article Is It Possible to Image the Auger Electron Signal in a Conventional SEM Using a Segmented Annular BSED and Stage Bias? Get access BJ Griffin, BJ Griffin Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AA Suvorova, AA Suvorova Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DC Joy, DC Joy Center for NanoPhase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JR Michael JR Michael Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 606–607, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616003883 Published: 25 July 2016

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 5. DyScO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available DyScO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Dy 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, Dy 4p, C 1s, Dy 4d, Sc 3s, Dy 5s, Sc 3p, Tb 5p, and O 2s core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Dy 4d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of DySc1.03O2.29.

Single Crystal Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 2. YAlO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available YAlO3(110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with O 1s, Y 2p, C 1s, Y 3d, Al 2p, Y 4p, and O 2s core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Y 3d, Al 2p lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of YAl1.06O2.48.

Single Crystal Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 4. (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7(001)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7 (001) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with La 3d, O 1s, C 1s, Sr 3p, Ta 4d, La 4p, Sr 3d, Al 2s, La 4d, Al 2p, Ta 5p, La 5s, Ta 4f, O 2s, Sr 4p and La 5p core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sr 3d, La 4d, Al 2p Ta 4f lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of La0.34Sr0.88Al0.82Ta0.43O3.

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 3. GdScO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available GdScO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Gd 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, Gd 4p, C 1s, Gd 4d, Sc 3s, Gd 5s, Sc 3p, O 2s, Gd 5p, and Gd 4f core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Gd 4d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of Gd1.07ScO2.21.

Single Crystal Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 3. LaAlO3(001)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available LaAlO3(001) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with La 3d, O 1s, C 1s, La 4p, Al 2s, La 4d, Al 2p, La 5s, O 2s and La 5p core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, La 4d, Al 2p lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of LaAl1.03O2.23.

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 4. TbScO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available TbScO3(110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Tb 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, C 1s, Tb 4p, Tb 4d, Sc 3s, Tb 5s, Sc 3p, Tb 5p, and O 2s core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Tb 4d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of Tb1.07ScO1.88.

Single Crystal Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 5. NdGaO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available NdGaO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ga 2p, Nd 3d, O 1s, C 1s, Nd 4p3/2, Ga 3s, Nd 4d, Ga 3p, Nd 5s, O 2s, Ga 3d and Nd 5p core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Nd 4d, Ga 3p lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of Nd1.13GaO2.17.

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 2. NdScO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available NdScO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with O KLL, Nd 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, C 1s, Nd 4p, Nd 4d, Sc 3s, Nd 5s, Sc 3p, O 2s, and Nd 5p core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Nd 4d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of NdSc1.14O2.94.

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 1. PrScO3(110)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available PrScO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Pr 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, C 1s, Pr 4p, Pr 4d, Sc 3s, Pr 5s, Sc 3p, O 2s, and Pr 5p core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Pr 4p lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of Pr1.12ScO2.29.