Auditory Reaction Research Articles

Speech disfluencies and delayed auditory feedback reactions of stuttering and non-stuttering children.

25 male stutterers and 25 male non-stutterers matched by age and speaking task, read or recited under conditions of normal and 113-, 226-, 306-, 413-, and 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback. Disfluency counts were correlated with delayed auditory feedback reactions which were changes in disfluencies under delay conditions. Pearson product-moment correlations were negative and significant for the combined group of stutterers and non-stutterers under all delays used. Correlations for stutterers were negative and significant for 113, 226, 306, and 413 msec. delay. For the total group of non-stutterers, all correlations were negative and significant. Correlations for age groups within the stuttering and non-stuttering groups were also presented.

Attention and reaction times to signals of uncertain modality.

Visual, auditory, and tactile reaction time (RT) signals were used in an a-reaction task. The main independent variable was the predictability of signal modality, which was varied by cuing the relevant modality or modalities before each trial. The response requirement was nondiscriminative with respect to modality. Three experiments showed that (a) RT's were longer when signal modality was uncertain, the more so with three possible modalities than with two; (b) this effect of uncertainty was approximately the same whether varied within subjects or between subjects; and (C) the effect of uncertainty was somewhat smaller on tactile RTs than on visual or auditory RTs. Experiment 4 examined change in this uncertainty effect with practice. The uncertainty effect declined over 11 daily sessions to the point of virtual absence from auditory and tactile RTs but was restored or increase will respect to all three signals following one session of discrimination RTs ("respond if visual, refrain if auditory or tactile"). The results are interpreted as showing that attention can be allocated to sensory modalities and that the implied selective process is concerned with modality "identification," though not in a way consistent with a channel-switching model thereof.

Study of rhythms in auditory perception and simple reaction times

Abstract The possibility of the occurrence of rhythmic variations in the activity of the nervous system has been demonstrated by longitudinal studies on male and female subjects. The studies included measurements on ‘absolute’ pitch and simple reaction times. Both sets of measurements showed an approximately two weekly rhythm in the female subject which was linked to the menstrual cycle. In the male subject, ‘absolute’ pitch measurements indicated a rhythm of approximately 20 days in length. The reaction time measurements also demonstrated this rhythm together with a shorter approximately 5 day cycle superimposed. Further studies in which the stimulus for the reaction time was triggered by different phases of the cardiac cycle demonstrated that these two male cycles could be separated from each other.

Reaction times and early negative components of evoked potentials.

SummaryThe relation of the evoked potentials to the reaction times was studied in three ex‐perimental situations. Each of the situations contained two different stimulus‐reaction paradigms that were predicted as different reaction times.First, the reaction times were compared between the visual simple reaction with and without warning signal (click). The reaction times were significantly shortened in the simple reactions with warning signal. In these cases, although the early negative component of the evoked potential to the imperative stimulus was seemingly de creased, the negativity of the evoked potential was compared with the evoked potential without warning signal, because the warning signal preceding the imperative stimulus produced the negative potential shift (CNV).Second, comparison was made between simple and choice visual reactions. The reaction time was significantly lengthened in the choice reactions, and the augmentations of the early negative components of the evoked potentials were prolonged up to the delayed reactions.Third, comparison between visual and auditory reactions was made in simple reactions. Mean reaction time of ten subjects was 253.4 msec in visual and 185.5 msec in auditory reactions. These reaction times matched respectively the latencies of their early negative potentials; short reaction times in the auditory reactions matched the short latencies of the negative potential in the auditory evoked potentials, and long reaction times in the visual reactions matched the long latencies of the negative potential in the visual evoked potentials.In the light of these facts, the significance of the negative potential preceding the re action was discussed with regard to the activation of the perceptual processes.

A behavioral evaluation of brain-scan estimates of lesion size.

SUMMARYThe possibility that the brain scan can be used to estimate the magnitude of a cerebral lesion is tested by correlating the volume of a lesion calculated from its scan image with [1] a functional deficit in simple reaction time and [2] its volume measured from pathological data. In 20 patients with unilateral lesions of the right hemisphere, significant correlations were obtained with both auditory and visual reaction times. For cases of primary tumor, the correlations were highest and indicate that reaction time is elevated in direct proportion to lesion volume. An error of about 30% in estimating actual lesion volume from the scan is indicated. For metastases and vascular lesions, the correlations between scan volume and reaction time were positive but not statistically significant. In 23 cases with lesions of the left hemisphere, on the other hand, reaction time and scan volume were not correlated, although reaction times were higher than for normal subjects. In 7 cases of primary tumor that came to autopsy, a correlation of +.87 was obtained between lesion volume estimated from the brain scan and from pathological data.

Relationships of auditory and visual reaction times to reading achievement.

To determine the relationship between reading achievement and the reaction time of an individual responding to auditory and visual stimuli present in his perceptual field Ss were selected at random from Grades 2, 4 and 6. S lifted his finger from a key as rapidly as possible at the onset of any one of four stimuli (red or green light, high or low tone). Shifting reaction time was not independent of reaction time in either the auditory or visual channel. Hence, the possibility that relative perceptual difficulties could exist in shifting behavior while no defect existed in either single channel was not supported. Perception defined as the reaction time of an individual responding to auditory and visual stimuli was not significantly related to reading achievement.

Relationship of the Interval of Time between Paired Auditory and Visual Stimuli and Reaction Time

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the interval of time between paired auditory-visual and paired visual-auditory stimuli and hand reaction time. Two groups of ten subjects each were used, and the interval of time between stimulus presentation was manipulated within the range 50 to 500 milliseconds. The results supported previous reports citing characteristic delays in second response reaction times when the interval between stimulus presentation was 0.5 seconds or less. An analysis of the compatibility of results with proposed theories concerning the psychological refractory period as the cause of these characteristic delays was made.