Auditory Reaction Research Articles

The Effect of Fundamental Movement Skills Education with Rhythm on Auditory Reaction and Coordination Parameters

The Effect of Fundamental Movement Skills Education with Rhythm on Auditory Reaction and Coordination Parameters

EFFECT OF CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION ON VISUAL AND AUDITORY SIMPLE REACTION TIME AND REACTION ASYMMETRIES

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of cerebral lateralization on visual and auditory simple reaction time and reaction asymmetry in young adults. For this purpose, 52 individuals were divided into 3 groups according to hand preference and their audio-visual reaction times were measured and compared in both hands. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program. After testing for normality and homogeneity, one-way analysis of variance and LSD correction were performed for multiple groups. According to the data obtained, it was determined that hand preference had no effect on reaction time and reaction asymmetry (p>0.05). As a result, it can be said that lateralization has no effect on reaction time and reaction asymmetry.
 
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Auditory Information Accelerates the Visuomotor Reaction Speed of Elite Badminton Players in Multisensory Environments.

Although vision is the dominating sensory system in sports, many situations require multisensory integration. Faster processing of auditory information in the brain may facilitate time-critical abilities such as reaction speed however previous research was limited by generic auditory and visual stimuli that did not consider audio-visual characteristics in ecologically valid environments. This study investigated the reaction speed in response to sport-specific monosensory (visual and auditory) and multisensory (audio-visual) stimulation. Neurophysiological analyses identified the neural processes contributing to differences in reaction speed. Nineteen elite badminton players participated in this study. In a first recording phase, the sound profile and shuttle speed of smash and drop strokes were identified on a badminton court using high-speed video cameras and binaural recordings. The speed and sound characteristics were transferred into auditory and visual stimuli and presented in a lab-based experiment, where participants reacted in response to sport-specific monosensory or multisensory stimulation. Auditory signal presentation was delayed by 26 ms to account for realistic audio-visual signal interaction on the court. N1 and N2 event-related potentials as indicators of auditory and visual information perception/processing, respectively were identified using a 64-channel EEG. Despite the 26 ms delay, auditory reactions were significantly faster than visual reactions (236.6 ms vs. 287.7 ms, p < 0.001) but still slower when compared to multisensory stimulation (224.4 ms, p = 0.002). Across conditions response times to smashes were faster when compared to drops (233.2 ms, 265.9 ms, p < 0.001). Faster reactions were paralleled by a lower latency and higher amplitude of the auditory N1 and visual N2 potentials. The results emphasize the potential of auditory information to accelerate the reaction time in sport-specific multisensory situations. This highlights auditory processes as a promising target for training interventions in racquet sports.

EFFECT OF REACTION TRAINING ON DURATION AND REACTION TIMES

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of reaction training on reaction time and speed in tennis players. For this purpose a total of 18 tennis players; 9 male (age; 13.33 ± 1.80 years) and 7 female (13.85 ± 2.19 years) were voluntarily participated the study. In this study, the reaction training program, which was applied for 2 days a week for 12 weeks, was prepared in addition to tennis training. In the reaction training, exercises suitable for visual and auditory reaction were used. Before and after the 12-week reaction training, a 30 m speed running test and reaction time tests were performed. Whether the data showed normal distribution was analyzed with the Shapiro Wilk test and it was determined that the data did not show normal distribution. Mann Whitney U test was used in comparisons between the two groups. Wilcoxan Signd Rank test was used in the comparisons made before and after the training. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was seen that both the physical characteristics and performance parameters of males and females in our study group were not statistically different (p&gt;0.05). For this reason, all subjects were taken into consideration regardless of gender in comparisons before and after tennis training. After the reaction training program applied to the subjects, it was determined that the 30 m speed performance values were shortened in duration compared to the pre-training period, that is, the speed improved (p &lt;0.01). When the reaction time values were compared before and after the training program applied, it was seen that the reaction time values improved significantly after the training (p &lt;0.01). As a result, reaction training performed in tennis players’ increases speed and reaction time performance. Reaction training is recommended in sports branches where this type of motor is important.

Effectiveness of the influence of rehabilitation physical education on the psychological and physical status of people

The research work deals with the actual problem of visual impairment in children at an early age, which creates difficulties in the accumulation of sensory experience, which delays the formation of mental processes. Children with visual impairments have specific peculiarities of activity, communication and psychophysical development, which are manifested in lagging, impairment and originality of the development of motor activity, spatial orientation, the formation of ideas and concepts, in the methods of object and practical activity, in the peculiarities of the emotional and volitional sphere, social communication, integration into society, adaptation to work. The authors developed a rehabilitation complex of physical exercises and studied the effectiveness of its influence on the psychophysical status of children and adolescents at the age of 10-16 years with visual impairments. In the course of the study (groups of children with visual impairment at the age of 10-14 and 15-16 years), it was found that the author's rehabilitation complex of physical exercises has a positive effect on the performance of tests characterizing the psychomotor reaction to a simple auditory and motor reaction, the sound version of the corrective test , contact coordination, hand strength and endurance, tapping test (strength of the nervous system) in children with visual impairment, and it can be recommended for widespread use by specialists to work with children at the age of 10-16 years with visual impairments to improve the psychophysiological state and improving the quality of life.

BAŞLANGIÇ KEMAN EĞİTİMİNDE KULAKTAN ÖĞRETİMİN GÖRSEL VE İŞİTSEL REAKSİYON ZAMANINA ETKİSİ

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the learning by ear method on the duration of visual and auditory reaction in initial violin education. In the study, pre-test post-test control group model was used from real test models. In the implementation process, the violin lesson in the experimental group was processed without notes based on the learning by ear method, in the Control Group lessons processed using the note. SPSS program was used in the analysis of the data obtained as the result of the measurements. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated statistically, there was a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.5). between the reaction time pre-test - post-test scores of all the variables of the test group. While there was no statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.5). between the pre-test and post-test scores of dominant hand-auditory reaction time for the control group; a statistically significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test scores for the other eight variables (p&lt;0.5). When we look at the final tests of both groups, there was a significant difference (p=.008) in favor of the experimental group, as opposed to expected, only between the points related to the left-hand visual reaction time.

Ocena sprawności komunikacyjnej chłopca z zespołem MELAS

MELAS syndrome is a multi-system mitochondrial disorder, which got its name from the terms of the most common symptoms: myopathy (myopathy), encephalopathy (encephalopathy), lactic acidosis (lactic acidosis), stroke-like episodes (stroke-like episodes). The basis of the syndrome is a genetically conditioned defect within mitochondrial DNA. Non-specific symptoms that occur in this patient include: short stature, paresis, hearing loss, arrhythmia, intolerance to exercise, cognitive impairment, agraphia, apraxia, and articulation disorders. The purpose of the article is to diagnose and analyze the communication skills of a seven-year-old boy, class I student. During the examination of communication skills, understanding and speech delivery, auditory reactions, efficiency of speech organs, articulation, attention, pragmatic and social skills, and verbal fluency were examined.

Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension for Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety, administration, and role of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) in treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease.<br/> DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search using the terms "amikacin inhaled," "nebulized," and "liposome suspension" was performed. Selected infectious diseaseconference posters were also examined for relevant information. In addition, pertinent guidelines were reviewed.<br/> STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: Guidelines for the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections from the American Thoracic Society/ Infectious Diseases Society of America and the British Thoracic Society were used to summarize guidelinebased therapy (GBT). A phase II and a phase III clinical trial were reviewed to evaluate the role of ALIS in the treatment of MAC lung disease.<br/> DATA SYNTHESIS: ALIS is a new formulation of inhaled amikacin (AMK) indicated for the treatment of MAC lung disease refractory to GBT in adults who are not candidates for intravenous AMK. An ongoing clinical trial has demonstrated that once-daily ALIS plus GBT results in higher rates of culture conversion compared with GBT alone by month 6 among patients with a mean age of 65 years. The most common adverse reactions associated with ALIS were dysphonia, cough, bronchospasm, hemoptysis, and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was uncommon.<br/> CONCLUSION: ALIS has been shown to increase culture conversion rates when added to GBT in adults with difficult-to-treat MAC lung disease. ALIS is associated with high rates of pulmonary and auditory adverse reactions and a low risk of renal adverse reactions. ALIS may be an attractive treatment option for older adults who are at high risk for nephrotoxicity.

Detection of cognitive impairment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus by choice auditory and visual reaction times during acute mental stress: A case-control study

Background: Cognitive dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be unveiled by stress test even before it develops at rest. Mental stress testing is easier to administer and can be precisely regulated by the investigator. Mental arithmetic using serial subtraction is the most widely used method to administer stress. Reaction time (RT) widely used to assess cognitive domains such as attention, execution, and psychomotor speed. Investigators have shown that choice RTs are delayed in Type 2 DM. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess cognitive dysfunction in Type 2 DM during acute mental stress without overt cerebrovascular disease or other vascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: After getting medical ethical clearance of our institution, 60 subjects between the given age group (35–55 years) were enlisted in the study. They were categorized into two groups. Group 1 had 30 diagnosed cases of Type 2 DM at least 2 years of duration. Group 2 had 30 gender and age-matched controls. Mini-mental status examination was performed to assess global cognitive function in these groups. Simple and choice auditory and visual RTs (VRTs) were measured during rest and during acute mental stress in these groups to assess cognitive function. Results: There was a significant difference in auditory RT and VRT, both simple and choice in Type 2 DM and controls and these RTs further increased during mental stress (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive function in Type 2 DM deteriorates with acute mental stress.

Cross-modal reaction of auditory and visual cortices after long-term bilateral hearing deprivation in the rat

Visual cortex (VC) over-activation analysed by evoked responses has been demonstrated in congenital deafness and after long-term acquired hearing loss in humans. However, permanent hearing deprivation has not yet been explored in animal models. Thus, the present study aimed to examine functional and molecular changes underlying the visual and auditory cross-modal reaction. For such purpose, we analysed cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and the gene expression (RT-qPCR) of a set of markers for neuronal activation (c-Fos) and activity-dependent homeostatic compensation (Arc/Arg3.1). To determine the state of excitation and inhibition, we performed RT-qPCR and quantitative immunocytochemistry for excitatory (receptor subunits GluA2/3) and inhibitory (GABAA-α1, GABAB-R2, GAD65/67 and parvalbumin-PV) markers. VC over-activation was demonstrated by a significant increase in VEPs wave N1 and by up-regulation of the activity-dependent early genes c-Fos and Arc/Arg3.1 (thus confirming, by RT-qPCR, our previously published immunocytochemical results). GluA2 gene and protein expression were significantly increased in the auditory cortex (AC), particularly in layers 2/3 pyramidal neurons, but inhibitory markers (GAD65/67 and PV-GABA interneurons) were also significantly upregulated in the AC, indicating a concurrent increase in inhibition. Therefore, after permanent hearing loss in the rat, the VC is not only over-activated but also potentially balanced by homeostatic regulation, while excitatory and inhibitory markers remain imbalanced in the AC, most likely resulting from changes in horizontal intermodal regulation.

Additional effects of a cognitive task on dual-task training to reduce dual-task interference

ObjectiveWhen we perform dual-tasks in daily life, task performance is generally reduced. As these reductions in performance (i.e., dual-task interference) are responsible for various accidents such as falls, the repeated practice of dual-task (i.e., dual-task training) is often implemented to reduce dual-task interference. However, the risk of various accidents increases with longer dual-task training, as dual-task interference cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is important to achieve training goals more rapidly during dual-task training. This study sought to determine whether a combination of dual-task training and cognitive tasks would accelerate training effects. DesignThe experimental design included four groups: 1) cognitive task training group, 2) dual-task training group, 3) cognitive task and dual-task training group, and 4) non training group. MethodWe assessed single- and dual-task performance before and after the 2-week training sessions. We adopted a dual-task involving knee extension and an auditory reaction, and used N-back task as a cognitive task. On the other hand, dual-task training was the same method to assess dual-task performance. ResultDual-task interference was reduced in all groups in both the tasks. However, the number of participants in the cognitive task and dual-task training group who achieved a reduction in dual-task cost was significantly higher than those in other groups. ConclusionThese findings could contribute to the development of an effective method for reducing dual-task interference and resolving issues caused by dual-task interference in daily life.

Does narrative drive dynamic attention to a prolonged stimulus?

Attention in the “real world” fluctuates over time, but these fluctuations are hard to examine using a timed trial-based experimental paradigm. Here we use film to study attention. To achieve short-term engagement, filmmakers make use of low-level cinematic techniques such as color, movement and sound design to influence attention. To engage audiences over prolonged periods of time, narrative structure is used. In this experiment, participants performed a secondary auditory choice reaction time (RT) task to measure attention while watching a film. In order to explore the role of narrative on attention, we manipulated the order that film segments were presented. The influence of narrative was then compared to the contribution of low-level features (extracted using a computer-based saliency model) in a multiple regression analysis predicting choice RT. The regression model successfully predicted 28% of the variance in choice RT: 13% was due to low-level saliency, and 8% due to the narrative. This study shows the importance of narrative in determining attention and the value of studying attention with a prolonged stimulus such as film.

THE EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IMPROVEMENT AFTER 8 WEEKS INDIVIDUAL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM ON B1 TURKISH NATIONAL FOOTBALL TEAM

This study aims to evaluate the physical fitness improvement after 8 weeks individual strength and conditioning program on B1 Turkish National Football Team, to reveal their motoric differences and to identify strengths and weaknesses of athletes. 11 male athletes (age ranging between 25,09 ± 3,53) in B1 Turkish National Football Team have participated in this study. Out of these athletes, 9 of whom account for B1 visually impaired football players (footballer) and 2 of whom account for a goalkeeper with no disability. Vertical jump, kneel down health ball throwing, sitting and reaching, 20 m speed, auditory reaction, grip strength, right-left had, pro-agility, anaerobic strength and cooper measurements have been applied with the interval of 8 weeks as pre-test and post-test. All statistical analyses have been conducted by using SPSS 13.0 packet program. While a significant difference has been found in 0.05 level in speed, agility, anaerobic strength and maximal oxygen capacity of the B1 football national team (p 0,05). No significant difference has been found out between pre-test and post-test statistical values of the variables applied to B1 football national team goalkeepers. (p>0,05). As a result, an improvement in positive level has been observed in overall performance parameters of B1 football national team athletes and individual strength and condition training prepared according to 8 weeks pre-test results. Raising interest of B1 football national team goalkeepers to the training and creating a competitive environment could prove useful in increasing overall performance levels. Article visualizations:

Comparative study of auditory and visual reaction time in bus drivers and age matched controls

Comparative study of auditory and visual reaction time in bus drivers and age matched controls

Immediate Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Medical Students

Immediate Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Medical Students

Immediate Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Medical Students

Immediate Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Medical Students

Immediate effect of slow right and left nostril deep breathing exercises on reaction time, pain sensitivity, and temperature of elderly population in Madurai

Background: Falls and fractures are very common in the elderly due to reduced swiftness of the response, decreased attention, and concentration. Normal reference point of temperature and pain threshold also varies in old age adding to their chronic illness. Important factor contributing to this is an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). As nostril breathing exercises were known to modulate the ANS, the present study was done to find out the immediate effect of slow right nostril breathing (RNB) and left nostril breathing (LNB) exercises on reaction time, pain sensitivity, and temperature in the elderly population. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the effect of 30 min of RNB and LNB exercises on auditory and visual reaction time, pain sensitivity, and temperature in elderly individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Department of Physiology of a Private Medical College in Madurai, on 30 healthy subjects aged 50–70 years. Reaction time was measured with discriminatory and choice time reaction apparatus, pain with digital algometer, and temperature with clinical thermometer. Results: A significant decrease in reaction time and pain threshold (P < 0.001 and

Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Comparative study of auditory and visual reaction time in bus drivers and age matched controls

Comparative study of auditory and visual reaction time in bus drivers and age matched controls

Clinical implications of interictal epileptiform discharges in cognitive functioning in CEC syndrome with evolution into epileptic encephalopathy

ABSTRACTIn epileptic encephalopathies (EE), interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) contribute to cognitive impairment. The EE process has been studied in a patient affected by epilepsy with occipital calcification and celiac disease (CEC syndrome) by combining the administration of brain area stimulus specific (visual and auditory) reaction times (RT) during continuous EEG monitoring with the off-line reconstruction of auditory and visual evoked potentials (EP). Visual RT and VEP were abnormal only if recorded concomitantly to the IEDs. Auditory RT and EP were normal. When the EE process is going on, IEDs transiently disrupt aspects of cortical functioning, contributing to the cognitive impairment.