Audit Activities Research Articles

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN FAMILY BUSINESSES

Amaç: Bu araştırmada aile işletmelerinde kurumsallaşama düzeyi ile örgütsel performans algısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 
 Yöntem: Araştırma nicel araştırma desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu İstanbul’da 50 ayrı aile işletmesi sahibi ve çalışanlarından 207 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri tesadüfi anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Anket formunda, kavramsal yapılara ilişkin Likert tipinde beş dereceli iki ölçek ve katılımcılara ilişkin demografik bilgi formuna yer verilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesi için değişkenler arası korelasyon analizi, yapısal model analizi ve ANOVA analizi testleri yapılmıştır. Veriler SPPS 25.0 ve AMOS 25.0 yazılımları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. 
 Bulgular: Korelasyon analizinde, örgütsel performans ile kurumsallaşmanın bütün alt boyutları arasında zayıf, orta ve güçlü ilişikler saptanmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli ile gerçekleştirilen yol analizinde kurumsallaşma alt boyutlarından sadece iç denetim faaliyetlerinin örgütsel performans üzerinde etkisi olduğu bulgusuna varılmış, diğer boyutların örgütsel performansı etkilediği varsayımları doğrulanamamıştır. ANOVA analizi sonuçlarına göre işletmede çalışan sayısı ve işletmeyi yöneten nesle göre bazı düzeylerde farklılıklar saptanmış; şirketin yaşı, mülkiyet yapısı, bulunduğu sektör ve hukuki statüsü faktörlerinde, katılımcıların düzeyleri ile örgütsel performans algısı arasında bir farklılık bulunamamıştır
 Özgünlük: Aile işletmelerinde kurumsallaşma düzeyi ile örgütsel performans ilişkisine dair farklı araştırma sonuçları bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırma pandemi koşullarında ve Rusya-Ukrayna savaşının sürdüğü dönemde yapılmıştır. Böyle bir ortamda iç denetim faaliyetlerinin örgütsel performans algısı üzerindeki etkisine dair kanıt sunulması değerlidir.

National impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical trial staff attrition: Results of the SWOG Cancer Research Network Survey of Oncology Research Professionals.

11049 Background: Severe shortages in clinical trial staffing across the United States and internationally has been anecdotally noted, but data are lacking. To better assess the scope and impact of staffing shortages, SWOG conducted a Cooperative Group-wide survey of Oncology Research Professionals (ORP). Methods: The survey was developed by SWOG leadership and was granted an IRB exemption by Lifespan IRB (Providence, RI). The survey was disseminated by email in January 2022 to Head Clinical Research Associates (CRAs, n = 100) using an inclusive distribution list that goes to the site-identified administrative leader of each SWOG Member and National Community Oncology Research Program institution. The data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at Lifespan. Descriptive statistics were performed and qualitative analysis conducted to identify major themes. Results: The response rate was 87% and 41 of 87 respondents completed the full survey (47%). The majority of respondents were female (89.6%), not Hispanic (87.8%) and White (85.1%). The proportion that identified as Hispanic or Asian was 12.8 and 6.9%, respectively. One participant identified as Black and another as American Indian/Alaskan native. The most common work setting was within an academic medical center (47.9%) and 57.8% held a management or leadership role at their institutions. The majority (79%) used an Institutional IRB for trials not overseen as part of the National Clinical Trials Network. Over 80% of respondents reported their institution is experiencing a personnel shortage due to COVID-19. Proportion who reported this negatively impacted IRB processes was 50%, financial review was 42%, and legal review was 26.9%. On a scale of 0 (none) to 6 (significant), the impact was most significant on audit activities and accrual to trials (both rated 5), transfer of data to sponsors and sponsor visits (both rated 4.5); all other aspects rated a 4, including screening procedures, regulatory activities, and data collection. Ranked reasons for attrition were desire for better pay, seeking better opportunities, and seeking more flexible working conditions. General burn out was ranked as the fourth most common cause. Important themes included increasing trial complexity, morale, lack of support (due to staff shortages), lack of opportunities for promotion, unfilled positions, and the lack of experience of new hires. Conclusions: Over 80% of research programs affiliated with SWOG report staffing shortages due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of these shortages touch every aspect of clinical research. Initiatives to recruit, train, and retain staff are urgently needed. As in other areas of medicine (e.g. hospital nursing), the potential for post-pandemic persistence of this issue requires an immediate national response.

Auditors’ perceptions on work adaptability in remote audit: a COVID-19 perspective

In the context of COVID-19, adoption of teleworking challenges companies' culture and social interaction to foster a creative and innovative workplace. The article aims to identify the auditors’ perception of different factors that influence work adaptability in remote audit activity. The research method is based on multivariate data analysis that consist of correspondence analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and generalised linear ordinal regression. On one hand, findings emphasise that auditors’ perception on the work efficiency of auditors in remote audits is significantly influenced by the digitalization degree of audit activities. On the other hand, the research outlines the main threats and opportunities of remote auditing in the context of the current pandemic restrictions. Where auditors perceive the benefits of remote audit, they appreciate positively the degree of adaptability and work efficiency as regards teleworking. Opportunities perceived lead to enhanced audit activity outcome if audit companies embrace emergent technologies in the new digital workplace. Nevertheless, as transition to remote audit determines increased auditors’ liability and audit risks, auditors are more cautious and sometimes reluctant about future scenarios of remote audit, if innovative emerging audit technologies and integrated GRCs are not used or are not properly implemented. Whatever the future holds for the new digital audit workplace, it is obvious that auditors working from home face specific challenges, because what they earn in efficiency, they lose in benefits that are harder to quantify, such as innovative thinking and creativity.

Forensic accounting tools for fraud deterrence: a qualitative approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand if forensic accounting techniques and tools could contribute to the deterrence of fraud in financial statements, considering the expertise of forensic accountant on ex post activities and that the traditional mechanisms to prevent this type of fraud have not been sufficient to stop the impact on companies, investors, auditors, employees and on society in general.Design/methodology/approachThis research was carried out using a qualitative exploratory study with a phenomenological approach conducted through in-depth interviews with professional experts in the forensic field.FindingsThe findings confirm that the use of forensic accounting techniques and tools could contribute to the prevention of fraud in financial reporting not only when the risk of fraud has been materialized. Similar studies, about fraud prevention addressing the situation under a qualitative approach from the perspectives of its protagonists, have not been observed in the bibliographical review, so this research contributes to expanding the scientific research, the study and practice of forensic accounting.Originality/valueFrom a business management perspective, this study contributes a paradigm shift from the traditional ex post forensic auditing activity toward an ex ante activity to improve management control systems within organizations anywhere in the world. Because this study is guided to prevent fraudulent financial statements, other fraud categories such as misappropriation or corruption could be addressed in other studies and various countries.

Audit Markets in Russia and China

This research describes and analyzes the auditing markets of two world powers, such as Russia and China. Russia has studied the concept of the development of auditing activities. This concept assumes the formation of a system for the development of the audit services market in Russia, which has unrealized opportunities for its improvement, considering modern realities. The article considers the current state of affairs in the industry, the existing legal framework, analyzes the role of the state in the market’s development for audit services in the country. The paper also presents the postulates of auditing in China, whose standards are closest to international norms and guidelines in several important aspects. In addition, China has developed a state audit using an executive regime. As a result of the study, the author revealed the relationship between the audit index and the fact of corruption, and proposed possible key directions for the development of the audit markets in Russia and China. Since audit is becoming an important area of world activity, contributing to the development of the economy, the purpose of this study is to identify the features of the development of the audit markets in Russia and China, its object is the audit market, and the subject is audit activities in these countries.

Особенности перевода терминологических единиц в сфере финансов, аудита и инвестиций с английского языка на русский

The aim of the study is to consider the peculiarities of rendering terminological units from English into Russian when translating special and publicistic texts in the subject area “Finance, audit, and investment activity”. The scientific novelty lies in the formulation of recommendations that will contribute to the development of an optimal translation strategy and the achievement of a maximum possible seman-tic and stylistic identity when translating texts in this subject area. As a result of the study, it has been found that translation of special texts of a financial nature is characterized by a strict approach and maxi-mum correspondence to the source text, while translation of publicistic texts of a financial nature, on the contrary, offers a translator a wide range of tools to achieve semantic and stylistic equivalence due to the peculiarities of a publicistic text as such.

The role of audit committees in improving the earnings quality

The research aims to measure the impact of the audit committee’s characteristics on earnings quality. A set of characteristics of the audit committee have been relied upon, perhaps the most important of which is the independence of the audit committee, its size, activities and experience, and its members ’ownership of the company's shares. The study was applied to a sample of companies in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The optional maturity variable was also relied upon to reflect the earnings quality in the sample under study. The study found the impact of the formation of the audit committee on the companies that make up the study sample for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Where the study found a positive impact on the earnings quality for the independence of the audit committee and the activities of the audit committee and the experience of the audit committee. There is also a positive impact on the audit committee members ’ownership of the company's shares, while there was a negative impact on the size of the audit committee. The study recommended the necessity of increasing the effectiveness of the audit committee in supervising the process of preparing financial reports and increasing the earnings quality.

Повышение престижа аудиторской профессии в условиях гармонизации национальных и международных стандартов образования и профессиональной деятельности

The article was prepared based on the materials of the round table for auditors and financiers, which was organized and held by the Unified Certification Commission on February 18, 2022 with the participation of a wide range of interested persons and the professional community. The discussion of the problems of preparedness of university graduates for the implementation of audit activities, as well as ways to improve the level of training of persons passing the qualifying exam, is aimed at promoting the audit profession, as well as certification of alternative areas of financial activity within the framework of modern state policy in the field of higher education, aimed at "practice-oriented» graduates and their demand among employers.

Employee Satisfaction Towards Integration of Quality Management System: A Case Study of Malaysian Automotive Manufacturer

This paper presents a case study to analyse the workers’ satisfaction level on the implementation of an integrated quality system between the IATF 16949 and Toyota Production System focusing on internal audit activity in one automotive company in Malaysia. The main goal was to validate and investigate the issues and challenges those employees in the organisation faced before and after the systems were integrated. Rasch Measurement Model was used to analyse the data collected. Initially, pilot data were conducted, and the data were used to construct the survey questionnaire with 3 constructs and 47 items. A total of 30 respondents from various departments were assessed with the demographic traits of position in the organization and years of service. From the pre-implementation survey, most of the respondents agreed that too many documents were involved throughout both audits and lack of training for auditee on both systems was the main cause to the ineffective implementation of both systems, particularly at mass production process. Both items were measured below the person mean value in variable map (pre-implementation). After the integrated system, the post-survey analysis proved that too many documents and lack of training were above person mean value in variable map (post-implementation). The results revealed that most of the respondents agreed the integration of both systems has given an effective result and good impact to the organization’s performance.

PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME AUDITOR INTERNAL TERHADAP TINDAKAN KECURANGAN PADA USP SWAMITRA BUKOPIN DI JAKARTA

<p>This study aims to find out how the Effect of Internal Auditor Professionalism on Fraudulent Actions. Internal auditors as people who carry out internal auditing activities, have an obligation to assist management in preventing fraudulent acts, through reviews of the effectiveness of internal controls and providing suggestions for improvement. Professionalism is a measure used to see how well a person carries out his work or profession. Good experience will produce better knowledge than those who do not have sufficient knowledge of the task. The data used in this study were obtained from a questionnaire created by the researcher and filled out by the Internal Auditor of USP Swamitra Bukopin in Jakarta. USP Swamitra Bukopin is a Savings and Loan Unit from the cooperation between the Cooperative and PT Bank Bukopin, Tbk. Based on the results of data analysis that has been carried out by the author at the USP Swamitra Bukopin in Jakarta, regarding the Effect of Internal Auditor Professionalism on Fraud, the authors can conclude that there is a significant positive effect between the X variables on Y, because the value of t-count > t-table (4,878 > 2,069). So that there is an influence between the X variable on Y, or in other words Ho accepts and Ha is rejected. Based on research conducted at USP Swamitra Bukopin in Jakarta, it can be concluded that the professionalism of internal auditors has a significant effect on fraud. Based on the calculation of the regression test, it can be seen that the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.509 or 50.9%, which means that the contribution of the professionalism of the internal auditors to fraud at the USP Swamitra Bukopin in Jakarta is strong. While the remaining 0.491 or 49.1% is influenced by other factors that are not taken into account in this study.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Profesionalisme Auditor Internal dan Tindakan Kecurangan</p>

Expansion of expert activity in the development of Big Data technologies in the context of the fourth industrial revolution

The application of expertise in various spheres of human activity at the present stage of economic development and the forecast of the role and place of a person in expert activity in the context of the fourth industrial revolution are shown. Examples of determining the main actors and the degree of regulation of certain types of expert activity, such as forensic examination, audit, and appraisal activity, are given. Poor ontological and terminological elaboration of examinations in scientific and technical activities and at the level of corporate activities is indicated. With the further development of Big Data technologies, the activity to determine the compliance of events with the criteria and the calculation of all possible risks is assumed by artificial intelligence, and making a decision on the choice of a specific option (expert opinion) and, accordingly, taking responsibility for the consequences will become the key profession of a person of the future. The university, with its experience of working with human potential, becomes the core of the development of expert activity as the future profession of humanity.

COVID 19 Pandemic and the Reaction of the Supreme Audit Institutions. Lessons Learned at the End of the Pandemic

Abstract The article aims to analyze the reaction of the supreme audit institutions during the two years in which the COVID 19 pandemic affected all the states of the world, given the particularly important role that these institutions play in terms of their specific external public audit activity of public resources. At the same time, this paper aims to analyze the main lessons learned by INTOSAI, as the umbrella organization of the supreme audit institutions, as well as by the other SAIs individually, at the end of the pandemic, as a unique experience in the last century.

Внутренний аудит в условиях Индустрии 4.0

The article discusses issues of improving audit activity in the conditions of economic activity in the transition from the economy of knowledge to the economy of mind. Special attention is paid to the concept of improving audit in the conditions of formation of the digital economy.

DENETİM KURULUŞLARININ TÜRK SERMAYE PİYASASINDA DENETİM ÜSTLENME OLASILIĞI ÜZERİNE LOJİSTİK REGRESYON ANALİZİ

Capital Market Boad of Turkey (CMB) has to authority to give audit firms to be engaged in independent audit activity in capital market in Turkey, based on the regulation “Principles Regarding Independent Auditing Standards in the Capital Markets- (Serial: X, No:22)”. Then, it is very likely that these firms engaged operate in a more demanding and competitive environment than the other audit firms’ since these firms have a crucial communication with capital markets’ investors, and stakeholders, through their fianl and vital decision, audit opinion. Altough requirements specified by the regulation, however, prior research do not demonstrate the differences between the audit firms operating in capital markets and the others registered by the Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority (POA). This study aims to examine the firm relevant attributes having an influence on the likelihood of undertaking audits in capital market in Turkey. Through a sample of 349 audit firms registered in POA, logistic regression model results showed that the number of years after being registered by POA, city’s population density of audit firm’s head office, and audit team size increases the audit firm’s likelihood to underrtake audits in capital market of Turkey. The results refer to the effectiveness of auditing standards in the Turkish capital markets and likely to be beneficial both to regulatory authorities and also to independent audit firms.

The concept of the auditor's professional skepticism and its genesis

The paper considers such a fundamental principle of audit as the auditor's professional skepticism. Guided by an integrated approach, the conceptual foundations of professional skepticism, patterns of its origin, its formation and development are determined depending on the understanding of the public function of audit and the auditor's duty to detect the fraud at the appropriate historical stage. It is noted that the concept of skepticism has a deep history and is considered in philosophy, psychology, law and other sciences. It is concluded that in the aspect of audit the methodological skepticism deserves attention, which is not limited to doubt, but is aimed at making sound hypotheses. Their construction and verification are subject to the general laws of gnoseology, which directly apply to the auditor's cognitive activity. Based on this approach, it is proposed to consider a hypothetical judgment in audit activity to identify and assess the risks of fraud from the standpoint of professional skepticism as making and verifying assumptions in the form of a version. Thus, the professional judgment of the auditor, which takes the form of professional skepticism, is necessarily based on the conclusions of the opposite or contradictory judgment. The paper also presents a critical assessment of the Law of Ukraine "On Auditing Financial Statements and Auditing" to determine the content of professional skepticism. The ways to improve national legislation and its conformation with the requirements of International Standards on Audit are proposed.

Internal Quality Assurance Management To Improve Graduate Absorption

This research is motivated by the inability of Vocational School to guarantee the academic quality of its graduates according to the National Education Standards). The method used in this research is a case study method. The results showed that: 1) Planning (Plan) was in accordance with school quality planning procedures, but they still did not understand the stages of quality assurance. 2) In its implementation (Do) there are still State Vocational High Schools that have not formed an Education Quality Assurance Team for Education Units. 3) Monitoring and evaluation in State Vocational Schools has been carried out but quality audit activities are not carried out procedurally by quality auditors. 4) State Vocational High Schools have compiled corrective actions that are outlined in the Work Plan and School Budget and made based on the results of monitoring and evaluation. 5) Almost all State Vocational High School graduates already have a competency certificate from the Professional Certification Institute-P1, but the percentage of State Vocational High School graduates who get a job within one year after graduation only reaches 50%. 6) The obstacle faced is the lack of understanding and awareness of the Principal in improving student academic quality assurance. The solution for State Vocational Schools is to implement a quality assurance system model in stages, systematically and continuously. The conclusion of this study is that in principle, State Vocational Schools have implemented a quality management system but have not succeeded

Внутренний аудит в условиях Индустрии 4.0

The article discusses issues of improving audit activity in the conditions of economic activity in the transition from the economy of knowledge to the economy of mind. Special attention is paid to the concept of improving audit in the conditions of formation of the digital economy.

Анализ результатов мониторинга компетенций аудиторов 2021 года

The article presents the results of the monitoring of auditors' competencies, carried out in September-November 2021 in accordance with the Action Plan for the implementation of the Concept for the development of audit activities in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 12.02.2021 No. 68. Trends in changes the competence of auditors based on global research, current International Standards for Auditing Education and revised International Standards on Auditing. The generalized results of a survey of audit organizations within the framework of monitoring the auditor's competencies are presented.

PENGARUH INTEGRITAS AUDITOR, PEMAHAMAN GOOD GOVERNANCE, DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR PADA KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK DI PROVINSI BALI

Auditor performance can be defined by the ability or capacity of an auditor to produce or provide audit results or findings from an audit activity based on responsibility and also financial management carried out in a particular audit team. This research is intended to be able to carry out testing how the influence of auditor integrity, understanding of good governance, and organizational culture on auditor performance. The population in this study is a Public Accounting Firm in the Province of Bali. This research is quantitative, and while the sampling technique uses purposive sampling method, with this research sample obtained and selected is 48 auditors. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The hypothesis was tested using t-test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the analysis test results simultaneously auditor integrity, understanding of good governance, and organizational culture have a significant and positive influence on auditor performance. Partially, auditor integrity, understanding of good governance, and organizational culture have a significant and positive influence on auditor performance

Transformation of Audit Methodology with the Use of Blockchain and DLT Technologies

The development of blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) technologies stimulates diametrically opposite points of view about the prospects of traditional institutions in the digital economy: from their complete disappearance to a cardinal transformation. This matter also applies to the field of accounting and auditing. The purpose of the study is not only to identify trends in the transformation of the audit methodology but also in an accountant/auditor profession itself by using blockchain and DLT. The conduct of this research is based on the use of the following methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, systemic and logical approach, analogies and grouping. The paper contains an overview of the implementation practice of blockchain technology by the Big Four audit companies, as well as the composition of the main developers and the software products they offer based on the blockchain technology and DLT used in audit activities. There have been identified the key trends in the development of an accountant/auditor professions in connection with the use of blockchain technology and DLT. The conclusion is made about the need for a significant transformation of the audit methodology, as well as the profession of an accountant/auditor in connection with the use of blockchain and DLT, but it is not about replacing the audit institution with these technologies. The authors have formulated proposals and defined the most significant innovations of the classical methodology for conducting an audit of the business processes effectiveness based on the use of blockchain technology and DLT.