Audiovisual Stories Research Articles

Derroteros hipertextuales e intermediales entre el relato periodístico y la ficción cinematográfica: del crimen de Mazarrón a El extraño viaje

Journalism has always been a rich breeding ground for audiovisual stories, but throughout much of the history of Spanish cinema, recognition of the generic label that “based on real events” implies has not been common. Being aware of the difficulties that arise when approaching a canonical work of Spanish cinema such as El extraño viaje (Fernando Fernán-Gómez, 1964) from this perspective, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative study of the transfer that is produced from the narrative journalistic report of the Mazarrón crime (an event that occurred in January 1956) and the fictional account of its film adaptation. This comparative analysis assesses how this transfer occurs, what are the traces of the event from which it derives and what existing documentary references, if any, are recorded in the film credits. We will see how El extraño viaje stands as a paradigmatic example of invisibility and erasure of the factual criminal story from which it comes, forced, among other reasons, by some interferences of reality imposed by the Franco´s regime.

Engaging Students’ Literacy Participation Using Audio Visual Storytelling

The aim of this study is to engage students literacy participation using audio visual storytelling to the students of primary school in the fourth grade. Every day in the first period time of school activities, students would have literacy time whether it was reading stories, books, telling stories, and sharing experiences in front of the classroom. Day by day this kind of activities bored the students. Many students preferred to talk to each other rather than spent the literacy time properly. In this case, the researcher gave another way to engage students literacy participation by giving them audio visual storytelling in order to make all students got the benefit of literacy. The participants of this research were 27 students of fourth grade in primary school. Before the audio visual story telling was given to the students, there were 68% of the students were not participated in the literacy time. After the audio visual story telling was given, all of the students got participated (90%) in the literacy. This research was held at the third months of the odd semester. Literacy was given every day. Audio visual storytelling was given for a week. This is a descriptive research because which described systematically the existing phenomena under the study. Engaging students participation in literacy, in order to motivate them in English literacy time would improve their capability in other skills as well such as: listening, reading, vocabulary, writing, speaking and grammar. The researcher found out that audio visual storytelling is useful to engage students literacy participation in the classroom.

Does the speaker's eye gaze facilitate infants' word segmentation from continuous speech? An ERP study.

The environment in which infants learn language is multimodal and rich with social cues. Yet, the effects of such cues, such as eye contact, on early speech perception have not been closely examined. This study assessed the role of ostensive speech, signalled through the speaker's eye gaze direction, on infants' word segmentation abilities. A familiarisation-then-test paradigm was used while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Ten-month-old Dutch-learning infants were familiarised with audio-visual stories in which a speaker recited four sentences with one repeated target word. The speaker addressed them either with direct or with averted gaze while speaking. In the test phase following each story, infants heard familiar and novel words presented via audio-only. Infants' familiarity with the words was assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs). As predicted, infants showed a negative-going ERP familiarity effect to the isolated familiarised words relative to the novel words over the left-frontal region of interest during the test phase. While the word familiarity effect did not differ as a function of the speaker's gaze over the left-frontal region of interest, there was also a (not predicted) positive-going early ERP familiarity effect over right fronto-central and central electrodes in the direct gaze condition only. This study provides electrophysiological evidence that infants can segment words from audio-visual speech, regardless of the ostensiveness of the speaker's communication. However, the speaker's gaze direction seems to influence the processing of familiar words. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We examined 10-month-old infants' ERP word familiarity response using audio-visual stories, in which a speaker addressed infants with direct or averted gaze while speaking. Ten-month-old infants can segment and recognise familiar words from audio-visual speech, indicated by their negative-going ERP response to familiar, relative to novel, words. This negative-going ERP word familiarity effect was present for isolated words over left-frontal electrodes regardless of whether the speaker offered eye contact while speaking. An additional positivity in response to familiar words was observed for direct gaze only, over right fronto-central and central electrodes.

ShedBox: enabling digital storytelling in men’s sheds

ABSTRACT Men’s sheds are community spaces where older, retired men come together to conduct woodworking and other types of craftwork and DIY activities. There is little research on exploring how technology can help us understand shed members’ perceived values associated with men’s sheds. In order to investigate this further, we designed and deployed a mobile storytelling application called ShedBox for an Australian men’s shed for over six weeks. ShedBox allows shed members to share audio-visual stories. Our analysis of resulting 58 stories and follow-up interviews with 13 shed members unpacked three important themes: a sense of comradery, kinship and companionship present within the shed; material and emotional engagement with the space; and, health and wellbeing of shed members. Our results also highlight a strong masculine culture of the space and how the shed is a site of active learning and engagement for its members. Lastly, our conclusion presents suggestions regarding how such forms of storytelling technology can be leveraged in similar contexts, and also how they can be effectively designed to support different demography.

Spanish-Portuguese Serial Fiction as a Politainment Tool: Representations of Politics on Iberian Television

This article deals with recent Spanish and Portuguese political television series. Within this sub-genre, it is pertinent to consider the symbolic construction of politics, as well as the differences caused by each series’ geographical adscription. Six Spanish productions have been selected—<em>Isabel </em>(Isabella the Catholic),<em> Carlos Rey Emperador </em>(Charles the Emperor King), <em>La Embajada </em>(The Embassy),<em> Crematorio </em>(Crematorium),<em> Vamos Juan</em>/<em>Venga Juan </em>(Come on, Juan/Let’s go Juan), and <em>El Partido </em>(The Party)—along with three Portuguese productions—<em>A Rainha e a Bastarda </em>(The Queen and the Bastard), <em>Teorias da Conspiração </em>(Conspiracy Theories),<em> </em>and <em>Os Boys </em>(The Boys). The narrative of these audio-visual stories has been examined utilising qualitative content analysis, looking at the plotlines and characters involved. The type of characterisation of politics has been identified by means of the deconstruction of the main characters. The conclusion is that the evaluation is eminently negative, although differential frameworks are present, depending, in particular, on the fiction’s genre, either historical drama, drama-thriller, or comedy.

Faites l’histoire vous-même. Des « docutubes » comme outil de connaissances, de réflexion critique, de formation d’opinion raisonnée et de construction d’attitudes

Today’s young people are constantly confronted with a multitude of (dis)information via (social) media. The creation of docutubes helps them to develop a critical attitude. Through an active, collaborative and inquiry-based learning approach, young people learn about a topic on the basis of historical and current sources, then form a substantiated opinion and reflect on which attitude they can adopt. Subsequently, they translate their ideas and opinions into an audiovisual story: a docutube. Next, they reflect on the creative process. In so doing, they combine reasoned thinking with the development of digital literacy.

Телерадіоосвіта в умовах війни: бакалаврські історії кафедри телебачення і радіомовлення

The article deals with the bachelor theses of the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting in Educational and Scientific Institute of Journalism of Taras Shevchenko National University of Ukraine, which were prepared and defended at the department during the first year of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The objective of the article is to accumulate and to analyze the unique experience of the students‘ works in the extreme conditions, as well as to optimize the training of bachelors based on the obtained data. It is significant that all the works created after the start of the full-scale war, directly or indirectly reproduce the life stories of their authors, become the history of the department itself, which continued the educational process during the period of pandemics and quarantines, evacuations and air raids. The following tasks are carried out in the article, and the following conclusions are offered accordingly: firstly, three bachelor‘s theses (stories) are considered, which are indicative of their authors‘ ability not only to “think audiovisually”, but also to propose the certain structural and software technologies that can be used by the next generations of bachelor‘s students – TV and radio journalists during preparation of this type of practical theses; secondly, the experience gained in creation of educational content by the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting in the extreme conditions proved that the television and radio education in Ukraine received a new functional potential during 2020-2022 in almost all Ukrainian schools of journalism due to remote and asynchronous forms of education, is capable to overcome the most difficult challenges and barriers. Using the methods of induction (from partial to general) and deduction (from general to specific), observation and experiment, the authors generalize the statement that during 2020-2022 despite the implementation of all educational and scientific plans, 126 bachelor‘s theses were defended at the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting, 37 of them were defended in 2022 and most of them were the audiovisual stories about “persistence, indomitability and faith in victory”.

The montage cinema and the narrative structure, strengths for the story progression.

The film montage has been and continues to be one of the pillars on which the audiovisual story, like the theoretical foundations have allowed the development and deepening of a cinematographic language grammar. Although, the classic storytelling inaugurated by D.W. Griffith emphasized the invisible nature of montage; Soviet filmmakers, in particular S. Eisenstein pointed to the possibilities that film montage could offer as a communication tool through the association of images and concepts. Nowadays, both design strategies for stories are still valid and are present in all the various forms and formats of audiovisual storytelling. This paper, intend to address the particular case of the feature film Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (Angela Robinson, 2017) whose narrative proposal offers a daring combination of resources. This combination causes the structure and assembly to become fully visible, extremely evident. At the same time, the narrative is strengthened, allowing the storytelling to progress, resorting to film montage strategies to make the audiovisual more effective and attractive to viewers. Therefore, understanding the resources of editing in the chosen feature film and the different effects of meaning, that it manages to achieve are, as a whole, the main objective of this paper.

Inducing narrative tension in the viewer through suspense, surprise, and curiosity

Research into narrative tension is of interest in terms of the progress of knowledge of the processes and mechanisms by which stories are received and enjoyed. We have created four versions of an audiovisual story with three different structures of fiction (suspense, surprise, curiosity) and one of non-fiction. We have investigated the effects of the narrative tension of these stories with four groups of subjects (N=94). The results show that the organization of the stories, depending on their structures of suspense, surprise, or curiosity, induces narrative tension, while the non-fictional story, induces cognitive and affective effects of another kind. Narrative tension appears during narrative progression. It is manifested by cognitive-affective responses that include anticipations, diagnoses, retrospections, and emotions. In narrative tension, curiosity plays a triggering and organizing role in suspense and surprise. The emotions and cognitions that result from narrative tension during plot construction underpin the experience of enjoyment. The Multidimensional Narrative Tension Theory of Enjoyment that emerges from this research allows establishing connections between narrative theory concerned with narrative progression and plot, the psychology of interest, and the psychology of media enjoyment.

Watching Videos on a Smartphone: Do Small Screens Impair Narrative Transportation?

ABSTRACT Smartphones are a preferred platform to access audiovisual stories. Prior theory and research suggest that using smaller screens could lead to a shallower narrative experience. In three experiments we examined the influence of screen size (smartphone vs. computer screen) on the experience of being transported into the world of the story (narrative transportation). We further examined interaction effects with manipulations meant to change transportation by means of reviews (Experiment 1, N = 120), consistency of main character information (Experiment 2, N = 139), and prior information meant to facilitate comprehension (Experiment 3, N = 129). Because our series of studies involved theoretically and practically relevant null hypotheses (i.e., screen size does not influence transportation), we added Bayes factor analyses to standard frequentist statistics. A mini meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the results. Taken together, the three experiments indicate that smaller screen size does not impair narrative transportation. Implications and future research are discussed.

From screenwriting to montage, evidence to understand the evolution of audiovisual narratives

In today’s world, image first and then sound have managed to dominate communication, consolidating a broad and complex language, this phenomenon being the genesis of individual and collective narratives; Therefore, all reflection, in this sense, will help to better understand how to advance in the creation and understand the design of audiovisual stories. Although the cinematographic narrative has been studied, there are still several questions to be resolved in relation to the content of the expanded narratives and the subtle connections between the script and the montage, therefore every effort to reveal these connections is important in order to glimpse grammatical structures, models and particularities in two stages of audiovisual production that are presented as different but that are basically complementary and equivalent. The text presents the grammatical bridges between script and montage, definitive to understand the transformations of the audiovisual story, taking as a starting point two works, Intolerance (Griffith 1916) and Napoleón (Gance 1927), different films that marked transformations in the audiovisual story and they are presented as a turning point to what we know today as complex narratives (Simons) that go beyond the regular forms of the story itself, this phenomenon being more and more vast and exciting. In summary, the text tries to answer the question, What relationship exists between script and cinematographic montage, and what impact has it had on the evolution of audiovisual narratives?

Time Travel, Audiovisual Narratives and TV Fiction: The Bootstrap Paradox in BBC’s Doctor Who

The purpose of this work is to explore the narrative mechanisms that operate in audiovisual stories about time travel, and more specifically in those that address the so-called onthological paradox (also known as bootstrap paradox or causal loop), taking as a case study the British BBC TV series Doctor Who (1963-2020), and especially its modern era, which began in 2005.Onthological paradoxes (those where an infinite cause-effect loop is created, and therefore it is impossible to establish a point of origin of certain events) break, by their own conception, the classical structure of the story by denying the classical notion of ‘ first plot point’. Thus, many of these narratives are forced to seek alternative formulas of temporal architecture based on simultaneity, order distortion or circularity. All these solutions can be traced in many chapters of Doctor Who, particularly in those that fall under the creative direction of Steven Moffat, who in his period as screenwriter (2005-2010) and showrunner (2010-2017) used the concept of ‘time ‘as the main driving force behind his narratives.

The Effectiveness of the Different Patterns of the Digital Story in the Development Linguistic Intelligence Skills and Mindfulness Among Jordanian Primary Students During the Corona Pandemic

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness of the different pattern of the digital story in the development linguistic intelligence skills and Mindfulness in Jordanian primary students during the Corona pandemic. Quasi experimental factorial design was adopted in this research. The researcher designed two patterns of the digital story in the Arabic language course. The study sample consisted of 43 students and were randomly (simple random sample) selected. The study sample was divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 23 students who studied through a written digital story, as for the second group, it consisted of 20 students who studied through the digital audiovisual story. The dependent variables were the linguistic intelligence skills and Mindfulness. The researcher used two scales. The first is to measure linguistic intelligence skills, and the second is to measure mindfulness. Data were collected and appropriate statistical analysis performed. ANCOVA was used to determine the significant differences among the two groups. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to examine the main effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables. The findings of this study showed that students using the digital audiovisual story mode performed significantly better than those students using the written digital story in the linguistic intelligence skills, and mindfulness.</p>

Dental Anxiety Measurement of Children in Abbottabad Using Audio Visual System

Aim: To measure the anxiety and fear in children while visiting dentist and to observe effectiveness of audiovisual assistance to overcome anxiety Study design: Qualitative study Place and duration of study the study is done in Rehmat Memorial Hospital Abbottabad department of operative dentistry, affiliated with Women Medical and Dental College Abbottabad, from December 2014 to February 2017. Methods: Total two hundred children were observed aged between 5-8 years at Rehmat Memorial Hospital Abbottabad under controlled conditions showing cartoons on TV screen by using wireless headphones. There were two main groups divided into the controlled group and uncontrolled group containing one hundred participants in each group. Each patient's pulse rate, heart rate was recorded and live pulse rate was in sight by using wristband with pulse rate detector. Venham's picture test was used to check the correct reaction of the patient for the assessment of degree of anxiety more realistically. Results Controlled group n=100 and uncontrolled group n=100 patient aged 5-8 years treated for various procedures in different appointments. With mean age 6-7 years, Male to female ration of participants in controlled group was 34% and 66% and in uncontrolled group male and female ration was 45% and 55%. Significant reduction in anxiety was noted in controlled group distracted by audio visual stories and rhymes. Conclusion: Both groups were statistically evaluated and the result showed that audiovisual distraction can decrease the anxiety level in the controlled group but couldn't eliminate completely. This issue needs more studies and experiments to resolve anxiety in children completely. Keywords: Dental anxiety, Venham’s picture test, child behaviour

La deriva poética del relato audiovisual

El presente artículo analiza la deriva poética en los nuevos códigos narrativos de formatos audiovisuales, en concreto de los relatos de ficción fílmica y televisiva, para establecer si estos nuevos modos de construcción de la ficción cuestionan o refrendan las sustancias expresivas del discurso poético. La metodología, eminentemente cualitativa, incluyó el estudio de cuatro ejemplos de caso, dos series de ficción de televisión emitidas en plataformas digitales y canales de televisión convencionales y dos películas de distribución cinematográfica. En todos los casos se identificaron indicadores de análisis del reflejo de una realidad con valores inherentes a la escritura poética: intensidad, candor, nobleza y heroísmo, por un lado, y urgencia y necesidad vitales como estímulos creativos. La poesía está inherente en los relatos audiovisuales como una inyección de afectividad que dinamita la acción. El discurso poético metaforiza, sintetiza y nombra, y nuestras ficciones audiovisuales son deudores de este pulso creativo.

Наративні особливості телевізійної верстки новин (на матеріалі випусків 2013–2020 рр.)

The study clarifies the narrative features of the TV layout of Ukrainian TV channels in the period 2013-2020. The first stage of the study – 2015-2018, the initial expert survey – 35 interviews with graduates and editors-in-chief of Ukrainian TV channels. The second stage of the study – 2018-2020, rhetorical analysis of 80 news programs «Podrobyci» («Inter»), «TSN» («1+1»), «Sobytija», «Sjoghodni» («Ukrajina»), «Vikna» («STB»), «Fakty» («ICTV»), «Abzac» («Novyj»), «Novyny» («Pershyj»), «Pidsumky» («Era»), «Chas. Pidsumky dnja» («5 kanal»), «Novyny» («112-Ukrajina»). The third stage of the research is 2020, modeling of TV layout of Ukrainian TV channels, clarification of narrative principles, methods, techniques. Rhetorical analysis and modeling of TV layout were associated with the search for the collected data of the most important topics, compositional schemes, forms of TV stories, etc. (according to the theory of «agenda»). Based on the analysis of the collected and ordered empirical data, standardized approaches in the formation of news releases used by Ukrainian TV channels are revealed – narrative features of news releases as information constructs correlated with social reality. During the research the general scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification: with their help the secondary and primary data were arranged and understood, the results and conclusions were formulated. It was found that the television industry is a sphere of socio-communicative action, a slice of social reality, through which texts are broadcast to the audience, encouraging them to internalize certain ideas, values, to believe in meanings. Because of this, news releases can be interpreted as editorial narratives – plot, dramatic, audiovisual stories about events that happened recently in the life of the country, of the world, of the people. News stories are compiled in accordance with editorial standards, adopted layout model, as well as with typical principles of selection and ranking of topics, ways of presenting information. This encourages us to talk about a special «narrative realism» – an approach in the reflection / construction of the picture of the day. Thus, adequate storytelling is a professional challenge for news channels and a promising research subject in the theory of social communications.

The effect of infant-directed speech on early multimodal communicative production in Spanish and Basque.

We analyzed the effect of infant-directed speech (IDS) on multimodal communicative production of children at the beginning of the second year of life in two different languages: Spanish and Basque. Twelve Spanish and twelve Basque children aged between 12 and 15 months observed two versions of an audiovisual story: one version was narrated with IDS and the other with adult-directed speech (ADS). We analyzed the use of gaze and the communicative behaviors produced by children. The time spent looking at the story increases in the IDS condition regardless of the language of the narration. Children produced more multimodal communicative behaviors while watching the IDS version both in Spanish and in Basque. These results suggest that IDS increases attention and social engagement promoting joint attention episodes.

Neurocommunicative methodologies: attention and emotion of the audiovisual story in the classroom

<p class="Textoindependiente21">Audiovisual content as a learning tool has been incorporated extensively into lecture classes. Emotion-cognition is intrinsic to the functioning of the human brain, and therefore can explain the acquisition of knowledge and competencies in the educational field, and more specifically, the transformative impact on digital natives. Advances in the study of the brain have allowed for quantitative measurement of attentional (EDL) and emotional (EDR) terms. The objective of this article is to analyze and evaluate the correlation between attention and emotion during the viewing of two videos shown in a classroom in the academic space of a university. The method consisted of recording the electrodermal activity of various groups of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising and Public Relations students during the viewing of the two audiovisual stories. The main results and conclusions link characteristics of the audiovisual narrative and technical-expressive qualities and objectives of the videos with the levels of EDL and EDR recorded by the device and establish advanced lines of research in the field of neuroeducation and neurocommunication.</p>

Knowledge of Nutrition and Macronutrients Consumption as Factors Causing Wasting in School Children and Effective Nutrition Education to Improve It

Wasting is a nutritional problem suffered by many school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause wasting in school children and effective nutrition education to improve it. This study is a Research and Development. Population of this research is all of children in 4 elementary schools at Sumbang district, amounts 743. The sample was taken by purposive with inclusion criteria are children who they are in the fourth graders study, amounts 101. Data Analysis by univariate and bivariate analysis by rank speraman and wilcoxon analysis. Lack of knowledge (p value=0.037) and low consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fat (p value=0,000;0.001;0.001) as factors that causes wasting. Wilcoxon analysis results showed that there were differences in sample knowledge given audiovisual media and picture book (p value=0,000). Audiovisual media was most effective for improving students' nutritional knowledge (37.22% vs 12.7% knowledge increase). The results of wilcoxon's analysis on changes in nutritional behavior did not show any differences in pictorial and audiovisual stories (p value=0.644), this means that both are equally effective in improving the nutritional behavior of school children. Suggested to carry out nutrition education regularly to reduce wasting in school children.

El cuerpo inclasificable. Inteligibilidad de mujeres trans/travestis en la serie documental ‘Tacos altos en el barro’

This work analyze the representations of trans / transvestites women in the documentary series Tacos altos en el barro (2012) directed by Rolando Pardo. It tells the stories of Wanda, Killy, Paloma, Daiana, Paola and Zaira. Six trans / transvestite women living in indigenous communities of the province of Salta located in the north of Argentina. The interest will be placed on the strategies that the audiovisual story uses to support the dynamic process of intersectional constructions of the gender inscribed in the regulations of class, sex and race, understanding the margin as the symbolic space to which relegates to the dissidence of the heteronormative system but also in its less metaphorical dimension, related to the geographical dimensions where poverty rests. In this sense, the ways in which the documentary is inserted into the network of hegemonic constructs of the representation of normative agents within the binary system based on sex and on the degree of sexualization of the body, where trans/ transvestites bodies become unclassifiable and against which, the heterosexual matrix operates in its readjustment.