Audience Attitudes Research Articles

Awareness and attitude of students and professors of medical sciences universities toward social determinants of health: Design and preliminary psychometrics of a questionnaire.

BACKGROUND AND AIM:Considering the important role of universities in advancing educational, social, cultural, economic, and political affairs and given the significant and effective role of social determinants of health (SDH) in personal and social life, this study aimed to design a preliminary questionnaire to assess the awareness and attitude of students and professors of relevant medical sciences departments toward the SDH.METHODS:This is a descriptive survey study of the instrumentation type and is done on the students and professors of Isfahan and Kashan medical sciences universities in 2019. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were assessed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the correlation coefficient for each question as well as the total score of the questionnaire were reported for this attitude measurement questionnaire. The difficulty coefficient, optimum difficulty level, discrimination coefficient, and the relevant variance were calculated for every question in the awareness measurement questionnaire.RESULTS:The internal consistency of the questionnaire for the awareness toward the SDH for 15 questions was 0.742. This consistency was acceptable for 18 questions in the attitude measurement questionnaire after omitting two questions with not appropriate distinguishing ability. The difficulty level of the questions was relatively high.CONCLUSION:Given that no tool was observed in the search strategy to measure the SDH, therefore, the design and psychometrics of such a tool can be used to measure the awareness and attitude of the target audiences; since this tool had an acceptable validity and reliability at its initial stages, researchers are suggested to apply it for standardization in different academic societies.

Accessible Film Festival as an Accessible Domain for the Blind and Partially Sighted People

Ankara Engelsiz Filmler Festivali 2013 yılından itibaren engelli bireylerin kültürel ve sanatsal faaliyetlere katılmalarını sağlamak amacıyla düzenlenmeye başlamıştır. 2017 yılına kadar sadece Ankara’da yaşayan engelli olan ve olmayan sinemaseverleri biraraya getiren bu festival aynı yıl Puruli Kültür Sanat’ın İstanbul ve Eskişehir’i de gündemine almasıyla daha çok sayıda engelli seyirciye erişim fırsatını yakalamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Engelsiz Filmler Festivali’nin görme engelli hedef kitlesi açısından ne derece erişilebilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca uygun olarak, festivalin Ankara’da düzenlenen kısmı örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bunun sebebi, festivalin sürekli olarak Ankara’da düzenleniyor olması ve festival burada daha uzun sürdüğü için diğer şehirlere kıyasla Ankara’nın veri toplama açısından daha uygun olmasıdır. Araştırma üç basamaktan oluşur. İlk olarak, festivalin hedef kitleye nasıl ve hangi yollarla duyurulduğu araştırılmıştır. İkinci olarak, önce festival posteri, kılavuzu ve gösterim programının tanıtıldığı kitapçığın hedef kitleye nasıl ulaştırıldığı incelenmiş, ardından saha çalışması kapsamında izleyiciler, festivale katılım oranları ve gösterdikleri ilgi açısından gözlemlenmiştir. Üçüncü olarak, festivalin basında nasıl yankı bulduğu araştırılmış ve görme engelli hedef kitlenin festivaldeki sesli betimlemeler hakkında görüşlerinin alındığı ankete yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda festivalin basında, sosyal medyada, internet sitelerinde ve mail gruplarında paylaşıldığı görülmüştür. Festival posterinin, kılavuzunun ve gösterim programının tanıtıldığı kitapçığın görme engelliler için erişilebilir nitelikte olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Saha araştırmasında ise, görme engelli katılımcıların sayısının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, engelli olmayan katılımcıların görme engellilerin de film izleyebileceklerini bilmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Festivalin basında “fark yaratanlar” olarak yer aldığı göze çarpmaktadır. Görme engellilere uygulanan ankette ise, festivalde yer alan sesli betimlemeli filmlerin görme engellilerin beklentilerini karşıladığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, festival görme engelli hedef kitlesi için erişilebilir niteliktedir. Bu çalışma hem görme engellilere yönelik hedef kitle odaklı bir çalışma olması hem de görme engellilerin görüşlerinin yanısıra gören izleyicilerin de sesli betimlemeye yaklaşımlarını ortaya koyması bakımından bir ilk olduğu için önemlidir.

The research impact of broadcast programming reconsidered: Academic involvement in programme-making

This commentary responds to an article by Melissa Grant, Lucy Vernall and Kirsty Hill in Research for All (Grant et al., 2018) that assessed the impact of broadcast programming through quantitative and qualitative evidence. In that piece, the authors attended exclusively to the uptake by, and attitudes of, end users. But viewer or social media statistics can paint a patchy picture, and feedback groups recreate an unusually attentive mode of reception. This commentary argues for an alternative or complementary emphasis on the participation of academics in producing broadcast programming for the purposes of writing REF impact templates. In highlighting the process of programme-making rather than the reception of a completed output, the commentary seeks to 'read' academic impact on the media in a more dynamic way, and speaks to the sometimes substantial and substantive involvement of academics prior to a programme's broadcast and its ultimate effects in the public sphere. Indeed, a focus on the 'front-loaded' impact by academics in the media, and on their longer-term institutional ripple effects, offers evidence that is more easily captured than establishing the attitudes of audiences. The latter are notoriously difficult to determine and, as Grant et al.'s (2018) data show, do not always do justice to the importance of media work as part of impactful academic activity.

Πράξεις τε καὶ δωρεαὶ Σεβαστοῦ θεοῦ

Summary This paper discusses a number of linguistic and interpretative aspects of the Greek translation of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti. Linguistically, the text gives a good idea of the development of Koine Greek at the beginning of the 1st century. Even though the translation is clearly aimed at rendering the Latin original as faithful as possible, there are still a considerable number of deviations from the Latin version which enable us to get a glimpse of the translator, the intended audience and their world views. A number of deviations can be explained as attempts by the translator to tailor the text to the knowledge and attitudes of a Greek-speaking eastern audience. Occasional errors in the translation seem to reveal that the translator was not fully acquainted with Roman institutions, which may be an indication that he was based in the Greek East rather than in Rome. A third group of deviations, finally, appear to point to a different, provincial Greek, attitude toward Roman imperialism and Augustus’ status as monarch.

Users’ psychophysiological, vocal, and self-reported responses to the apparent attitude of a virtual audience in stereoscopic 360°-video

This research analyzes the psychological reactions of participants to the neutral, positive, or negative attitudes of a virtual audience recorded in 360°-video. Participants were asked to deliver three speeches, each accompanied by a different type of reaction from the virtual audience. Measures of user state included questionnaires, psychophysiological measures, and voice recordings. The results showed that, compared to the neutral audience, the negative audience elicited increases in skin conductance level and heart rate variability, decreases in voice intensity, and a higher ratio of silent parts in the speech, as well as a more negative self-reported valence, higher anxiety, and lower social presence. These findings evidence that, even if some attributes that are considered to be central to immersive experiences are lacking, (i.e., interactivity or avatar representation of the user), 360°-video recreations of virtual environments lead to realistic reactions on users. These results support the effectiveness of 360°-video virtual audiences for public speaking training and social anxiety treatment.

The understanding of social danger of crime: results of sociological experiment

The article presents the results of the experiment conducted within a series of lectures focused on the issues of “social danger” and “gravity” of offence in September – December, 2018. Approximately 200 lawyers of different status (students and instructors of law schools, higher education institutions, local prosecutor offices’ officials, as well as parliamentary employees) participated in it. The major idea of the experiment was focused on conducting the first anonymous poll of the participants in real time, which has contributed to ascertainment of lawyers’ common understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the “social danger” issue; presenting concentrated information regarding the issues in practical application of this issue and on the consequences resulting from its application; a subsequent poll; and the evaluation of the change dynamics in audience attitude to the issue of “social danger”. The outcome has proven i.e. the following: lawyers’ understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the “social danger” issue is on the one hand based on traditional approaches present in national textbooks, while on the other hand those do not reflect the reality of the contemporary criminal law application practice; these ideas undergo sharp changes following the familiarization with the history of the appearance of this issue in the national legislation, as well as with the contemporary practice of its application. Contrary to the initial poll, the subsequent poll’s participants’ answers have reflected the negation of a set of claims traditionally present in major Ukrainian Criminal Law textbooks, namely that the characteristic of social danger is being effectively applied as an instrument of criminal liability differentiation and individualization; the characteristic of social danger provides a possibility to distinctly distinguish different types of offences, namely crimes and administrative delicts. Almost all participants also acknowledged the absence of the test (algorithm) allowing unequivocal establishment of the character and degree of a certain deed social danger. Article received 29.03.2019

A Source of a Different Color: Exploring the Influence of Three Kinds of Science Communication on Audience Attitudes Toward Research

Though the contemporary media environment is filled with many different sources disseminating communications about science— including journalists, politicians and opinion leaders, and researchers—few studies have examined how messages about science communicated by different sources directly influence audience opinion about scientific research itself. This experiment (N = 170) used stimuli articles that reflected different presentation sources (3: political/public relations/researcher) and types of science research (2: “hard”/“soft”) to examine effects on people’s attitudes towards the featured research project’s (a) utility and (b) worthiness of federal grant funding, while controlling for individual differences in political attitudes and interest in science. Overall, political-source messages suppressed ratings of the project’s worthiness of funding and utility, and while messages from the researcher source produced greater utility ratings compared to the public relations source for soft science projects, this pattern was reversed for hard science research. Additionally, different sources influenced people’s comprehension of articles they read. We interpret these results within the larger landscape of science communication and conclude with brief practical recommendations for those engaging in science communication.

Co-Creation and Impacts of a Suicide Prevention Video.

Background: Youth suicide has become an emerging public health challenge globally. In this study we leveraged the power of social media to better engage the youth population. Aims: We aimed to investigate the impacts of promoting suicide prevention through social media and evaluate the co-creation process of the project with a popular YouTuber in Hong Kong. Method: A YouTube suicide prevention short film was co-produced by the YouTuber and the research team. We examined the co-creation process using thematic analysis, and analyzed the YouTube video statistics and the data collected from the online survey and public comments. Results: The short film brought positive perceived changes in the audience's suicide prevention knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Three facilitating factors and one challenge of the co-creation process were identified. The short film statistics and demographics of the audience were also extracted and analyzed. Limitations: There was a small sample size and a lack of a control group in this study. Conclusion: Suicide prevention promotion by the YouTuber was promising. This study demonstrates the effectiveness in promoting suicide prevention via social media and provides a framework for future studies to evaluate similar forms of collaborations.

Pre-performance emotions and music performance anxiety beliefs in young musicians

The aim of this study is to investigate the structure and complexity of emotional states experienced by young musicians before entering the stage and to explain the influence of emotional beliefs on their pre-performance emotions. Emotions were elicited with a guided imagery induction, where 222 students aged 9- to 12-years-old recalled their most recent concert memory. They described their emotions on the list of 18 emotions (nine pairs of contrary emotions) and answered three questions measuring music performance anxiety (MPA) beliefs: MPA utility beliefs, MPA regulation beliefs, and audience attitude beliefs. The cluster analysis results show the complexity and multiplicity of emotional states reported by young musicians. Five emotional profiles vary from negative emotions of fear and sadness (High MPA) through a mixture of positive and negative emotions (Moderate MPA, Hesitation, Ambivalence) to positive emotions of confidence, courage and happiness (Composure-Confidence). Beliefs that MPA has negative impact on performance, beliefs of inefficacy in managing MPA and perceived audience pressure rather than support were related to High and Moderate MPA profiles. Practical implications for music education are discussed.

A Research Experience on Reception and Audience Attitudes toward Ceramic Art

Ceramic, began to be recognized as an art phenomenon at the beginning of the 20th century. Although having developed in a way similar to the development process of modern arts up to today, within the same span of time and with the same value, debates have continued about its recognition and being accepted as a true art form. This study, designed as an experimental research project, was conducted to counteract against biased approaches detrimental to the development of ceramic art and to acquire evidence on how to make ceramic art popular as an art function for individuals and social culture. Within the scope of the project, the interests in and knowledge of art in general and ceramic art in particular, as well as the aesthetic experiences of 168 audience members were inquired into via face-to-face questionnaires, which were administered at four solo ceramic exhibitions held in Istanbul and Ankara. Responses to the questionnaire – prepared based on art, ceramic art, reception theory, reception semiotics and art ontology perspectives – were important in terms of revealing the attitudes of audiences toward art and works of art and the problems between the work and audience response, the identification of which is valid for not only ceramic art but also other art branches. According to the results of the questionnaire that the audience members used to evaluate themselves, they had an interest in art in general and ceramic art in particular, but only a few of them actually had a reception experience.

Conversion messages and attitude change: Strong arguments, not costly signals

A conversion narrative recounts the process that led the speaker to reject one belief for a different, usually incompatible, alternative. However, researchers know little about whether, when, and, if so, how such messages affect audience attitudes about controversial science. Using a general US population-sample experiment, we assessed the attitudinal impact of three versions of a statement by Mark Lynas, an environmental activist who converted from opposing to championing genetically modified crops. Participants were exposed to (1) a one-sided pro-genetically modified message by Lynas, (2) a two-sided pro-genetically modified message in which Lynas indicates but does not detail his conversion, or (3) a two-sided pro-genetically modified message in which Lynas explains the process that prompted his conversion. We find that his conversion messages influenced attitudes by way of perceived argument strength, but not speaker credibility. This finding implies such messages induce greater elaboration, which may lead to durable attitudes that predict behavior.

Debate as a form of political communication in modern Russia

The paper discusses debates in modern political communication as a form of public exchange of opinions between two or more parties on topical issues; the dynamics of the attitude of Russians towards political debates from 2003 to 2018; social and political and cultural prerequisites for their role and place in the political life of modern Russia are also analyzed. The purpose of the research is to reveal the role and place of political debates as a form of political communication in modern Russia. Achieving this goal requires consideration of the characteristics and functions of debates, analysis of the reasons and nature of the audience's attitude to political debate. The methodological basis of the research is systemic and structural-functional approaches, sociological, logical and comparative methods. The empirical base is the data of the participant observation. As a result of the research, we came to the following conclusions: - Political debates in modern Russia did not become an active tool of political practice; the interest of Russians in such kind of political communication as a political debate is being reduced. - Socio-political and cultural reasons for this attitude are: the nihilistic attitude of Russians towards political elections as such; features of political culture; the existing political system and the role of the party of power in it; disunity of the opposition; lack of taste for discussion among the majority of the population. - Characteristic features of political debates in modern Russia are the absence of discussion (monologues instead of polemics) or the extremely low professional and ethical nature of their conduct; political debates in many ways take the form of a talk show, or a conversation program. The main feature of the debates in Russia is the non-participation of the main competitor in political debates.

“Thanks for watching”. The effectiveness of YouTube vlogendorsements

This study examines the effectiveness of brand endorsements in vlogs (video blogs) by assessing the role of audience participation, parasocial relationship, and valence toward vlog endorsements on the perceived credibility of the vlogger and brand attitudes. Four experimental conditions were created on Qualtrics based on a YouTube vlog where the endorser reviewed a few products. The data were collected using Mturk and analyzed with 203 usable responses. The findings indicate that audience participation in the vlog enhances para-social relationship with the vlogger, thus further fostering the vlogger's perceived credibility as an endorser. Additionally, the valence of the audience's attitudes toward vlog endorsements moderates the audience participation–parasocial relationship. The results show that vlogs with high levels of audience participation are more likely to increase the acceptance of the brand's endorsement via enhanced credibility perceptions among viewers. Hence, time should be spent choosing vloggers who are active in the online community. This study contributes to the understanding of the distinct characteristics of vlogs that specifically affect endorsement effectiveness. The focal role of parasocial relationship for message acceptance in the context of vlogs is also highlighted.

What changed public opinion on the same-sex marriage issue? New implications of attribute measures and attribute priming in media agenda setting

This study explores the attribute agenda-setting effects and attribute priming effects of news coverage on the issue of same-sex marriage. The affective attribute salience of news coverage on the same-sex marriage issue is stronger when related to public opinion than the substantive attribute salience of the news coverage. News coverage on the issue is strongly associated with audience attitudes about controversial issues. Last, on controversial issues, news media have long-term, rather than short-term, effects on public opinion.

Bouncing off the Paywall – Understanding Misalignments Between Local Newspaper Value Propositions and Audience Responses

ABSTRACT Declining advertising revenue and print copy sales have propelled extensive paywall experiments in local newspapers to generate new revenue and fund local journalism. The success of these experiments is ultimately depending on whether or not they deliver the value that customers require. This article studies local newspapers’ potential to build successful paywalls by conducting a two-sided analysis of paywall value propositions and local news audiences’ responses to these value propositions. Drawing on mixed methods – in-depth interviews with 20 newspaper managers and a national survey (N = 1586) among local newspaper audiences – our study identifies a major gap between intended value of paywalls and customer value perception and behavior. These are misalignments between the intended attractiveness of paywalled content and audience attitude toward this content, and misalignments between access to paywalled content and use. Local newspapers’ offerings are particularly misaligned with younger, lower income and lower news interest customers. When these groups hit a paywall, they most likely bounce off.

Clearcut Persuasion? Audience Cognition of Mediated Environmental Advertising through the Lens of the Elaboration Likelihood Model

Through the theoretical lens of Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and using the case of Oregon Wild and its campaign against clear-cut logging on public lands, this study explores the impact of media coverage of contentious activist advertising on audiences. A survey with experimental conditions measures attitudes of audiences exposed to this interplay of advocacy communication. The study assesses partiality toward the sponsor organization, a willingness by the target audience to act on its behalf, and an understanding of the central environmental issue. Differences between gender in reception of the campaign and coverage also are examined. By examining the interplay of social advertising, news media, and audiences, this study highlights a dynamic, social psychological stream of public interest communications.

TV선거 개표 방송의 인서트 그래픽과 수용자 태도와의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구

TV선거 개표 방송의 인서트 그래픽과 수용자 태도와의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구

اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة – دراسة ميدانية على محطات FM

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة FM في اليمن، وإجراء مسح لاتجاهات الجمهور نحو أداء هذه المحطات الإذاعية الجديدة على المجتمع، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على إجراء بحث ميداني على عينة من الجمهور العام في محيط العاصمة صنعاء من خلال مسح عينة عشوائية طبقية بلغت (300) مفردة، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها وجود اتجاهات إيجابية وسلبية متباينة لدى الجمهور اليمني نحو أداء هذه المحطات الإذاعية حديثة التجربة، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية بين مستوى ودوافع وإشباعات التعرض والاتجاهات نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة، كما كشفت النتائج أيضاً عن وجود فروق في اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو هذه الإذاعات بناء على متغيري النوع والمستوى التعليمي.

Film Tourism In Norway: The Effect Fictional Characters Have On Tourism

The impact Walt Disney’s animated film Frozen is having on Disney’s bottom line and on tourism within Norway is highlighted. Although Frozen takes place in fictional Arendelle, movie producers incorporated Norwegian inspired scenery, imagery, and culture. Using a bi-lingual survey (English and Norwegian), we analyzed how the movie has increased travel in Norway, who appears to be most influenced to consider Norway as a travel destination, compared attitudes of film audiences in the U.S., Norway, and other countries on a variety of related factors, and provide suggestions concerning marketing connections to the movie Frozen in an attempt to further boost tourism within Norway.

Shrugging at the Sacred: Dreams, Punishments, and Feasting in the Daniel-Nebuchadnezzar Cycles of IlluminatedWeltchroniken, ca. 1400

Medieval art historians tend to examine works that reveal the interests of the highest ecclesiastical and noble ranks. Yet one type of illuminated manuscript, Middle High German world chronicles (Weltchroniken), suggests the attitudes of audiences outside the top social echelons. This article introduces the Weltchronik genre and examines sequences of illuminations that illustrate the story of Daniel at the court of King Nebuchadnezzar in three manuscripts created around the year 1400 in Bavaria and Austria. Analysis of texts and pictures in episodes of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, his idol, and the king’s feast demonstrate the ways that Weltchroniken can register practices and aspirations of lay audiences that are otherwise difficult to grasp in the works that survive from the late Middle Ages.