Atomic Ratio Of Au Research Articles

Synthesis and Properties of Ag‐Au Alloy Nanoparticles with Controlled Composition for Computed Tomography Imaging Applications

AbstractNumerous non‐invasive assays have been developed to support CT imaging, consequently increasing the precision of diagnosis. Although these efforts made a significant contribution to clinical research, there is still more to be done. The goal is to replace conventional contrast agents with more potent ones. In this study, Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were fabricated by substitution method between the precursor Au3+ and the previously prepared Ag nanoparticles. Effects of Au3+ quantity on the formation and characteristics of Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were investigated. It showed that Ag−Au nanoalloy with a size of 14.2±1.0 nm, SPR absorption peak at 520 nm, and Ag: Au atomic ratio of approximately 3 : 1 were appropriate for biomedical applications. After phase transfer using poly (maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene) (PMAO), the nano Ag−Au solution owned remarkable durability, stability and non‐toxicity Vero healthy cell line at high test concentration. In‐vitro CT imaging demonstrated a good X‐ray adsorption coefficient, and the hounsfield units (HU) was noticeably increased. As a promising CT contrast agent, the X‐ray attenuation of nano Ag−Au solutions correlated linearly with concentrations. These findings led to a potential application in the biomedical field, particularly in computed tomography (CT) imaging diagnosis.

Au16 Cd16 (SC6 H11 )20 : A Glance at Structure-Property Relationship.

Doping Cd atom(s) into gold clusters is very promising in both theoretical study and practical applications. However, it has long been a challenge to synthesize heavily Cd-doped AuCd bimetallic clusters and thereby reveal their structure-property correlations. Herein a novel AuCd bimetallic cluster: Au16 Cd16 (SC6 H11 )20 (SC6 H11 denotes deprotonated cyclohexanethiol) with a Cd to Au atomic ratio of 1:1 is reported. The precise structure of the cluster determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrates that it has a unique hexatetrahedron Au14 core and a distinctive shell. Intriguingly, due to the special protecting motifs, the cluster exhibits high stability in various conditions studied, indicating that the geometric structure is crucial in determining the stability of the cluster. Most importantly, the photothermal property of the cluster has been investigated in comparison with those of M13 -kernel (M denotes metal atoms) clusters, and the results imply that the compactness and the Cd atom doping of the core play important roles in dictating the photothermal effect of the cluster. The authors believe that this work will provide some ideas for the rational design of clusters with high stability and excellent photothermal property.

Disclosing the Role of Gold on Palladium – Gold Alloyed Supported Catalysts in Formic Acid Decomposition

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of preformed bimetallic Pd‐Au nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers with different Pd : Au atomic ratio (nominal molar ratio: 8–2, 6–4, 4–6, 2–8) and the corresponding Pd and Au monometallic catalysts by sol immobilization method. The obtained materials were characterized thoroughly by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). The catalytic performances of the Pd‐Au catalysts were evaluated in the aqueous phase dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) at room temperature obtaining enhanced activity, stability and selectivity compared to the monometallic systems. In particular, Pd6Au4 and Pd8Au2 showed the best combination of catalytic properties, i. e., high selectivity to H2 and improved catalytic stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on Pd15, Au15 and Pd9Au6 clusters supported on a carbon sheet were then simulated to provide atomic level understanding to the beneficial effect of gold observed in the experimental results. Au15 barely adsorb FA, while Pd15 possesses an adsorption energy higher than Pd9Au6. Dehydrogenation and dehydration pathways were followed on all these models. For Pd9Au6, the most favourable route was the formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Analysis of the electronic structures was also performed on the different models showing a stronger interaction between the bimetallic system and the support proving the alloy superior stability.

Substituent-Mediated Transformation of Polynuclear Gold(I)-Sulfido Complexes—From Pentanuclear to Octadecanuclear Cluster-to-Cluster Transformation

Substituent-Mediated Transformation of Polynuclear Gold(I)-Sulfido Complexes—From Pentanuclear to Octadecanuclear Cluster-to-Cluster Transformation

Electronic Effects Determine the Selectivity of Planar Au-Cu Bimetallic Thin Films for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

Au–Cu bimetallic thin films with controlled composition were fabricated by magnetron sputtering co-deposition, and their performance for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 was investigated. The uniform planar morphology served as a platform to evaluate the electronic effect isolated from morphological effects while minimizing geometric contributions. The catalytic selectivity and activity of Au–Cu alloys was found to be correlated with the variation of electronic structure that was varied with tunable composition. Notably, the d-band center gradually shifted away from the Fermi level with increasing Au atomic ratio, leading to a weakened binding energy of *CO, which is consistent with low CO coverage observed in CO stripping experiments. The decrease in the *CO binding strength results in the enhanced catalytic activity for CO formation with the increase in Au content. In addition, it was observed that copper oxide/hydroxide species are less stable on Au–Cu surfaces compared to those on the pure Cu surface, where the surface oxophilicity could be critical to tuning the binding strength of *OCHO. These results imply that the altered electronic structure could explain the decreased formation of HCOO– on the Au–Cu alloys. In general, the formation of CO and HCOO– as main CO2 reduction products on planar Au–Cu alloys followed the shift of the d-band center, which indicates that the electronic effect is the major governing factor for the electrocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction on Au–Cu bimetallic thin films.

Brittle-to-ductile transition of Au2Al and AuAl2 intermetallic compounds in wire bonding

Au–Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were conventionally regarded as damage sources within wire bonding interfaces. Among the Au–Al IMCs system, Au2Al and AuAl2 IMCs were commonly observed after long-term service. Here, the intrinsic mechanical properties of Au2Al and AuAl2 IMCs were investigated by in-situ bending tests. The results clearly revealed that the transition from brittle to ductile facture behavior was determined by the atomic ratio of Au and Al elements, while Al-rich Au–Al IMC exhibits higher bending strength than that of Au-rich Au–Al IMC. The Al-rich Au–Al IMC such as AuAl2 indeed showed brittle fracture behavior, in which cracks propagated through the grain boundaries. In contrast, the Au-rich Au–Al IMC such as Au2Al appeared to be quite ductile and crack resistant, and its plastic deformation was undertaken by slip bands. This work suggested that not all Au–Al IMCs cause brittleness and lead to damages, only Al-rich IMCs should be avoided at wire bonding interfaces.

Growth mechanism and charge transport properties of hybrid Au/ZnO nanoprisms

Hybrid Au/ZnO nanoprisms with different Zn:Au atomic ratios are synthesized by a facile co–precipitation method followed by calcination process in which highly monodispersed Au nanocrystals were grown on the tips of ZnO prismatic nanocrystals. It is found that the growth mechanism followed by hindering of {011¯0} ZnO planes during thermal decomposition leading to a prismatic crystal growth. X-ray diffraction reveals that during hybrid Au/ZnO nanoprism formation in the presence of Au, a decrease in the Zn:Au ratio results in a higher amount of Au being incorporated into the ZnO lattice structure. This increase in Au leads to an increase in crystallographic defects such as density of dislocations and dislocation cut-off length. Optical absorption measurements show that by decreasing Zn:Au ratio from 315:1 to 79:1, the bandgap of the hybrid nanoprism structures reduces from 2.77 eV to 2.27 eV. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that the emission from surface defects is the dominant emission. Besides, with increasing Au atomic ratio, luminescence spectra are quenched due to increased dislocation density. The electron/hole pair recombination time is increased due to the diversion which is responsible for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Finally, the charge transport mechanism is proposed using photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.

Pd-Based Electrocatalysts Prepared by Borohydride Reduction Method for Methanol and Ethanol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Medium

Pd/C, Au/C, AuBi/C, PdAu/C, PdAuBi/C electrocatalysts (with different atomic ratios and 20 wt% of metal loading) were prepared by borohydride reduction method using a water/2-propanol mixture as solvent, Pd (NO3)2.2H2O, HAuCl4.3H2O and Bi (NO3)3.5H2O as metal sources, carbon black Vulcan XC72 as support and NaBH4 as reducing agent. The activities of the prepared electrocatalysts for methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium were investigated by chronoamperometry using the thin porous coating technique. Chronoamperometry experiments showed that PdAu/C (Pd:Au atomic ratio of 50:50) has superior activity and stability for methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation compared with other catalysts.

Electrochemical Structural Stability of Au-Modified Pt Nanoparticles Prepared by Arc-Plasma Deposition

The electrochemical structural stability of Au-modified Pt nanoparticles (Au x /Pt100 NPs, where x is the atomic ratio of Au) was investigated. Au x /Pt100 samples were fabricated on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate at 773 K through sequential arc plasma depositions of Pt followed by Au. In cyclic voltammograms of Au x /Pt100, characteristic currents correlated to the corner and edge sites of the Pt NPs (0.13 V vs. RHE) decreased with increasing x. Electro-chemical surface area decay, observed after applying potential cycling between 0.6 and 1.0 V, clearly show that surface modification of the Pt NPs with appropriate amounts of Au atoms located at the corner and edge sites improved the structural stability of the Pt NPs.

Electrochemical Structural Stability of Au-Modified Pt Nanoparticles Prepared by Arc-Plasma Deposition

Introduction Carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for the cathodes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Under PEFCs operating conditions, ORR activity of Pt/C catalysts decays through dissolution and aggregation of the Pt NPs [1]. Recently, Zhang et al. showed superior structural stability of the Au-modified Pt NPs in electrochemical (EC) environments [2]. At present, however, relation between surface atomic ratio and EC structural stability of Au-modified Pt NPs has yet to be further elucidated. In this study, Au-modified Pt NPs were fabricated on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate (HOPG) through sequential arc-plasma depositions (APD) of Pt followed by Au: EC structural stability under applying potential cycles (PCs) is investigated. Experimental HOPG substrate was scraped by Scotch tape in air and cleaned by annealing at 773 K for 30 min in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Au-modified Pt NPs with various Pt/Au atomic ratios were prepared on the substrate by sequential APD of Pt followed by Au. The prepared samples are denoted hereafter as Aux/Pt100 NPs (where x is the atomic ratio of Au against Pt). The substrate temperature during depositions was kept at 773 K to control the size distribution of the Pt NPs and to activate thermal segregation of additionally deposited Au on the APD-Pt NP surfaces. The deposition weights of Pt and Au were evaluated by a quartz crystal microbalance and controlled by pulse repetitions of APD. The Aux/Pt100 samples were transferred from UHV to EC apparatus set in a N2-purged glove box without exposure to air. EC properties of the samples are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in 0.1 M HClO4. ORR durability was investigated from change in i k at 0.9 V by applying square PCs between 0.6 (3 s) and 1.0 V (3 s) in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 at ca. 20˚C and 80˚C. Surface morphologies of the Pt100 and Aux/Pt100 NPs before and after applying the PCs were observed by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Results & Discussions Fig. 1 presents CV curves of the as-prepared Pt100 and Aux/Pt100 NPs on HOPG substrate. Electrochemical hydrogen adsorption charges, particularly, characteristic currents located around 0.13 V decrease with increasing Au atomic ratio (x), suggesting Au preferential terminations of the lower-coordinated sites of Pt NPs, such as corners and edges. Changes in i k value of the Pt100 (green) and Au7/Pt100 (purple) during applying the PCs at 20˚C were summarized in Fig. 2(a). As for the Pt100, normalized i k values steeply decreased with increasing PC numbers: the value estimated after 10k PCs were about 60% of the initial one. By contrast, decay in i k for the Au7/Pt100 is clearly suppressed by additional deposition of Au. Similar trends are also observed under applying PCs at 80˚C (Fig. 2(b)). The ORR durabilities estimated from PCs-dependent decays in i k correspond well with SPM images of the Pt100 and Au7/Pt100 (Fig. 2 inset). An average diameter of the as-prepared Pt100 NPs (estimated to be approximately 4 nm) is almost same as for the Au7/Pt100. Although the Pt NPs considerably agglomerate by the PCs irrespective of the PCs-temperatures (20˚C and 80˚C), a slight additional deposition of Au (Au7/Pt100) greatly suppresses agglomeration of the Pt NPs. The results obtained in this study clearly reveal that Au atoms located at coordinatively-unsaturated sites, e.g., edges and/or corners of Pt NPs, can enhance EC structural stability through suppressing unsaturated-site-induced NPs degradations. Acknowledgement This study was supported by NEDO of Japan.

Oxygen reduction reaction activity and structural stability of Pt-Au nanoparticles prepared by arc-plasma deposition.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability of various Au(x)/Pt100 nanoparticles (where x is the atomic ratio of Au against Pt) are evaluated herein. The samples were fabricated on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate at 773 K through sequential arc-plasma depositions of Pt and Au. The electrochemical hydrogen adsorption charges (electrochemical surface area), particularly the characteristic currents caused by the corner and edge sites of the Pt nanoparticles, decrease with increasing Au atomic ratio (x). In contrast, the specific ORR activities of the Au(x)/Pt100 samples were dependent on the atomic ratios of Pt and Au: the Au28/Pt100 sample showed the highest specific activity among all the investigated samples (x = 0-42). As for ORR durability evaluated by applying potential cycles between 0.6 and 1.0 V in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4, Au28/Pt100 was the most durable sample against the electrochemical potential cycles. The results clearly showed that the Au atoms located at coordinatively-unsaturated sites, e.g. at the corners or edges of the Pt nanoparticles, can improve the ORR durability by suppressing unsaturated-site-induced degradation of the Pt nanoparticles.

Significant activity improvement of Au/C by Pt deposition for electrooxidation of ethanol

The electrochemical deposition of Pt on Au nanoparticles loaded on carbon black and coated on glassy carbon (GC) electrode and the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol on Pt-modified Au/C catalysts are investigated. Structure analysis shows a uniform distribution of the metal nanoparticles on carbon black and a partial coverage of the Au surface by the deposited Pt. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) results display that the deposition of a small amount of Pt significantly improves the activity of the Au/C catalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solution in terms of oxidation potential and current density. For example, the peak on the Pt-modified Au/C catalyst with a Pt:Au atomic ratio of 1:463 shows the onset oxidation potential close to that on Pt/C catalyst but the peak current density several times higher than that on Au/C and Pt/C catalysts. In the wide range of Pt loadings the Pt-modified Au/C catalysts exhibit considerably higher activity than Au/C and Pt/C catalysts. The modification of Au/C with Pt is found to be very effective for improving the activity of the Au/C catalyst towards ethanol oxidation.

Tailoring characteristic thermal stability of Ni-Au binary nanocrystals via structure and composition engineering: theoretical insights into structural evolution and atomic inter-diffusion

We report on the structural evolution and atomic inter-diffusion characteristics of the bimetallic Ni-Au nanocrystals (NCs) by molecular dynamics simulations studies. Our results reveal that the thermal stability dynamics of Ni-Au NCs strongly depends on the atomic configurations. By engineering the structural construction with Ni:Au = 1:1 atomic composition, compared with core-shell Au@Ni and alloy NCs, the melting point of core-shell Ni@Au NCs is significantly enhanced up to 1215 K. Unexpectedly, with atomic ratio of Au:Ni= 1:9, the melting process initiates from the atoms in the shell of Ni@Au and alloy NCs, while starts from the core of Au@Ni NCs. The corresponding features and evolution process of structural motifs, mixing and segregation are illustrated via a series of dynamic simulations videos. Moreover, our results revealed that the face centered cubic phase Au0.75Ni0.25 favorably stabilizes in NCs form but does not exist in the bulk counterpart, which elucidates the anomalies of previously repor...

Glycerol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Medium Using Pd/C, Au/C and PdAu/C Electrocatalysts Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation

Pd/C, Au/C and PdAu/C electrocatalysts with different atomic ratios prepared using electron beam irradiation were tested for glycerol electrooxidation in single alkaline direct glycerol fuel cell (ADGFC). X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of PdAu/C electrocatalysts showed the presence of Pd (fcc) and Au (fcc) phases. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry showed that PdAu/C electrocatalyst with Pd:Au atomic ratio of 50:50 demonstrated superior activity for glycerol electrooxidation, at room temperature. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) experiments were performed for the electrocatalysts, identifying oxalate, glycerate ion, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone, glyceraldehyde and glycolate as products of glycerol electrooxidation. Experiments with single ADGFC were carried out from 50 to 90 oC, using Pd/C electrocatalyst; the best performance was obtained at 80 oC.

Generation of AuGe nanocomposites by co-sparking technique and their photoluminescence properties

The feasibility of spark discharge technique for preparing metal–semiconductor nanocomposites is demonstrated. In the AuGe system, Au shows only 10−3 atomic percent solid solubility in Ge, whereas 3.1 at.% Ge is soluble in Au. During the co-sparking, Au is used as anode material; the cathode is composed of Ge. The relative atomic percent of Au and Ge in the initially generated mixture can be changed by changing the charging current to the capacitor used to trigger the sparking. Depending upon the atomic ratio of Au and Ge in the initial mixture, AuGe agglomerates form AuGe composite nanoparticles on subsequent sintering, in which AuGe alloy nanoparticles are found dispersed in a Ge matrix. The size of the dispersed AuGe alloy nanoparticles depend on the relative atomic concentration of Au and Ge in the initial mixture as well as on the sintering temperature. AuGe alloy nanoparticles dispersed in the Ge matrix are observed to exhibit an intense photoluminescence between 550 and 600 nm.

Au as an efficient promoter for electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid and carbon monoxide: a comparison between Pt-on-Au and PtAu alloy catalysts

The absence of unpaired d-electrons of gold leads to its lack of reactivity and paucity of catalytic activity. Synergistic activity of bimetallic PtAu has been proved, and its structure greatly influences on the electrocatalytic activity toward formic acid and carbon monoxide oxidation. Here, a comparison between Pt-modified Au (designated as Pt-on-Au) and PtAu alloy catalysts has been studied. The Pt-on-Au catalyst was prepared by electrodeposition of Pt on the pre-prepared Au, while PtAu alloy was obtained by co-electrodeposition. As a whole, both types of PtAu catalysts were found to be more active toward formic acid electrooxidation compared to pure Pt, exhibiting maximum activity on Pt-on-Au catalyst with Pt to Au atomic ratio of 1:10.22. Moreover, the Pt/Au atomic ratio directly relates to the oxidation pathway of formic acid and carbon monoxide oxidation. The results may be ascribed to much less COads on the surface than single Pt catalyst due to the effect of Au nanoparticles. CO stripping voltammograms present the obvious variation between Pt-on-Au and PtAu alloy catalysts. Meanwhile, the electrocatalytic activities of bimetallic PtAu are evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel analysis.

Characterization of termetallic Pt-Ir-Au catalysts for NO decomposition

A termetallic catalyst of Pt-Ir-Au/Al2O3 for NOx decomposition was prepared by loading the metallic colloids in C2H5OH-H2O solution and a surfactant of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Compared with an impregnated Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, the termetallic catalyst of PtIrAu811/Al2O3, with a Pt:Ir:Au atomic ratio of 8:1:1, exhibited higher NO decomposition and selectivity to N2. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were conducted to clarify the state of the supported metals and indicate three precious metals alloyed on the catalyst. In the study of NO-temperature programmed desorption, oxygen desorption on the PtIrAu811 catalyst shifted to the low temperature side compared to that on Pt/Al2O3, which correlated well with its higher catalytic performance in NO decomposition.

Preparation of ‘Sandwich-Like’ Au/Pt Composite Multilayer Films for Methanol Electrooxidation

Pt/Au composite monolayer films were fabricated by combining interfacial assembly and under-potential deposition (UPD) with redox replacement. Based on the Pt/Au composite monolayers, an organic linker-free method was proposed for the fabrication of sandwich-like Pt/Au composite multilayer films: (Pt/Au)n, Ptm/Au, and (Pt3/Au)k (n, m, or k represents the layer number). Electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphologies of the Au monolayer films and the Pt/Au composite multilayer films. For each type of composite multilayer films, a common characteristic was that the effective electroactive areas increased with an increase in the layer number. Additionally, the electrocatalytic activities of the composite multilayer films for methanol electrooxidation are systematically discussed by examining the catalytic current densities and its tolerance toward carbonaceous species. For the same series of composite multilayer films (Pt/Au)3, Pt3/Au, and (Pt3/Au)2 showed a higher catalytic current density than bulk Pt (Ptbulk). Among the three composite multilayer films, (Pt/Au)3 showed the best catalytic performance in terms of the current density and tolerance toward carbonaceous species. The tolerance of (Pt/Au)3 to carbonaceous species was found to be better than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This better electrocatalytic activity may be attributed to the maximum synergistic effect between Au and Pt, which depends on the Pt:Au atomic ratio and also the arrangement of Pt and Au nanoparticles. (Article)

Hydroxyls-induced oxygen activation on “inert” Au nanoparticles for low-temperature CO oxidation

The NaOH additive substantially enhances the catalytic activity of Au/SiO 2 catalyst inert in catalyzing CO oxidation at temperatures below 150 °C, and Au/NaOH/SiO 2 catalyst with a NaOH:Au atomic ratio of 6 is active at room temperature. Both the particle size distribution and the electronic structure of Au nanoparticles were found to be similar in Au/SiO 2 and Au/NaOH/SiO 2 catalysts, unambiguously proving that hydroxyls on “inert” Au nanoparticles can induce the activation of O 2 for CO oxidation at room temperature. The accompanying density functional theory (DFT) calculation results reveal the determining role of COOH(a) in hydroxyls-induced activation of O 2 on the Au(1 1 1) surface. Our results successfully elucidate the influence of hydroxyls on the intrinsic activity of Au nanoparticles in CO oxidation, providing novel insights into the role of hydroxyls in the catalytic activity of Au catalysts and advancing the fundamental understanding of oxidation reactions catalyzed by Au catalysts.

Determination of Anthracene on Ag-Au Alloy Nanoparticles/Overoxidized-Polypyrrole Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

A novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of anthracene was prepared by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with over-oxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) and Ag-Au (1:3) bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-AuNPs). The composite electrode (PPyox/Ag-AuNPs/GCE) was prepared by potentiodynamic polymerization of pyrrole on GCE followed by its overoxidation in 0.1 M NaOH. Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles were chemically prepared by the reduction of AgNO3 and HAuCl4 using C6H5O7Na3 as the reducing agent as well as the capping agent and then immobilized on the surface of the PPyox/GCE. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy technique which confirmed the homogeneous formation of the bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were in the range of 20–50 nm. The electrochemical behaviour of anthracene at the PPyox/Ag-AuNPs/GCE with Ag: Au atomic ratio 25:75 (1:3) exhibited a higher electrocatalytic effect compared to that observed when GCE was modified with each constituent of the composite (i.e., PPyox, Ag-AuNPs) and bare GCE. A linear relationship between anodic current and anthracene concentration was attained over the range of 3.0 × 10−6 to 3.56 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 1.69 × 10−7 M. The proposed method was simple, less time consuming and showed a high sensitivity.