Au Ag Research Articles

Stable Au–Ag nanoframes based on Au nanorods: construction and plasmon-enhanced catalytic performance

Au NR@Ag–Au nanoframes not only exhibit highly tunable SPR properties, but also show excellent structural stability and catalytic activity.

Synthesis of RhH-doped Au-Ag alloy nanoclusters and dopant evolution.

Doping atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with heterometals is a powerful method for tuning the physicochemical properties of the original NCs at the atomic level. While the heterometals incorporated into metal NCs are limited to group 10-12 metals with closed d-shells, the doping of open d-shell metals remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the synthesis of Rh-doped Au-Ag alloy NCs by a metal-exchange reaction of [RhHAg24(SPhMe2)18]2- NCs with an Au-thiolate complex. Combined experimental and theoretical structural studies revealed that the synthesized product is a dianionic [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC (x = 8-12), consisting of RhH dopant, Au-rich kernel, and Ag-thiolate staple motifs, with the superatomic 8-electron configuration (1S21P6). Under aerobic conditions, the synthesized NCs underwent kernel evolution to generate a 6-electron [RhAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]1- NC (1S21P4), which was initiated by the desorption of hydride from the kernel. Structural analysis of the [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC suggests that the kernel evolution is induced by the change in chemical bonds surrounding the hydride in the Au-rich kernel.

Antitumor efficacy of synthesized Ag–Au nanocomposite loaded with PEG and ascorbic acid in human lung cancer stem cells

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide of which non-small cell lung carcinoma constitutes majority of the cases. High mortality is attributed to early metastasis, late diagnosis, ineffective treatment and tumor relapse. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy form the mainstay of its treatment. However, their associated side effects involving kidneys, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and liver further adds to dismal outcome. These disadvantages of conventional treatment can be circumvented by use of engineered nanoparticles for improved effectiveness with minimal side effects.In this study we have synthesized silver gold nanocomposite (Ag–Au NC) using polyethylene glycol and l-ascorbic acid as surfactant and reducing agent respectively. Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption, dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Compositional analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and average pore diameter was estimated using Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method. In-silico molecular docking analysis of the synthesized NC against active regions of epidermal growth factor receptor revealed good binding energy. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of NC on growth and stem cell attributes of A549 lung cancer cells. Results showed that NC was effective in inhibiting A549 cell proliferation, induced DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further, tumor cell migration and spheroid formation were also negatively affected. NC also enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial depolarization. In addition, the effect of NC on putative cancer stem cells in A549 cells was evaluated. We found that Ag–Au NC at IC50 targeted CD44, CD24, CD166, CD133 and CD326 positive cancer stem cells and induced apoptosis. CD166 positive cells were relatively resistance to apoptosis.Together our results demonstrate the anticancer efficacy of Ag–Au NC mediated by a mechanism involving cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial derangement.

Block copolymer-templated surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active nanofibers for hydrogen sulfide detection

Metabolic disorders involving endogenous H2S have been linked to a variety of serious human diseases, particularly cancer. In this study, we employed nanofibers with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity for the detection of H2S within live cells. These nanofibers were chosen for their minimal invasiveness, high spatial resolution, and enhanced SERS sensitivity. To improve the performance of SERS, highly sensitive core-shell multibranched-Au NPs (MBAuNP)@Ag NPs were decorated on the nanofibers as SERS tags for H2S detection. A SERS probe named MBN, embedded between the Au core and Ag shell, was utilized for quantitative detection. These nanofibers exhibited excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) within 5.7 %) and demonstrated a strong linear relationship with sulfide concentrations ranging from 50 nM to 1 μM, with an estimated detection limit of 0.12 nM. As a proof of concept, the aforementioned nanofibers were successfully applied to detect endogenous H2S in living cells, offering a potential analytical method in the related research of detection.

Fabrication of multifunctional g-C3N4-modified Au/Ag NRs arrays for ultrasensitive and recyclable SERS detection of bisphenol A residues.

Monolayer g-C3N4-modified Au/Ag nanorods (g-C3N4/Au/Ag NRs) array is fabricated as a dual-function platform with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response and excellent photocatalytic degradation ability for bisphenol A (BPA) residues. FDTD simulation results of Au/Ag NRs proves that the electromagnetic field intensity is significantly enhanced at the gap of Ag NRs and Au NPs and the protrusion of Au NPs, which endows the arrays with excellent SERS activity. The arrays exhibit high sensitivity for rhodamine 6G (R6G) (LOD = 1.1 × 10-11 mol/L) and high SERS enhancement (EF = 9.2 × 107). In addition, the g-C3N4/Au/Ag NRs could degrade ˃90% of BPA adsorbed on the substrate surface within 140 min under visible light irradiation, and maintains its SERS activity after repeated use for 4 times. The dual-function platform with high SERS response and excellent recycling capability is proved to be reliable and is very promising for monitoring of BPA residues in food.

Crystal Lattice Rearrangement Occurred at Au/Ag Bonded Interface in Atomic Diffusion Bonding in Vacuum

Atomic diffusion bonding (ADB) processing of wafers using thin metal films is a promising route to achieving room-temperature wafer bonding [1,2]. When two film surfaces mutually contact at room temperature during ADB, crystal lattice rearrangement occurs, thereby enhancing the bonding performance. Generally, films of the same material used for bonding are fabricated on two flat wafer surfaces. Therefore, methods for examining the crystal lattice rearrangement mechanism are few. Two representative material films used for bonding, those of the metals Au and Ag, have fcc crystal structure and show a solid solution in the whole Au–Ag composition range. Moreover, lattice mismatch of these materials is very slight: less than 0.2%. For this study, Au film and Ag film were bonded in vacuum using ADB. The crystallographic structure of Au/Ag bonded films and depth profiles of Au and Ag atoms were examined. Au and Ag films were fabricated respectively on two flat wafer surfaces using sputter deposition, followed by bonding of the two films on the wafers in vacuum. Figure 1 portrays cross-section STEM images of Au(20 nm)/Ag(20 nm) bonded films: (A) a bright field image, and (B) an HAADF image corresponding to (A). Films were deposited on Si wafers, with 5-nm-thick Ta films underneath. Figure 1(A) shows that no interface corresponding to the original Au/Ag interface is visible; no vacancy is observed. Grains were formed continuously across the original interface over the entire thickness of the bonded films, indicating that crystal lattice rearrangement occurred at room temperature when the films mutually contacted in vacuum. Although the crystallographic structures of Au and Ag layers are identical because of the crystal lattice rearrangement, the contrast between the upper and lower half areas in Figure 1(B) is expected to be attributable mainly to the different atomic weights of Au and Ag. Figure 2 presents the depth profiles of Au, Ag, and Ta evaluated using EELS analysis along line (a) in Figure 1(B). Results supported that interdiffusion at the Au/Ag bonded interface is not remarkable. This report presents discussion of the relation between crystal lattice rearrangement and interdiffusion of atoms based on results of analyses of Au/Ag bonded films with various layer structures. T. Shimatsu and M. Uomoto, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 28, 706 (2010).T. Shimatsu and M. Uomoto, ECS Trans., 33 (4), 61 (2010). Figure 1

An investigation on effect of various mono and Di-sulphide coatings on the performance of an Au–Ag bimetallic SPR sensor: an attempt towards noninvasive urine-glucose detection

An investigation on effect of various mono and Di-sulphide coatings on the performance of an Au–Ag bimetallic SPR sensor: an attempt towards noninvasive urine-glucose detection

Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and thermal history in the northeast Xing'an Block, NE China: Implications for gold mineralization and preservation

Late Triassic–Jurassic orogenic and Early Cretaceous epithermal Au deposits are significant producers of Au, Ag, and potentially critical elements (e.g., Te, Se and Sb) in the North Heilongjiang Belt in the Xing'an Block, NE China. However, the preservation mechanism of these Au deposits associated with tectonic evolution is unclear. Here, we conducted zircon U–Pb, sericite Ar–Ar, zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He dating as well as whole‐rock geochemistry in the Xing'an Block. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the ages of 174.1 ± 2.4 Ma for the granodiorite, 169.9 ± 1.6 Ma for the tonalite, 154.0 ± 2.0 Ma for the monzogranite and ca.122 Ma for the diorite. Sericite Ar–Ar dating presents plateau and isochron ages of 163.2 ± 1.8 Ma and 163.4 ± 2.8 Ma. The average apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) and zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) ages from the Jurassic rocks have the ranges of ca. 146–89 Ma and ca. 150–116 Ma and from the Cretaceous are ca. 109–76 Ma and ca. 117–111 Ma, respectively. The Early‐Middle Jurassic intrusions are featured by the tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG) rock type. Late Jurassic monzogranite has the geochemical signature of adakitic rocks. The Early Cretaceous granitoids are classified as volcanic arc granites with a part of the Early Cretaceous granodiorite featured by adakitic. These new results reveal five group ages associated with tectonic evolution, Au mineralization and the preservation of the Au deposits. (i) Magmatic events were related to the subduction of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean during the Early Jurassic (ca. 177–170 Ma) and then the compressional settings with regional deformation (ca. 167–163 Ma). (ii) Thickening crust and orogenic Au mineralization were related to the closure of the Mongolia‐Okhotsk Ocean (ca. 154–145 Ma). (iii) The transformation was from compressional to extensional settings followed by exhumation during the Early Cretaceous (ca. 145–120 Ma), which is the factor of the exhumation of the orogenic Au deposits formed from the Late Triassic to Late Jurassic. (iv) Epithermal Au–Ag mineralization was associated with an extension related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate (ca. 120–100 Ma). (v) Thermal history shows one thermal event during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 89–76 Ma). The Au deposits have been preserved since the Late Cretaceous.

Microscopic mechanism of plasmon-mediated photocatalytic H2 splitting on Ag–Au alloy chain

Alloy nanostructures supporting localized surface plasmon resonances has been widely used as efficient photocatalysts, but the microscopic mechanism of alloy compositions enhancing the catalytic efficiency is still unclear. By using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we analyze the real-time reaction processes of plasmon-mediated H2 splitting on linear Ag–Au alloy chains when exposed to femtosecond laser pulses. It is found that H2 splitting rate depends on the position and proportion of Au atoms in alloy chains, which indicates that specially designed Ag–Au alloy is more likely to induce the reaction than pure Ag chain. Especially, more electrons directly transfer from the alloy chain to the anti-bonding state of H2, thereby accelerating the H2 splitting reaction. These results establish a theoretical foundation for comprehending the microscopic mechanism of plasmon-induced chemical reaction on the alloy nanostructures.

Complexity in the Au–Ag–Hg system: New information from a PGE (‘osmiridium’) concentrate at Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australia

AbstractAu–Hg–Ag phases have been described from a variety of metallogenic orebodies and the placer deposits derived from them. In many documented placer deposits, the phases typically occur intergrown as ‘secondary’ rims to primary Au–Ag grains. The origin of these rims has been ascribed to supergene redistribution reactions during deposition or to the effects of amalgamation (i.e. use of mercury) during mining for gold. Difficulties in determining compositions and crystal structures on such a small scale have made full characterisation of these phases problematic. This paper describes a new occurrence of these phases, found by accident during investigation of a historical concentrate of ‘osmiridium’ containing a number of gold grains from beach sands at Waratah Bay, in southern Victoria, Australia. The phases occur as rims to gold grains and are intergrown on a scale of tens of micrometres or less. Application of electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) and limited electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) was required to characterise them. These techniques revealed the presence of the approved mineral weishanite (Au–Hg–Ag) and a phase with compositional range Au2Hg–Au3Hg surrounding primary Au–Ag (electrum) containing trace amounts of Hg. EBSD analysis showed weishanite is hexagonal P63/mmc and Au2Hg to be hexagonal P63/mcm. Comparison with published data from other localities (Philippines, British Columbia and New Zealand) suggests weishanite has a wide compositional field. Textures shown by these phases are difficult to interpret, as they might form by either supergene processes or by reaction with anthropogenic mercury used during mining. However, in the absence of any historical evidence for the use of mercury for gold mining at Waratah Bay, we consider the formation of the Au–Hg phases is most probably due to supergene alteration of primary Au–Ag alloy containing small amounts of Hg. In addition to revealing some of the reaction sequences in the development of these secondary Au–Hg–Ag rims, this paper illustrates methods by which these phases can be more fully characterised and thereby better correlated with the Au–Hg synthetic system.

Structure, Mineralogical, and Geochemical Features and Formation Conditions of Ore Veins in the Mo Porphyry Shakhtama Deposit (Eastern Transbaikalia)

The results of a comprehensive detailed study of the vein structure, mineral zoning of veins, and mineral typomorphism of the Shakhtama deposit obtained on the basis of new samples from poorly studied horizons are given. The results obtained show that the Mo resources of the deposit are far from being exhausted, and the typomorphic features of ore minerals indicate that base metal mineralization associated with Au (Ag), also continues to a depth, along with Mo. The presence of rare Sr mineral, svanbergite, in the Shakhtamа deposit and the typomorphic properties of ore minerals testify in favor of the near-surface origin of the exposed mineralization. The succession of mineral formation has been established. Based on the study of ore and metasomatic zonality, fluid inclusions and isotopic data, as well as the composition of structural impurities in molybdenite, conclusions were made of the formation conditions of ore mineralization in a porphyry ore-forming system.

The Ak-Sug Porphyry Copper–Gold–Molybdenum Deposit, East Sayan: Noble Metal Mineralization, PT-Parameters, and Composition of Ore-Bearing Fluid

Ore mineralization of the Ak-Sug Porphyry Copper–Gold–Molybdenum deposit formed during three stages: 1) porphyry-copper mineralization with simple sulfides in quartz–sericite and quartz–sericite–chlorite metasomatites, 2) subepithermal Au–Bi–Te–Pd-quartz mineralization in quartz–sericite metasomatites, and 3) intermediate-sulfidation Au–Ag mineral assemblages with selenides, tellurides, and Sb and As sulfosalts in argillisites. Fluid inclusion studies (microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy) of quartz and mineral thermometry (an assemblage of Au and Ag tellurides) showed that porphyry copper and subepithermal mineralization precipitated from hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe) fluid with salinity of 20.1–32.8 wt % NaCl eq. at 435–375°C and hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe ± Ca ± Mg) fluid with salinity of 7.5–15.0 wt % NaCl eq. at 415–325°C, respectively. The epithermal mineral assemblages precipitated at ∼0.55 kbar from hydrocarbon–aqueous–chloride (Na–K ± Fe ± Ca ± Mg) fluid with salinity of 1.4–12.6 wt % NaCl eq. at 370–200°C. The latest low-temperature (240–190°С) and diluted (3.5–4.9 wt %) fluids are characterized by variations in Na and K chlorides; Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca, and Mg carbonates; and Na, K, and Mg sulfates. The S isotopic composition of the fluid of different mineral assemblages varies from –2.7 to +0.3‰ and suggest that they are derivatives of a single porphyry system. The δ18О values of the fluid of porphyry copper (7.4‰) and subepithermal (7.0‰) stages indicate its magmatic genesis, whereas those of the epithermal stage (from +1.2 to +7.2‰) are evident of mixing of magmatic fluid and meteoric waters (from +0.4 to +5.7‰). Our isotopic data, combined with mineralogical–geochemical peculiarities and formation conditions of ores, provide tracing the principles of the evolution of mineral assemblages, temperatures, composition, and fluid salinity at the Ak-Sug deposit upon the transition from porphyry copper to epithermal stage.

EVIDENCES OF MINERAL MELTING IN THE ORES OF THE SVETLINSK GOLD DEPOSIT, SOUTH URALS, RUSSIA

For the large Svetlinsk gold deposit (South Urals) evidences of partial melting of minerals and possible participation of polymetallic melts in the concentration and redistribution of gold and other metals are given. Finding of bismuth and antimony minerals in ores, among which there are gold minerals new to the deposit (pampaloite, montbrayite and aurostibite), specific mineral intergrowths (polymineral Sb–Bi–Pb–Te–Ag–Au drop inclusions), enrichment of early sulphides with Low-Melting-point Chalcophile Elements (LMCE), high formation temperatures for ore assemblages (up to 400°C), as well as the occurring metamorphism of amphibolite facies indicate the possibility of the formation of such melts. Polymetallic melts at the deposit could be formed both by partial melting of early sulphides and directly from hydrothermal fluids. The signs of melting also include simplectites of calaverite and native gold in the marginal parts of the large montbrayite grain.

Pyto-Architechture of Ag, Au and Ag–Au bi-metallic nanoparticles using waste orange peel extract for enable carcinogenic Congo red dye degradation

Ecologically inspired to develop silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles from discarded orange peel extract. The plant-derived compounds included in discarded orange peel extract have been accountable for the development of Ag, Au and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles, that might be used in the biosynthetic process. The qualitative assessment of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles has been performed by UV–visible, XRD pattern, FT IR analysis, TEM/HRTEM, EDX and BET isotherm analysis. In this investigation, the photocatalytic effect of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles on Congo red dye breakdown efficiency was achieved at 96%, 94%, and 99.2%, respectively. Due to prolonged electron-hole recombination process was investigated using UV irradiation and reused for up to 5 consecutive runs without significant loss of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles manufactured in an environmentally benign manner could potentially contribute to the ecological cleanup.

Fabrication of Au-Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulsed Laser Ablation for Medical Applications: A Review.

In recent years, the synthesis of Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles has garnered immense attention due to their potential applications in diverse fields, particularly in the realm of medicine and healthcare. The development of efficient synthesis methods is crucial in harnessing their unique properties for medical applications. Among the synthesis methods, pulsed laser ablation in a liquid environment has emerged as a robust and versatile method for precisely tailoring the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. This manuscript provides an overview of the fundamentals of the pulsed laser ablation in a liquid method, elucidating the critical factors involved. It comprehensively explores the pivotal factors influencing Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis, delving into the material composition, laser parameters, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, this review highlights the promising strides made in antibacterial, photothermal, and diagnostic applications. Despite the remarkable progress, the manuscript also outlines the existing limitations and challenges in this advanced synthesis technique. By providing a thorough examination of the current state of research, this review aims to pave the way for future innovations in the field, driving the development of novel, safe, and effective medical technologies based on Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles.

Ag-Au-Cu Trimetallic Alloy Microflower: A Highly Sensitive SERS Substrate for Detection of Low Raman Scattering Cross-Section Thiols.

Trimetallic Ag-Au-Cu alloy microflowers (MFs) with various surface compositions were synthesized on a glass coverslip and used as efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for highly sensitive label-free detection of smaller Raman scattering cross-section molecules, namely, L-cysteine and toxic thiophenols. MFs of different compositions were synthesized via appropriate mixing of metal-alkyl ammonium halide precursors followed by a single-step thermolysis at 350 °C. While the Ag percentage was kept constant at 90% for all the substrates, the composition of Au and Cu was varied between 1 and 9% sequentially. The synthesized MFs were thoroughly characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray fluorescence techniques. FE-SEM studies revealed that the MFs were present throughout the substrate, and the average size varied from 20 to 40 μm. XPS studies showed that the top surface of the alloy substrates was rich in either Au or Cu atoms, while Ag remained underneath. The performance of the trimetallic MFs as SERS substrates was evaluated using Rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule, which showed that the MFs with Ag-Au-Cu compositions 90-7-3 and 90-3-7 were found to be the best and of equal SERS efficiency. The SERS enhancement factor (EF) of both these MFs was found to be the same, approximately 9 × 107, when calculated using 1,2,3-benzatriazole as the probe molecule. Between the two, the trimetallic substrate with a higher Au percentage (Ag-Au-Cu as 90-7-3) was used for the sensitive SERS-based detection of thiols to exploit the strong Au-S binding interaction. By virtue of the high EF of the substrate, the inherently low Raman scattering cross-sections of the probe molecules were greatly enhanced in SERS mode. The 'limit of quantification (LOQ)' values were found to be 1 nM for aliphatic L-Cysteine and 1-0.1 pM for aromatic thiols using the trimetallic SERS sensor.

Hybrid Integration of Au Nanoplates and Ag Nanoparticles with Controlled Nanogaps via Cu2O‐mediated Galvanic Replacement Reaction: Plasmonic Catalysis and Photothermal Conversion

AbstractRational assembling of different noble metal nanocrystals with controlled nanogaps in one entity allows the efficient coupling of electromagnetic fields of each component and versatile manipulation over the overall physiochemical properties. In the present study, we report a stepwise synthetic strategy to hybridlike assemble Au nanoplate and Ag nanoparticles without direct physical contact. Particularly, the success of current work relies on the conformal coating of Cu2O over the Au nanoplate as an intermediate layer, followed by the in situ formation of Ag nanoparticles via the galvanic replacement reaction between Cu2O and Ag+. With the anchoring of Ag nanoparticles over the Cu2O‐wrapped Au nanoplate, the resulting hybrid nanostructures exhibit noticeable multiple plasmonic absorptions across the UV‐vis‐NIR region. The potential use as the plasmonic catalyst for current Au@Cu2O‐Ag hybrid products is validated using reduction of 4‐nitrophenol as the model reaction, where the catalytic performance is greatly improved by the UV‐vis light irradiation. They also exhibit satisfactory photothermal conversion performance under the irradiation of Xe lamp. The current work provides a niche strategy to create noble‐metal hybrid nanostructures with controlled interparticle distance and tunable plasmonic properties, could be extended to other noble metal or alloys.

Efficiency Improvement of Energy Harvesting Device Using Light Pressure Through Plasmon Coupling at the Interface Between Grained Ag Layer and Au Nanoparticles

AbstractElectricity generation using the piezoelectric effect is an important energy harvesting method. In this study, a solar radiation pressure‐driven crater‐shaped light pressure electric generator (LPEG) device with a Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) piezoelectric layer and grained Ag layer is fabricated on GaAs(100) wafer. The electrical output of the device is improved by adsorbing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the Ag layer with the surface of closely connected Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). By controlling the size and concentration of the AuNPs, a maximum power density of 867.5 µW cm−2 is obtained under a solar simulator (AM 1.5G), which represents a 151.7% improvement over the case without AuNP adsorption. The results of Raman spectra, finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations, and COMSOL Multiphysics demonstrate that the newly formed hotspots between AgNPs─AuNPs and AuNPs─AuNPs enhance the electric field of the incident light significantly and extend the region where the electric field is maximally amplified to 600–800 nm, resulting in increased solar radiation pressure on the PZT piezoelectric layer.

Study on Structures Stability, Mechanical Properties, and Electronic Properties of Alloy Ag–Au–Al: First‐Principles Calculations and Experiments

AbstractIn this paper, the silver–gold–aluminum alloy is prepared, and its effect on the microstructure and properties is observed by changing the content of aluminum. SEM observes the surface morphology, EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) detects the related tissue composition, and XRD (X‐ray Diffraction) verifies the composition. Ternary alloys are tested for hardness and resistivity. The results show that Ag‐15wt.%Au‐14wt.%Al alloy has the highest hardness. The resistivity test shows that Ag‐15wt.%Au‐18wt.%Al alloy has the lowest resistivity. The change in Al content improves the alloy's mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. This paper uses the first‐principles calculation based on density functional theory to prove the structural stability from the atomic point of view. The mechanical properties, electrical properties, and thermodynamic properties of Ag‐Au‐Al ternary alloys are systematically studied, including elastic constants, elastic modulus (including bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio ν), Vickers hardness. The mechanical properties of the single crystal are evaluated by Cauchy pressure, Pugh criterion, shear anisotropy factor, and directional Young's modulus, and the Debye temperature is calculated. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experiment. The research in this paper provides a new idea for studying the properties of new bonding wires.

Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the ABM replacement-style volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Finlayson Lake district, Yukon, Canada

The ABM deposit is a bimodal-felsic, replacement-style volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit (VMS) that is hosted by back-arc affinity rocks of the Yukon–Tanana terrane in the Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon, Canada. Massive sulfide zones occur as stacked and stratabound lenses subparallel to the volcanic stratigraphy, surrounded by pervasive white mica and/or chlorite alteration. Remnant clasts of volcanic rocks and preserved bedding occur locally within the massive sulfide lenses and indicate that mineralization formed through subseafloor replacement of pre-existing strata. Three mineral assemblages occur at the ABM deposit: (1) a pyrite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–pyrrhotite assemblage that is associated with Cu–Bi–Se–Co-enrichment and occurs at the center of the massive sulfide lenses; (2) a pyrite–sphalerite assemblage, which occurs more commonly towards lens margins and is enriched in Zn–Pb–Ag–Au–Hg–As–Sb–Ba; and (3) a minor assemblage comprising chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pyrite stringers associated with pervasive chlorite alteration, which occurs mostly at the sulfide lens margins. Petrographic observations of preserved primary, zone refining, and metamorphic textures in combination with in situ geochemistry show that the pyrite–sphalerite assemblage formed at lower temperatures (< 270 °C) than the other two mineral assemblages (~ 270–350 °C), and that mineral chemistry in all mineral assemblages was affected by greenschist facies metamorphism, although the effects are limited to recrystallization, small-scale remobilization (< 1 m) and trace element redistribution.