Attrition Level Research Articles

English Language Attrition Levels and Language Maintenance Efforts among Indonesian Non-English Department Students

In the EFL context, the primary linguistic environment for learners is a formal classroom in which they receive input, feedback, and opportunities to practice with teachers and other learners. However, as learners graduate from schools, they might no longer have access to such an environment and thus be deprived of the main intake to support acquisition and retention, which makes them susceptible to language attrition. This study aims to explore the levels of attrition experienced by 165 multilingual non-English department students 30 months after graduating from their secondary schools, the possible factors associated with attrition, and the predictive power of some language maintenance efforts (LMEs) on English attrition. The participants took standardized English tests, that is, Test 1 and Test 2 administered within a 24-month interval and responded to a questionnaire about LMEs. A paired t-test was used to establish a link between attrition level and the identified factors. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictive power of LMEs for attrition. The results show that learners with different proficiency levels experience different levels of attrition. Factors like attitude and motivation showed different degrees of correlation with attrition. A negative correlation was found in the three dimensions of LMEs: entertainment, literacy activity, and academic activity. Contrary to popular literature on first- and second-language attrition, the dimension of social interaction has a very low predictive power for foreign-language attrition.

Markov Analysis in Commitment Prediction of Insurance Customer to Minimizing Customer Attrition

Trust and commitment are the important things for insurance customer to continue doing business with insurance company. Customer commitment can be seen from payment history, whether customer doing payment on time or late. This research using Markov Analysis to predict customer commitment using data of insurance premium payment history from each period, identify customer profile, and analyze the type of insurance purchased. This research shows there are three steps of customer who vulnerable to terminate the insurance contract with company. Insurance company could use the result to minimize customer attrition level with several ways like review the applicant profile before make insurance contract, recommends which type of insurance will fit to applicant, and monitor customer who late to do premium payment for two consecutive periods. This research also propose Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategy to handle customer who match with the three steps of terminating the insurance contract with providing special treatment and service to prevent discontinuance of insurance contract.

Исследование влияния применения инноваций и информационных и коммуникационных технологий на производительность ИТ-компаний

The present study was conducted to understand the impacts of innovation and information and communication technology application via artificial intelligence on the performance of information technology companies. The article was based on an applied objective. Neural classification and neural clustering techniques were utilized to examine the feasibility of classifying companies based on their performance level. Information Technology-Software companies in Tehran (767 active companies) comprised the statistical population. Using a simple random sampling method and the Cronbach's formula, the number of 263 directors or deputies of these companies (estimating the attrition level in questionnaires) constituted the statistical samples. The findings of this study suggested that; (1) in data-mining via neural classification method, the model fit in the model learning section was equal to 91.4%, and (2) in data-mining via neural clustering method, model fit was 62.6%. The findings concluded that the application of innovation and information and communication technology significantly affect the performance of information technology companies.

Influence of perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout among educators in Indian private universities on job satisfaction and the desire to quit

The desire to quit converts into actual attrition if left unaddressed. Additionally, employees’ job satisfaction strongly influences their desire to stay or leave. Several individual and organizational factors affect job satisfaction levels, all of which must be thoroughly analyzed to curb both the desire to quit and attrition. The current study tests a model associating perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout with job satisfaction and the desire to quit of educators employed in private universities in India. Data were collected from 272 university faculty members using five scales, namely, job enrichment, perceived equity, employee burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave, and were analyzed using AMOS 17. The initial fitness results failed to support the hypothesized framework, but a revised framework yielded a good fit for the data. Results show that perceived equity has a positive influence on job satisfaction (Hypothesis 2), job enrichment positively affects job satisfaction (Hypothesis 3), burnout negatively influences job satisfaction (Hypothesis 4), and job satisfaction negatively affects the desire to leave (Hypothesis 1). Perceived equity, burnout, and job satisfaction were found to mediate the association between job enrichment and the desire to leave. The results indicate that private universities must focus on job satisfaction to reduce employees’ desire to quit, thereby reducing the attrition level, which is currently a severe problem with both financial and non-financial consequences to universities. From the results, it can be seen that job enrichment has acted as a mediator to influence employees’ job satisfaction. Future research can explore HR practices contributing to high job enrichment, and this study would have considerable practical implications.

A LABOR WELFARE MEASURES RESEARCH AT UNITED BREWERIES LIMITED

A worker plays a big half within the businesss industrial production. Management is related to the art of obtaining work done by the people. Management really considers itself with the individuals at work. Therefore, its imperative to seem for his or her cooperation. This study is based on collection of data on the Labour welfare measures followed at particularly liquor industry. The idea of labour welfare is mostly founded on human principles, according to which every citizen has a right to work in a pleasant atmosphere free from health risks for an acceptable income, among other terms and conditions. The research provides a brief on the impact of labour welfare measures provided by the company on its employees. The employers welfare and safety measures will have a direct impact on the employees health, physical and mental efficiency, alertness, morale, and overall efficiency, all of which will contribute to higher productivity. KEY WORDS: Labour Welfare Measures, Industrial production, Efficiency and Attrition level.

App-based intervention among adolescents with persistent pain: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPersistent pain in adolescence adversely affects everyday life and is an important public health problem. The primary aim was to determine the feasibility of an 8-week app-based self-management intervention to reduce pain and improve health-related quality of life in a community-based population of adolescents with persistent pain. A secondary aim was to explore differences in health outcomes between the intervention and control groups.MethodsA sample of 73 adolescents aged 16–19 years with persistent pain from a community-based population were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received the Norwegian culturally adapted version of the iCanCope with PainTM app, which includes symptom tracking, goal setting, self-management strategies, and social support. The attention control group received a symptom tracking app. Feasibility was assessed as attrition rates and level of engagement (interactions with the app). The secondary outcomes included pain intensity, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, pain self-efficacy, perceived social support from friends, anxiety and depression, and patient global impression. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.ResultsDemographic and baseline outcome variables did not differ between the 2 groups. No differences were found between the participants completing the study and those who withdrew. Twenty-eight adolescents completed the intervention as planned (62% attrition). Both groups had a low level of app engagement. Intention-to-treat analysis (n = 19 + 14) showed no significant differences in outcomes between groups. However, the large effect size (Cohen’s d = .9) for depression suggested a lower depression score in the intervention group.ConclusionsHigh treatment attrition and low engagement indicate the need for changes in trial design in a full-scale randomized controlled trial to improve participant retention.Trial registrationThe iCanCope with Pain Norway trial was retrospectively registered in Clinical Trials.gov (ID: NCT03551977). Registered 6 June 2018.

Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition.

Human dentin consists of a primary layer produced during tooth formation in early childhood and a second layer which first forms upon tooth eruption and continues throughout life, termed secondary dentin (SD). The effect of attrition on SD formation was considered to be confined to the area subjacent to attrition facets. However, due to a lack of three-dimensional methodologies to demonstrate the structure of the SD, this association could not be determined. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to explore the thickening pattern of the SD in relation to the amount of occlusal and interproximal attrition. A total of 30 premolars (50–60 years of age) with varying attrition rates were evaluated using micro-computerized tomography. The results revealed thickening of the SD below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mostly in the mesial and distal aspects of the root (p < 0.05). The pattern of thickening under the tooth cervix, rather than in proximity to attrition facets, was consistent regardless of the attrition level. The amount of SD thickening mildly correlated with occlusal attrition (r = 0.577, p < 0.05) and not with interproximal attrition. The thickening of the SD below the CEJ coincided with previous finite element models, suggesting that this area is mostly subjected to stress due to occlusal loadings. Therefore, we suggest that the SD formation might serve as a compensatory mechanism aimed to strengthen tooth structure against deflection caused by mechanical loading. Our study suggests that occlusal forces may play a significant role in SD formation.

Attrition – A Criteria in Estimating the Age

Context: With respect to the recognition of an individual in forensic circumstances age assessment is an essential aspect. Teeth are considered to be least destructible part of the body under most conditions occurring in the nature like mass disasters. As the age advances, there will be physiological wearing away of the tooth due to tooth - tooth contacts, as in case of mastication. By knowing the level of attrition, age of an individual can be estimated. Microscopic investigation may not be achievable in certain instances and assessment of age relies on the sole examination of tooth by attrition. Aims: The aim of the research was meant to evaluate the age of individuals using Average Stage of Attrition (ASA) and Gustafson’s method and comparing efficacy of both the methods. Methods and Material: The study sample constituted 60 participants. Dental caries, restored crowns and patients with bruxism were excluded. The patients examined were in the age group of 35-60 years. Scores were evaluated by using Gustafson’s method and Average stage of attrition method. Statistical Analysis used: Regression Analysis. Results: The average stages of attrition and Gustafson’s scoring criteria were evaluated by conferring with the graduation standards. The data was collected and regression analyses were carried out for both the methods. By regression analysis, four regression equations for each method were obtained. Evaluation of attrition level and its accuracy in estimating the age by ASA method is more reliable than Gustafson’s attrition scoring.

Ідентифікація несправностей опор амортизаційних стійок легкових автомобілів

The goal of current research is the systematization of information from existent constructions of upper supports, features of support elements load depending on their constructions, analysis aspects, which influence supports attrition and their probable defects, and also giving recommendations for diagnostics. The informational analysis made due to existent upper supports constructions, features of their action in exploitation conditions, considered factors which influence on supports attrition, and their probable defects. Considered supporting bearer and rubber damping elements of damper strut supports fail indications. Fail of rubber damping elements characterized by the range of attributes. Due to car exploitation take place support detail attrition, rubber damping elements of supports waste their elasticity, crack and delaminate from the metal details, rubber damping supports stretch, which leads to support`s contact with upper springs cap and attends with singular thumps. Due to bearing attrition level of rattling and decreasing driving comfort are much higher than due to rubber element attrition. Features of increased bearing attrition are next: rattling by rudder turning occurrence (can also take place on the steering wheel), deterioration of car control. Bearing attrition appears in terms of squeaks and jerks in the process of steering wheel turning in the cars without a power steering. Due to attrition bearing starts to play, thump, and damper piston rod deviates from own axle. During car motion on the small roughs with depleted bearings also perceived rattling from the side of suspender, which sometimes can be difficult to identify, because it is analogous to rattling caused by attrition of other details of suspender or steerage. Offered to realize damper strut supports diagnostics by the way of support` action in a car moving conditions on the pocky surface simulation, to solve this task recommended to use vibration stand for suspender diagnostics. Offered to use the identification of hits and vibrations in foreworn supports via vibration acceleration sensor with later processing.

Renin--angiotensin system blockers and the risk of critical or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 in African Americans.

Renin--angiotensin system blockers and the risk of critical or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 in African Americans.

A Structural Estimation Approach to Study Agent Attrition

Worker attrition is a costly and operationally disruptive challenge throughout the world. Although large bodies of research have documented drivers of attrition and the operational consequences of attrition, managers still lack an integrated approach to understanding attrition and making decisions to address it on a forward-going basis. To fill this need, we build a structural model that both captures the firm’s decision to terminate a worker’s employment (involuntary attrition) and uses an optimal stopping problem process to model a worker’s decision to leave the firm (voluntary attrition). We then estimate the parameters of the model and conduct counterfactual analyses on the population of 1,118 agents serving one client over 3 years for an Indian business process management company. Our model reveals a number of interesting findings. We find that supervisors have a strong impact on whether employees stay because they reshape the way that agents make their decisions. We also find that the impact of supervisors on agent attrition is more significant than the impact of salary. For example, increasing salary by 20% decreases the total attrition level by 5%. However, if agents were managed by the best supervisors, among those that manage similar agents, the attrition rate decreases by 10%. Altogether, our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on people operations and managerial practice. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

Cell-based approaches in drug development – a concise review

Abstract In vitro models represent an alternative technique to in vivo or ex vivo studies in the drug development process. Cell-based assays are used to measure the level of proliferation and toxicity, as well as activation of signalling pathways and changes in morphology in cultivated cells. The studies conducted in vitro are aimed to estimate the newly synthesised drugs’ ability to permeate biological barriers and exert their therapeutic or cytotoxic effects. However, more than half of all studied drugs fail in the second or third phase of clinical trials due to a lack of confirmed efficacy. About a third of drugs fail because of safety issues, such as unacceptable levels of toxicity. To reduce attrition level in drug development, it is crucial to consider the implementation of translational phenotypic assays as well as to decipher various molecular mechanisms of action for new molecular entities. In this review, we summarise the existing cell-based methods most frequently used in the studies on drugs, taking into account their advantages and drawbacks. Running title: Cell-based approaches in drug development

A Study on Employee Attrition Level at Motherson Automotive Private Industry

The study on Attrition level is to know the employee’s interest in how the organization were giving importance to the employees. Attrition is a critical issue and pretty high in the industry. It’s a major problem which highlights in all the organizations. Though the term ‘ATTRITION’ is common, due to attrition, the organization will face down in their growth, “Attrition is said to be the gradual reduction in the number of employees through retirement, resignation or death. It can also be said as Employee Turnover or Employee Defection”. Retaining employees is a critical and ongoing effort. One of the biggest challenges in having managers in the place that understands it is their responsibility to create and sustain an environment that fosters retention. Staff requires reinforcement, direction and recognition to grow and remain satisfied in their positions. The main objectives of this study are to know the reasons why attrition occurs, to identify the factors which make employees dissatisfy, to know the satisfactory level of employees towards their job and working conditions. This study is analyzing by taking questioner with individual employees, and the random sample was 100, this study gives some information to the organization what to do and not to do. The organization should improve their basic needs.

Health Status in Early Modern Somali People from their Skeletal Remains

This study discusses the paleohealth of Somali men who lived between the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century and whose skeletal remains are stored at the University of Cambridge. These materials were divided into an early middle age group and a late middle age group based on the degree of cranial suture closure. Physical anthropological methods were used to examine their caries, periodontal disease antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), dental attrition level, alveolar bone loss, enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, and cranial porotic hyperostosis. There were limitations, such as the small number of individuals examined, all the individuals were men, and the postcranial skeletons were not examinable. This study observed the following findings regarding the paleohealth of Somalis from the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century: (1) the caries rate was low, (2) there was onset of periodontal disease and it progressed with aging, (3) the number of missing teeth was low, (4) the dental attrition level was lower than the level in Nigerians, and (5) there was minimal change in stress markers with aging, and only a small number of individuals exhibited severe stress markers. The results led to the speculation that the nutritional status was generally poor in Somali individuals examined in this study and that the mortality rates were high in newborns, infants, and young children, which resulted in deaths in individuals with severe stress markers before adulthood.

An exploratory study on job and demographic attributes affecting employee satisfaction in the Indian BPO industry

PurposeThe business process outsourcing (BPO) industry in India has always been characterized by ungodly hours, monotonous job, low perceived value, dispirited efficiency resulting to high attrition level. Notwithstanding the ever rising attrition rate, it has become critical for the companies to satisfy their employees in order to retain them. The purpose of this paper is to determine what and how job‐related and demographic variables are associated with employee satisfaction of the BPO employees.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 500 middle level BPO employees was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. T‐tests and Duncan's post hoc tests were done to compare the various dimensions of employee satisfaction across selected demographic variables such as gender, marital status, education, age and tenure. Correlation was done to find out the relationship between employee satisfaction and various job characteristics as well as demographic variables and finally, regression was done to find out the actual determinants of employee satisfaction.FindingsThere is difference of perception towards the job‐related variables on the basis of gender, marital status, education, age, and tenure. Correlations revealed that interpersonal relationships, career progression, salary, company policies, working conditions, and authority have significant positive relationship with employee satisfaction and only accountability had a significant negative relationship with employee satisfaction. Regression revealed the significant determinants of employee satisfaction which were interpersonal relationships, career progression, salary, gender, accountability, and authority.Research limitations/implicationsThe study exclusively used surveys to poll work‐related satisfaction from the employees working only in BPO in India and considers only ten job‐related variables and five demographic variables for the study.Practical implicationsThe comprehensive study of employee satisfaction is helpful for both practitioners and academicians as it helps in disentangling the perceptions about employee satisfaction and also explains the variances among various groups of demographic characteristics. This will enable organizations to correctly gauge employee satisfaction based on the job‐related and demographic characteristics.Social implicationsNow that the study has revealed the dimensions of employee satisfaction and the crucial determinants of satisfaction, each of these factors can be individually tackled to ensure employee retention.Originality/valueThe present study illuminates the existing theoretical foundations regarding employee satisfaction by exploring the detailed and ample responses provided by BPO employees in Indian industry; this can help practitioners to make robust managerial decisions.

Degree of Dental Attrition with Sex and Aging among Jomon and Edo People in Japan

We examined changes in dental attrition levels by sex and age group among Japanese people in the Jomon (16,000 BP-2,300 BP) and Edo (1603-1868 AD) periods. We discuss here the changes in attrition by time period and the changes in diet which could be speculated based on such changes in attrition. In the Jomon people, attrition advanced rapidly from early middle age and became considerable in late middle to older age. In the Edo people, attrition occurred to a much lesser degree. Skeletal remains from the Edo period indicate that attrition was more advanced in late middle age and the elderly than in early middle age ; however, the advancement of attrition was gradual, and the attrition level was not as considerable as in the Jomon people. From these results, it can be predicted that attrition levels differed in Japanese people over time and that the differences in attrition levels decreased between early middle age and late middle age and the elderly.

Étude de l’attrition dentaire au sein d’une population médiévale adulte du Sud-Ouest de la France

The aim of the authors was to study dental attrition in a medieval sample of paired mandibles and maxillas from the Southwest France (IX to XV century).We selected 58 adult individuals with maxillas and mandibles in good state of conservation, 29 women and 29 men from the medieval collection of Vilarnau-d'Amont (Western Pyrenees, France). Attrition was graded according to the Brabant index.We found a high prevalence of attrition in this sample. The first molars (M1) were the maxillary and mandibular teeth most concerned by attrition. The most frequent attrition level was level 2, with dentin exposure. We did not find any significant difference of tooth wear between maxillary and mandibular teeth, even if maxillary teeth seemed to be more worn. There was symmetry of attrition between the left and right side. There was no significant difference between men and women.Working on paired mandibles and maxillas showed that attrition in the middle age was a global phenomenon, intermaxillary and symmetric. It was much more severe than today, rapidly evolving and generalized because of the abrasive quality of food, cooking, chewing habits, and intensity of chewing pressure.

Career continuity among immigrant professionals: Russian engineers in Israel

About 82,000 Soviet-trained engineers and technologists arrived in Israel during the 1990s, joining some 30,000 of their local colleagues and creating dramatic over-supply of engineering cadres on the small Israeli market. This follow-up study explores costs and benefits of different personal strategies of occupational adjustment among this group of professionals, underscoring the roles of age, gender and specialis ation. The study included a three-wave survey and three focus groups with immigrant engineers. Five hundred students of the special Hebrew courses for engineers were recruited in 1992-93 (soon after their arrival in Israel) and then contacted again in 1997 and 2001. With a final attrition level of 26 per cent due to address change, non-response and other reasons, the final wave of research included 372 participants. The results show that, in all age and speciality groups, male engineers were much more likely to find engineering posts than female ones; younger engineers (below age 45) were more successful than older ones; specialists in electronics, computing and high technologies reported better adjustment than engineers trained in more traditional fields (metallurgy, mechanics, etc.). By 1997, around 20 per cent found work in their old specialisation, 17 per cent retrained into other engineering branches (most often computing), about 25 per cent worked as qualified workers, 28 per cent had various unskilled jobs, and some 9 per cent were unemployed. For respondents who succeeded on the professional track, the mean time for finding their first relevant job was 2.5 years. By 2001 the employment pattern remained largely the same, meaning that the initial years in the host country are crucial for professional adjustment.

Autoradiographic analysis of resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice. Evidence that the liver is a major site of worm elimination.

Migration and elimination of 75Se-labeled Schistosoma mansoni were studied in previously infected mice by means of autoradiography and worm recovery. As in control mice, there appeared to be little if any worm elimination in the skin of previously infected mice. In previously infected mice, there appeared to be some worm elimination in the lungs and in migration sites between the lungs and liver, though much less than would have been expected from previous studies. In two of three experiments most of the challenge worm elimination in previously infected mice, above the normal attrition level occurring in the controls, appeared to take place in the liver. In the third experiment, it appeared that all of the challenge worm elimination occurred after migration to the lungs, and at least one-third of it in the liver. It was also observed that the lung chop procedure recovered viable schistosomula much less efficiently from previously infected mice than from controls indicating that the reduction in lung schistosomulum recovery overestimates the amount of lung and prelung killing that occurs in reinfected mice.