Design Dimensions Research Articles

Экспериментальные исследования устойчивости откосов мелиоративных осушительных каналов

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the stability of slopes of reclamation channels. Experimental studies were carried out on the Grand Channel of the Laboratory of Sprinkler Machines and Hydraulic Drive of the Department of Organization and Technologies of Irrigation and Reclamation and Construction Works of the Institute of Land Reclamation, Water Management and Construction named after A.N. Kostyakov. The work of the reclamation drainage system is accompanied by the appearance of sediments, siltation of herbaceous and shrubby vegetation at the bottom and slopes of the channel. For the normal functioning of the reclamation drainage system, it is necessary to maintain the design dimensions of the channels during the entire period of their operation. To clean drainage channels, special channel cleaning machines of periodic or continuous action on caterpillar or pneumatic wheels are used, and general construction excavators with widened buckets are also often used. The operation of all these machines with a large operating weight has a peculiarity, which consists in their movement in the process of cleaning along the channel along the berm sections close to the edge. Such a situation can lead to a violation of the stability of the slopes, which in turn disrupts the capacity of the channel bed and its design geometric dimensions. The study of slope instability from the loads of channel cleaning machines allows you to correctly design the channel section and form a cleaning technology.

Towards a new Existenzminimum

This thesis brings forward the design dimension, and, more specifically, co-design, to the study of housing affordability. Co-design occurs when end-users and professionals work together towards a common goal. It is a process often applied in collaborative housing, an umbrella concept encompassing different housing forms based on collective self-organisation and collaboration, where residents choose to share certain spaces. The aim of this research is to assess if and how co-design processes applied in collaborative housing may reduce building costs, thereby making these housing projects not only affordable, but even more affordable than mainstream housing. It does so by combining a case study approach with a building costs simulation. Findings indicate that co-design decisions based on a collective self-redefinition of Existenzminimum (minimum dwelling) affect the housing layout and contribute to reduce building costs. By conceptualising housing design through the lenses of affordability, this thesis highlights the understated role of architectural design and building costs as key components in the study and provision of affordable housing solutions; and enriches the existing body of knowledge on affordable collaborative housing. Moreover, it draws attention to the way some outdated building regulations and standards hamper design innovation in housing. This research ends up with a set of general principles for the co-design of affordable collaborative housing. These design principles may assist professionals supporting co-design and, more importantly, people who want to design, build and live in a collaborative manner.

Research on the Application of Northwest Traditional Patterns in Modern Design under the Background of Big Data

Abstract Northwest traditional patterns possess a rich history and a distinctive artistic style, offering immense potential for innovative design applications. This paper delves into the integration of these conventional motifs into contemporary design frameworks. Initially, we employ the semantic differential method to select vocabulary for the perceptual assessment of Northwest traditional patterns when incorporated into modern designs. We analyze the components of the design samples and utilize the partial least squares method to construct a correlation model between the perceptual assessment vocabulary and the design elements. This approach facilitates a detailed correlation analysis between the application of Northwest traditional motifs and their perceptual evaluation, leading to the formation of associative links between the imagery vocabulary and design features. Subsequently, we define theme, symbol, composition, and color as independent variables, with audience preference as the dependent variable, to conduct a multiple regression analysis. This analysis explores the impact of these dimensions on audience preference. The findings indicate that the significance levels of theme, symbolism, composition, and color are all below 0.05, demonstrating a positive influence on audience preferences. Notably, symbolism, with a regression coefficient of 0.356, exerts the most substantial impact on audience preference. The established correlations between design elements and perceptual evaluations, alongside the analysis of design dimensions’ influence on audience preferences, provide valuable insights for the application of Northwest traditional motifs in modern design contexts.

Leveraging epoch‐era analysis and digital twin for effective system concept and execution: A CO2$_2$ storage salt‐cave project

AbstractWith the demand to reduce the release of CO‐rich gases into the atmosphere, the offshore industry is turning to systems for gas capture and storage. The construction of a cave for that purpose is planned in the salt layer of the Santos Basin, Brazil; however, numerous factors bring uncertainties to the project. We propose combining systems engineering methods and digital twin technology to enable system concept and execution aiming at value robustness. The system is modeled in mission, subsystems, components, and design attributes. System utilities and costs are estimated for a range of viable solutions based on the relevance of each attribute to the stakeholders. The alternatives are evaluated using the Epoch‐Era Analysis framework for analyzing the system's performance over time in changing future scenarios. The system model also outlines a digital twin concept and identifies how it might support salt cave design and operations. Finally, the potential of tuning and improving system evaluation based on gathered data is examined, and measures toward further digital twin development are recommended.

One Size Fits All? Exploring Motivation for Public Employees With a Job Fit Framework and Response Surface Analysis

To advance tailored recruitment, management, and on-the-job socialization, we present a complementary “job fit” framework that integrates intrinsic, extrinsic, relational, and prosocial job design attributes. Employing polynomial regression models and response surface analysis, we capture and display three-dimensionally whether, when, and how the match (or mismatch) between employee preferences and experiences relates to job satisfaction. Using a large, cross-national sample of public employees, we illustrate this framework and methodology through analysis of matched preferences, experiences, and job satisfaction across six job attributes. We identified that public employees’ varied experiences of job attributes have differential impacts on job satisfaction, contingent upon preferences for the attribute. The only attribute we identified that was insensitive to employee preferences was job security. We find, for example, that working with others is associated with decreased job satisfaction for those that prefer working alone. These findings support the motivating potential of complementary “job fit” and provide nuanced attention to appropriate methodologies and a broader range of job design attributes.

Design and calculation of cold storage capacity of 10 tons for tuna commodity

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia, urges economic stakeholders to maximize increasingly open export opportunities. With an abundance of fishery products in Indonesian waters, it must be supported by adequate facilities, one of which is the availability of cold storage, which maintains the quality of fishery products. In this study, the design of the cold storage was carried out by measuring the size of the cold storage and using the calculation of the cooling load, the calculation of cooling capacity, the calculation of the P-h diagram, and the cost estimate. The results of this study include cold storage design dimensions of 420 m3 with a long length and tall of 15×7×4 m3 made from insulation materials of polyurethane, stainless steel, and plaster. The cooling load data for the cold storage, when the product (tuna) is cooled and filled, is 3,707,444.3 kJ every 24 hours. A ton of refrigeration absorbs 12,660 kJ per 24 hours, equaling 16.3 tons of required refrigeration capacity. Meanwhile, under normal operating conditions, the total cooling load is 759,427.588 kJ per 24 hours. After calculating the cooling load, it was discovered that the initial design, which only had a capacity of 10 tons during the refrigeration process, could accommodate a cooling capacity of up to 16.3 tons. The cooling capacity of cold storage is 23.9 kW or 81.400 Btu/h. P-h diagram calculation of compressor cooling load is 0.7 kW, and the cooling load total from the evaporator to keep air room temperature of cold storage 0 °C is 0.43 kW. Estimated cost total for materials of cold storage design is USD 128,655. Highlights Refrigerator facilities are still limited in reaching remote coastal areas The cooling system must start using renewable energy Cold storage is used to maintain the quality of fishery product so that they remains in good condition From the calculation results, knowing the total cooling load when the cold storage is working, knowing the total cooling capacity of the cold storage when it is used as a fish storage refrigerator, and knowing the total estimated operational costs of the cold storage

Pathways Toward Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Enabled By Electro‐Active Porous Transport Layers

AbstractGreen hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable electricity, will play a crucial role in decarbonizing industrial and heavy‐duty transportation sectors. Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) can overcome many of the performance and cost limitations of incumbent technologies, however, still suffer from durability challenges due to oxidative instability of anion‐exchange ionomers. Herein, the use of an electro‐active porous transport layer as anode (PTL‐electrode) is demonstrated to enable efficient and durable AEMWEs. The stainless‐steel PTL‐electrodes are shown to have superior performance and durability compared to traditional catalyst layers containing ionomer and nanoparticle catalysts. An AEMWE cell operating at 2 A cm−2 for over 600 h exhibited a degradation rate of just 5 µV h−1. During operation, the surface composition of the stainless steel transforms into a mixture of iron and nickel oxyhydroxides, contributing to enhanced oxygen‐evolution reaction activity. The combination of experimental work and modeling elucidates how the bulk structure of the PTL‐electrode offers an additional design dimension to further improve electrolyzer performance. Lastly, a surface modification strategy is applied to a PTL‐electrode to achieve an even higher performing AEMWE (2.3 vs 2.0 A cm−2 at 1.8 V). Overall, this work lays out pathways toward more efficient, durable, and affordable AEMWEs.

Digital twin and parameter correlation-enabled variant design of production lines

ABSTRACT The rapid transformation of production lines into a new design scheme is the key to improving the market competitiveness of enterprises. The production line is a complex manufacturing system with a complex structure. There are multidisciplinary correlation networks between different design dimensions, such as causality, mapping, and transfer. Clarifying these correlative relations is the key to the design of production line correlation. In this paper, a descriptive system is built for the production line configuration model, the motion model, the control model, and the optimization model, and the design content of production lines is clarified. A design framework of production line correlation based on the digital twin technology is proposed, and an optimization system of design schemes is built in the form of hierarchical iteration. Polychromatic sets are used to identify the relationship between different dimensions. The high-fidelity simulation ability of the digital twin technology is taken advantage of to verify the proposed four-in-one variant design method in the mobile phone welding assembly line.

Pencegahan Risiko Postur Kerja Melalui Analisa dan Rancangan Ergonomi pada Karyawan PT Asiana Garment

PT Asiana Garment is a garment company that has just opened its production site. The company also uses many tools and technologies to carry out the production process. Apart from the availability of tools and technology to achieve a smooth production process and increase the company's productivity level, ergonomic analysis of work posture is also needed. Work posture analysis was carried out on sewing and overlock operators. The results of the analysis using the REBA method showed that sewing operators had a moderate level of risk and needed improvement. The overlock operator was found to be at a high risk level and immediately required repairs. The improvement made was by redesigning the size of the chair used by the operator. The results of the design dimensions are for chair height 44.34 cm, chair length 33.8 cm, chair width 44.34 cm, chair back height 45.31 cm, and chair back width 53.92 cm

Effects of microtopography shaping on characteristics of eroded sediment particles of a dump slope in an opencast coal mine in China

AbstractThe properties of sediment particles are crucial research areas for understanding soil erosion on dump slopes. In this study, the slope of the southern dump of the ATB opencast coal mine in the Pingshuo mining area in Shanxi Province, China, was selected to conduct microtopographical shaping and artificial rainfall simulation experiments. Three different gradients of rainfall intensity, 20, 50, and 80 mm·h−1, were set. The main component of rainwater was water (chemistry H2O) by a rainfall duration of 30 min. A Microtrac S3500 laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the collected erosion sediment particles. This study conducted level benches and fish‐scale pits microtopography shaping on the slope of the waste dump. The dimensions of the level bench design were 1, 2, and 1 m for the step width, for the step length, and between each level bench, respectively. The fish‐scale pits were 60 cm (length), 40 cm (width), and 30 cm (depth). The horizontal and row spacing of each fish‐scale pit was 1 m, and an unshaped terrain was used as the control group. Through dynamic monitoring and statistical analysis of the data, the impacts of rainfall intensity and microtopography shaping mode on the features of the eroded sediment particles were analyzed. Fine silt particles (53%) were lost as a result of the surface erosion of the slope. The mean starting periods of sediment particle loss decreased with the increase in rainfall intensity (589 s > 402 s > 305 s). Additionally, the clay and silt particle enrichment ratios decreased (ER >1), whereas the sand particle enrichment ratios increased (ER <1). The level benches had a stronger interception effect on fine sediment, whereas the fish‐scale pits had a weaker interception effect on sediment particles under heavy rain. The distribution properties of erosion sediment particles on a slope can be assessed using fractal dimension as an index. This study is significant for understanding the erosion mechanism of eroded sediment particles on dump slopes and provides a scientific foundation for soil erosion control on opencast coal mine dump slopes in the Loess Plateau. These results highlight the potential for the level bench to effectively delay the occurrence of runoff and greatly enhance the interception of sediment particles.

Bioinspired Design of Material Architecture for Additive Manufacturing

This research explores the enhancement of mechanical properties in material architectures, such as strength-to-weight ratio and resilience, through the inspiration of natural systems. Historically, designs for additive manufacturing have relied on simple, repetitive structures like honeycombs, often leading to unnecessary material expenditure. This study aims to examine the compressive mechanical attributes of designs inspired by natural systems, including bird nests, cocoons, and the layered structure of skull bones. Through a comparative analysis, we assessed peak load capacity, strength-to-weight ratio, and resilience between these bioinspired architectures and a standard 3D infill pattern utilized in additive manufacturing. Findings indicate that structures inspired by sandwiched bone layers excel in resilience and peak load, whereas those based on bird nests are notably lighter and, in some cases, exhibit the highest strength-to-weight ratio. The insights provided here will help design engineers with empirically backed mechanical properties of bioinspired architectures, offering a novel methodology for the development of material systems influenced by biological paradigms.

The coordinated design and optimisation of combined energy-absorbing structure with multi-level thin-walled tapered square tubes

To solve the problem of high peak force and large load fluctuation of combined energy-absorbing structures, a coordinated design strategy based on staggered compensation of load curves was proposed. First, an energy-absorbing unit of metal thin-walled tapered square tube was designed, and its crashworthiness was verified by experiment and simulation, and the peak force was reduced by introducing a groove inducing structure. Then, a combined structure with multi-level energy-absorbing units was proposed through layout arrangement and dimensional design. The parameter analysis was performed using a validated surrogate model. It is found that the thickness of the outer tube of the energy-absorbing units has a significant effect on peak crushing force (PCF), crushing force uniformity (CFU) and specific energy absorption (SEA). To improve the crashworthiness of the combined structure, a multi-objective optimisation was applied to achieve the maximum CFU and SEA values, and weight factors were introduced to select design schemes. The results show that the optimised combined structure reduces PCF by 44.48% and increases CFU by 50.78%, while improving the SEA.

Design Attributes of Socially Assistive Robots for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Design Attributes of Socially Assistive Robots for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Finding a generic fixed brake force distribution through optimizing hydraulic brake system parameters to prevent wheel lock

Purpose The paper aims to identify a suitable generic brake force distribution ratio (β) corresponding to optimal brake design attributes in a diminutive driving range, where road conditions do not exhibit excessive variations. This will intend for an appropriate allocation of brake force distribution (BFD) to provide dynamic stability to the vehicle during braking. Design/methodology/approach Two techniques are presented (with and without wheel slip) to satisfy both brake stability and performance while accommodating variations in load sharing and road friction coefficient. Based on parametric optimization of the design variables of hydraulic brake using evolutionary algorithm, taking into account both the laden and unladen circumstances simultaneously, this research develops an improved model for computing and simulating the BFD applied to commercial and passenger vehicles. Findings The optimal parameter values defining the braking system have been identified, resulting in effective β = 0.695 which enhances the brake forces at respective axles. Nominal slip of 3.42% is achieved with maximum deceleration of 5.72 m/s2 maintaining directional stability during braking. The results obtained from both the methodologies are juxtaposed and assessed governing the vehicle stability in straight line motion to prevent wheel lock. Originality/value Optimization results establish the practicality, efficacy and applicability of the proposed approaches. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydraulic drum brake systems in modern automobiles, which can lead to safer and more efficient braking systems.

INVESTIGATING USER PREFERENCES FOR SMARTPHONE ICON DESIGN: A KANO MODEL ANALYSIS

In the ever-evolving realm of smartphone interface design, understanding user preferences is paramount. This study endeavors to comprehensively scrutinize such preferences utilizing the Kano model. Engaging 100 participants, the research assessed perceptions regarding 14 design attributes, employing a Likert scale for evaluations. Primary findings elucidated that attributes like recognizability, usability, personalization, and display effect hold paramount importance. However, an intriguing observation was a suggested potential variance across age demographics, which, upon further introspection, remained inconclusive in this research. This denotes an avenue necessitating future exploration. Designers, while conceptualizing smartphone interfaces, are advised to prioritize these identified attributes, possibly complementing age-specific needs, to ensure heightened user satisfaction. Ultimately, this research highlights the Kano model's robustness and its invaluable contribution to the domain of smartphone interface design research.

Heterostructure design of one-dimensional ZnO@CoNi/C multilayered nanorods for high-efficiency microwave absorption

Dimensional design and heterogeneous interface engineering are promising approaches for the fabrication of superior absorbers with high loss performance and a wide effective bandwidth. Therein, ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized and combined with CoNi nanosheets by hydrothermal method, and PDA was then encapsulated on the surface of the material to form a unique one dimensional (1D) core-sheath structure. The extensive defects and residual functional groups are present in the calcined material, as well as the multiple heterogeneous interfaces enhance the dielectric loss induced by polarization. Simultaneously, the 1D structure wrapped with PDA offers an efficient pathway for electron transfer, hence facilitating the enhancement of conductive loss. In addition, the CoNi-LDHs sheet layer stacked on the surface not only causes multiple scattering and reflections of electromagnetic waves, but also provides magnetic losses to optimize the impedance matching. Finally, radar cross section (RCS) simulations further reveal that the composite can dissipate electromagnetic energy in practical applications. Consequently, the 1D multilayer ZnO@CoNi/C composite exhibits an optimal reflection loss of −55 dB with a thickness of 2.3 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value of 6.8 GHz when the filling ratio is only 20 wt%. In summary, this paper provides a new direction for the fabrication of 1D multilayer nonhomogeneous interfacial absorbers with excellent performance.

Fan Stage Design and Performance Optimization for Low Specific Thrust Turbofans

In modern turbofan engines, the bypass section of the fan stage alone provides the majority of the total thrust required in cruise, and the size of the fan has a considerable effect on the overall engine weight and nacelle drag. Thrust requirements in different parts of the flight envelope must also be satisfied together with sufficient margins towards stalling. An accurate description of the interdependencies between the relevant performance and design attributes of the fan stage alone—such as efficiency, surge margin, fan-face Mach number, stage loading, flow coefficient, and aspect ratio—are therefore necessary to estimate system-level objectives such as mission fuel burn and the direct operating cost with enough confidence during the conceptual design phase. The contribution of this study is to apply a parametric optimization approach to the conceptual design of fan stages for low specific thrust turbofans based on the streamline curvature method. Trade-offs between fan stage attributes for Pareto-optimal solutions are modeled by training Kriging surrogate models on the results from the parametric optimization. A case study is provided in the end to demonstrate the potential implications of including a higher level of fan-stage parameter interdependency in an engine systems model. Results implied that being able to predict the rotor solidity required to maintain a given average blade loading—in addition to stage efficiency—is of significant importance when it comes to evaluating the trade-off between engine weight and thrust-specific fuel consumption.

Smart optimization algorithms to enhance an axial turbine performance for wave energy conversion

One of the potential options for usage in wave energy conversion systems of the oscillating water column (OWC) type is the Wells turbine. Because of its relatively small output power and limited operating range, the cost of producing power increases, so the Wells turbine can only be used in a few ocean locations. Early deterioration of the turbine's performance resulted from the early turbine stall, which limits the power produced and the operating range because it does not operate in stall conditions. The current work aims to increase the Wells turbine's output power and operating range through a new turbine design. This design aims to integrate variable tip clearance design and casing groove design. A response surface optimization technique based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to determine the optimum dimensions of the new design. The present study utilized the toolbox for response surface optimization of the ANSYS software. Five geometrical parameters for the new turbine design were used as inputs for the optimization approach. At a flow coefficient of 0.250, the optimization technique sought to optimize the Wells turbine's torque coefficient (CT). The Wells turbine's average and maximum torque coefficients are improved by 39.13% and 74.32%, respectively. Compared to the typical design, the optimized design expands the operating range (OR) of the Wells turbine by 33.33%. The torque coefficient and efficiency of the enhanced Wells turbine increase by 82.97% and 71.64%, respectively, at a flow coefficient of 0.250. The torque coefficient modification factor of the enhanced Wells turbine is increased by 94.78% compared to the typical turbine. Based on a detailed flow analysis, the optimal new design reduces the axial flow velocities near the suction side on most of the blade span, which delays the flow's separation toward the trailing edge, which delays the inception of the enhanced turbine stall.

Project module for strengthening the profile of Pancasila students in the perspective of 21st-century learning design microsoft

The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the content of the module in terms of 21st-century learning design (21 CLD) dimensions. This study adopts a qualitative approach by applying the content analysis method of Krippendorff's model. The object of content analysis is the project module for strengthening the profile of Pancasila students with the theme of local wisdom for phase A of elementary school. The researcher is the primary tool employed in this study. The content analysis instrument uses a rubric that microsoft developed to determine the dimension level of each learning activity in the module. The data is collected using six phases to analyze the content, explicitly unitizing, sampling, recording, reducing, abductively inferring, and narrating. The project module for strengthening the profile of Pancasila students was identified as containing 5 of the six dimensions of microsoft's 21 CLD.

Applications of Differential Geometry of Curves in Roads Design

Abstract An important role in the roads design is played by plane curves, if the road lies on a plane surface and by space curves, if the road can not be embeded in a plane. This article presents some work done in the two and three dimensional roads design, by using the differential geometry methods. A study of a general case for plane roads is given.