Design Dimensions Research Articles

Dasein Ist Design: An Ontological Discussion of Design in the Ecological Crisis Time

The paper introduces preventive innovation as a possible way for design to address global challenges within the broader context of the Bio Revolution, understood as a dual convergence – technological and cultural – between biology and artifice. The interrelated condition, amplified by environmental crises and technologies that go so far as to recreate nature, requires a broader reflection on innovation and a proactive and preventive attitude that allows us to develop a new awareness of the reality surrounding us. To focus on the ontological dimension of design in this context, we will describe part of the results of “Biovision of the Future”, a research and critical reflection path promoted by the authors with the contribution of Stefano Marzano. The results under discussion are five “attitudes” deriving from the critical reconsideration of some paths that design takes in the Bio Revolution. These may be valuable references for design approaches aimed at preventive and post-anthropocentric innovation.

Burning approaches to tensing the present: a new political dimension of design

The contribution presents a preliminary reflection on the nature of design in our “post-political” scenario. It argues that design increasingly embraces critical thinking and antagonistic practices to push on social reality and bring about change. The document explores theoretical reconfigurations of design drawing on the ideas of contemporary thinkers and examines case studies of critical-making approaches that support the proposed critical framework. The primary objective of the contribution is to uphold the inherently political nature of design. It underscores the significance of “disagreement” as a foundation for the project. The investigation calls for critical thinking and the necessary process of “decolonization” within the field of design. The overall argument advocates for a political design that embraces dissent, criticality, and speculation, intending to reshape the boundaries of the discipline and address the crises and conflicts of our time.

Doing Good Business? Design Leaders' Perspectives on Ethics in Design

Design is not neutral but involves ethical aspects, from addressing power dynamics to enabling broader accessibility and inclusion. In industry settings, design leaders can play an essential role in promoting ethical design by, for instance, setting visions, developing and advocating values, and providing guidance for design. Through co-design workshops with ten design leaders working in Sweden, we investigated how these professionals envision the cultivation-that is, the development, promotion, and dissemination-of ethically responsible design. Our study outlines what the participants regard as the main problems that stifle ethical design and designing, and how to practically address them. The findings highlight that design leaders consider the lack of awareness about the ethical dimensions of design to be one of the main problems. Additionally, they point to various strategies for addressing the problems, such as communicating compelling reasons for prioritizing ethics, creating inclusive and welcoming spaces for collaborative problem-solving and learning about ethics, and folding ethics into current practices. This could involve, for instance, adding the dimension of ethics to 'design critique' sessions, or re-evaluating portfolio reviews to prioritize diversity in recruitment. We conclude by discussing design leaders' potential for furthering ethically responsible design, and provide a practical tool, a design brief, to support this endeavor.

A novel fragment specific classification of complex olecranon fractures: 3-dimensional model design, radiological validation, and proposed surgical algorithm

BackgroundCurrent classifications for proximal ulna fracture patterns rely on qualitative data and cannot inform surgical planning. We propose a new classification system based on a biological and anatomical stress analysis. Our hypothesis is that fragment types in complex fractures can be predicted by the tendon and ligament attachments on the proximal ulna. MethodFirst, we completed a literature review to identify quantitative data on proximal ulna soft tissue attachments. On this basis, we created a 3D model of ulnar anatomy with SliceOMatic and Catia V5R20 software, and determined likely locations for fragments and fracture lines. The second part of the study was a retrospective radiological study. A level-one trauma radiological database was used to identify CT scans of multifragmentary olecranon fractures from 2009 to 2021. These were reviewed and classified according to the “fragment specific” classification and compared to the Mayo and the Schatzker classifications. ResultsTwelve articles (134 elbows) met the inclusion criteria and seven potential fracture fragments were identified. The radiological study included 67 preoperative CT scans (mean 55 years). The fragments identified were: Posterior (40%), intermediate (42%), tricipital (100%), supinator crest (25%), coronoid (18%), sublime tubercle (12%) and anteromedial facet (18%). Eighteen cases (27%) were classified as Schatzker D (comminutive) and 21 (31%) Mayo 2B (stable comminutive). Inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.71 among 3 observers. ConclusionThis proposed classification system is anatomically based and considers the deforming forces from ligaments and tendons. Having a more comprehensive understanding of complex proximal ulna fractures would lead to more accurate fracture evaluation and surgical planning.

Computation of corona generated ionic current environment of unipolar UHVDC transmission lines using gas bimolecular collision theory

Corona on UHVDC transmission line conductors initiates corona power loss and the inevitable ionic current flow environment at ground level. To limit this substantial flow of ionic current at ground levels, it is necessary to establish an appropriate line design configuration, including the diameter of the line conductor and the height level above the ground. It is a tedious and expensive process to establish this appropriate line design solely based on experimental findings. Hence, the computational based numerical analysis with the support of final experimental validation aids in arriving at a safe and optimal transmission line design dimension configuration. Thus, the ionic current flow environment of UHVDC transmission lines may be characterized by ionized space charge density, ionic current flow, and electrical field distribution. To estimate this ionic current flow, it is necessary to estimate the ionized space charge density in the ionization region, which incorporates the solution of the Poisson's equation. It is intricate to solve Poisson's equation with known boundary conditions: as ionization process depends on the atmospheric parameters also. Multiple computational techniques are developed to estimate the corona generated ionic current environment under the HVDC lines by waiving these atmospheric parameter effects and claims the lack of computational accuracy. In this paper, the unipolar corona equation, usually called Poisson's equation was solved by estimating the space charge ion density using the concept of gas bimolecular collision theory. The gas bimolecular collision theory inculcates the procedure to estimate the collisional reaction rate constant between the gas molecules at given atmospheric temperature and pressure parameters. Therefore, this paper developed a unique equation solution for the estimation of transition of the ionic current magnitudes at known atmospheric temperature and pressure ambient conditions. This unique equation solution prevents the multiple actual testing procedures offers to obtain safe and optimal line design dimension configurations. Multiple experimental studies are carried out up to ± 900 kV to compare the computed results in the outdoor and indoor climatic conditions at the ultra-high voltage laboratory, CPRI. Also, the computed results are compared with the results published in the literature. Based on the comparison of results, the developed computational technique exactly matches the experimental results and claims improved accuracy compared to other computational techniques.

A new CoCoSo ranking-based QFD approach in Pythagorean fuzzy environment and its application on evaluating design attributes of mobile medical App

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-driven product development technique that converts customer requirements (CRs) into design attributes (DAs) of a product and service. Nevertheless, in real situations, the traditional QFD method has been found that possesses some deficiencies, such as the accuracy assessment of relationships between CRs and DAs, and the inter-relationships among DAs. To fill in the above gaps, this study develops a new QFD approach by a CoCoSo-based ranking method under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. To begin with, an extended Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is proposed to identify the relationships within DAs. Second, the aggregation method of the weighted average method and objective penalty function are propounded to construct the programming models for calculating the importance of DAs under Pythagorean fuzzy setting. Third, a new CoCoSo-based ranking method for Pythagorean triangular fuzzy numbers (PTrFNs) is proposed to obtain the ranking of DAs. Lastly, a case regarding “Ping An Health” mobile medical App is carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed QFD approach. The results show that the top DA is perceptibility. Therefore, perceptibility should be focus on firstly in the “Ping An Health” App design, such as system fluency, interface comfort and network stability. Additionally, the results show that the new QFD can express experts’ hesitant assessment information, deal with the interrelations among DAs, and yield more precise rankings of DAs in QFD.

Enhancing thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air collectors through three-dimensional airflow using novel artificial roughness designs

BackgroundThe solar air collectors involve exploring their design, efficiency, and performance attributes. Common challenges include addressing issues such as small convective heat transfer coefficients between the air and the absorber, which can result to higher absorber plate temperatures and heightened thermal losses. Through the incorporation of artificial roughness onto the collector plate with a suitable design, it is possible to disrupt the shear layer and improve the convective coefficient. MethodsThis study focuses on hydrodynamic and thermal analyses to identify optimal chicane shapes and arrangements, such as CTPrism, CRRec, and CR, planted on the bottom wall of a solar air collector. Thermo-hydraulic performances are investigated using comprehensive CFD simulations, validated by experimental data and comparing them to smooth ducts. Significant findingsIn this work, a novel hydrodynamic and thermal analysis is introduced, demonstrating that the utilization of (CTPrism) shapes arranged in a staggered configuration leads to a significant enhancement of 68 % in heat transfer and 95 % in turbulent intensity. Consequently, there is an improvement in thermo-hydraulic performance, reaching up to 2.39, while still maintaining moderate friction losses.

Impact of tapered leading-edge micro-cylinder on the performance of wells turbine for wave energy conversion: CFD-optimization algorithms coupling study

Oscillating water column-based Wells turbine is one of the potential possibilities for wave energy conversion. The early turbine stall caused an early performance loss, limiting the power produced and the operating range. The present work intends to boost the output power and operating range of the Wells turbine by using a tapered leading-edge micro-cylinder. This design is unique in that the micro-cylinder's diameter and its distance from the leading-edge change along the blade span. A response surface optimization technique based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to determine the optimal dimensions of the new design. Utilizing the optimal new design in the upgraded Wells turbine significantly increases power output and operating range, specifically by 78.13% and 33.33%, respectively. According to comprehensive flow analysis, the novel micro-cylinder design generates a pair of vortices that successfully reduce axial flow velocities close to the suction side across a sizable portion of the blade span. This, in turn, results in the postponement of flow separation towards the trailing edge.

Design improvement for suction shape in rotary compressor

Rotary compressors applied to heating and cooling cycles accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumed in the system. Therefore, improving compressor efficiency is crucial in order to reduce energy consumption. Design review and improvement efforts have primarily focused on compression and discharge parts with high pressure. However, due to the limitations in design improvements for the compression and discharge parts, enhancements for other components are necessary to further increase compressor efficiency. In this study, the design of the suction part of the rotary compressor was modified using FSI (Fluid-Structure Interact) analysis scheme. In order to improve the design of the suction shape, new suction shape types were devised as alternatives to the existing through type. Both the newly devised C-type and E-type suction shapes presented an increase in cooling capacity due to reduced suction resistance, with the E-type demonstrating greater improvement compared to the C-type. Consequently, a verification of the effect based on the detailed design dimensions was further conducted for the E-type suction shape. The final selected improved model increased the suction flow rate by approximately 2.5% compared to the base model. This indicates that significant improvement for the compressor efficiency can be achieved through modifying designs in parts other than the compression and discharge sections. In addition, a design improvement process was established to analyze internal flow using FSI analysis.

Designing Effective Volunteering Appeals: Results of Choice-Based Conjoint and Latent Class Segmentation Analyses

Volunteers represent an important resource for nonprofit organizations. The competition for volunteers is rising, increasing the pressure to optimize volunteer recruiting. One way to recruit volunteers is the use of volunteering appeals. To help optimize such volunteering appeals, we conducted two conjoint studies to identify the importance of design attributes of volunteering appeals as well as the utilities of the different attribute levels for potential volunteers by using choice-based conjoint analysis. The conjoint analyses are based on two student samples. We provide a segmentation of volunteers, allowing nonprofit organizations to design volunteering appeals according to specific target groups.

Ethics of generative AI and manipulation: a design-oriented research agenda

Generative AI enables automated, effective manipulation at scale. Despite the growing general ethical discussion around generative AI, the specific manipulation risks remain inadequately investigated. This article outlines essential inquiries encompassing conceptual, empirical, and design dimensions of manipulation, pivotal for comprehending and curbing manipulation risks. By highlighting these questions, the article underscores the necessity of an appropriate conceptualisation of manipulation to ensure the responsible development of Generative AI technologies.

Implementation of socially assistive robots in geriatric care institutions: Healthcare professionals' perspectives and identification of facilitating factors and barriers.

The successful integration of socially assistive robots in geriatric care settings hinges on the attitudes and opinions of healthcare professionals. This study explored their needs, expectations, and perceptions regarding robot use, including facilitating factors and barriers to implementation. Twenty professionals participated in semi-structured interviews that covered topics such as robot applications, perceived value, acceptance criteria, prerequisites for deployment, ethical considerations, and design attributes. These interviews were analyzed using a deductive qualitative approach guided by the European Network for Health Technology Assessment model (version 3.0). Results indicated that professionals generally viewed robots favorably, noting their usefulness in various non-intimate tasks like meal assistance and toileting. Ease of use was identified as a critical factor for robot adoption in geriatric care. Furthermore, the necessity of educating all stakeholders and providing comprehensive training to professionals emerged as essential for successful implementation. The discussions also included financial and ethical issues related to the introduction of these technologies. These findings will contribute to develop guidelines for designing and deploying socially assistive robots that align with the preferences and requirements of geriatric care professionals.

Yi Lacquerware Artistic Characteristics of Modern Art Design Applications

This article delves into the cultural background and artistic elements of Yi lacquerware, exploring their integration with modern art design concepts to underscore the imperative of preserving Yi lacquerware in today’s society. The focus lies on innovatively blending the visual aspects of traditional Yi handicrafts into contemporary art design, ensuring the retention of Yi cultural characteristics while addressing modern aesthetic and functional requirements. Through a detailed examination of the application of Yi lacquerware’s artistic attributes in modern design, the article derives pertinent design strategies that serve as a dual legacy — preserving traditional ethnic culture and offering a substantial contribution to the realm of contemporary art.

Impact of coordination mechanisms based on information and communication technologies on cross-level clinical coordination: A scoping review.

Coordination mechanisms based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) are gaining attention, especially since the pandemic, due to their potential to improve communication between health professionals. However, their impact on cross-level clinical coordination remains unclear. The aim is to synthesize the evidence on the impact of ICT-based coordination mechanisms on clinical coordination between primary care and secondary care (SC) doctors and to identify knowledge gaps. A scoping review was conducted by searching for original articles in six electronic databases and a manual search, with no restrictions regarding time, area, or methodology. Titles and abstracts were screened. Full texts of the selected articles were reviewed and analysed to assess the impact of each mechanism, according to the cross-level clinical coordination conceptual framework. Of the 6555 articles identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria. All had been conducted in high-income countries, most (n = 26) evaluated the impact of a single mechanism - asynchronous electronic consultations via electronic health records (EHR) - and were limited in terms of design and types and dimensions of cross-level clinical coordination analysed. The evaluation of electronic consultations showed positive impacts on the appropriateness of referrals and accessibility to SC, yet the qualitative studies also highlighted potential risks. Studies on other mechanisms were scarce (shared EHR, email consultations) or non-existent (videoconferencing, mobile applications). Evidence of the impact of ICT-based mechanisms on clinical coordination between levels is limited. Rigorous evaluations are needed to inform policies and strategies for improving coordination between healthcare levels, thus contributing to high-quality, efficient healthcare.

Sorting on Byte-Addressable Storage: The Resurgence of Tree Structure

The tree structure is notably popular for storage and indexing; however, tree-based sorting such as tree sort is rarely used in practice. Nevertheless, with the advent of byte-addressable storage (BAS), the tree structure captures our attention with its write-once property. This property aligns well with BAS's asymmetric read-write characteristics. In this paper, we seek to answer the question: Can tree-based sorting algorithms outperform existing algorithms in the hybrid DRAM-BAS system? To address this, first, we conduct a comprehensive study to assess the compatibility of existing sorting algorithms with such hybrid memory systems and explore the challenges. We then delve into various design dimensions of tree-sort algorithms which leads to an optimized variant, TSort. Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted among three different sets of sorting algorithms, including in-place sorts, external sorts, and tree-based sorts. The results indicate that TSort not only challenges the traditional negative perceptions of the tree structure in sorting but also exhibits excellent performance. It outperforms all other counterparts across diverse datasets, whether uniformly distributed or skewed, in most cases.

Research on the Relationship between Bamboo-Based Product Design Attributes and Consumer Satisfaction

Abstract Sustainable low-carbon design is actively guiding the public's green consumption and use of forest resources. With the slogan of replacing plastic with bamboo and the optimization of bamboo's organizational structure and processing form, bamboo is becoming more and more designable. However, we found that there are still many views expressing dissatisfaction with bamboo products, among which homogeneity and insufficient design differentiation are the most frequent. On the basis of this, we obtained attributes for measuring bamboo product satisfaction through literature review, conducted a questionnaire survey of 463 customers to obtain data, and empirically analyzed attributes such as product creativity (PC), product quality (PQ), product fashion (PF), soft added value (SV), and shopping convenience (SC). We assessed the impact on consumer satisfaction (CS), as well as the impact on satisfaction under the moderating effect of brand image (BI). The results show that PF, BI, PC, and PQ positively affect CS; PF, PQ, and SV positively affect the BI; PF, SV, and PQ positively affect CS through the intermediary effect of BI. SV has an insignificant effect on CS, but can positively affect CS through BI, indicating that there is a partial mediating effect of BI. However, the mediating effect of BI on PC, SC, and CS has not been verified. Finally, on the basis of the conclusions, several countermeasures and suggestions for bamboo product innovation are put forward.

Optimized Ferromagnetic Core Magnetorquer Design and Testing for LEO Nanosatellite Attitude Control

Magnetorquers are a very suitable solution for the nanosatellite’s attitude and orbital control of low Earth orbit (LEO) given its constraints: small available volume, limited power consumption, and maximum weight limitation. In this work, an optimized ferromagnetic core magnetorquer is designed for LEO nanosatellites, considering the geometrical, electrical, and magnetic parameters in an electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA). The final design dimensions are 10.9 mm diameter and 100 mm in length, with a ferromagnetic core made of high performance soft magnetic alloy Vacoflux50 measuring 5 mm diameter and 100 mm in length. Magnetorquer geometry has been optimized to achieve a very high compactness, reaching an optimal combination of high specific magnetic moment and magnetic moment-input power ratio at the same time. It shows a maximum magnetic moment of 1.42 Am2, a magnetic moment-input power ratio of 2.52 Am2/W, and a specific magnetic moment of 22.5 Am2/kg, with a power consumption of 0.565 W and 0.5 A. Such a combination of high-performance values has not been previously found. Furthermore, it has displayed higher magnetic moment and specific magnetic moment than previous prototypes in literature. The simulated model is validated with the experimental testing of a manufactured prototype, by measuring the magnetic and electric variables.

Reliability Thermal Design, Simulation and Experimental Verification of Electronic Monitoring Unit for Magnetic Resonance System

The monitoring unit used in the nuclear magnetic resonance system, as an important unit of the system, faces a high thermal risk during its entire life cycle. This paper ensures the high efficiency and reliability of the thermal design of the product module from the two dimensions of structural design and device derating design. In order to reduce the risk of thermal design of electronic modules and comprehensively verify the effectiveness of thermal design of electronic modules, the design verification is carried out by combining simulation and experiment. In the simulation process, by establishing a thermal simulation model at the circuit board level, the crustal temperature of the core device is numerically calculated, and the index is compared with the thermal design index value and the test value, on the one hand, to verify the correctness of the simulation model. On the other hand, the validity of thermal design is verified. In the testing process, a thermal test platform for product modules is built, and the thermal characteristics test values of the core components of the module under extreme electrical conditions are obtained, and the corresponding conversion methods are used to predict the thermal performance and thermal design margin of the product at different altitudes. The results show that the electronic module can meet the thermal design requirements in terms of structural design and derating design of core components, and can ensure that the product module can work safely and reliably during the entire life cycle of the NMR system.

Accelerated modeling and design of a mixed refrigerant cryogenic process using a data-driven approach

Cryogenic processes with mixed refrigerants are prevalent in energy-intensive chemical industries, enhancing energy efficiency while reducing costs and unit size. However, the curse of dimensionality and process design constraints pose significant hurdles for effective screening and optimization. To tackle this, we developed a neural network model for natural gas liquefaction prediction. Trained on an extensive Aspen HYSYS database, our ML model accurately simulates LNG processes, with an impressive R2 test value of 99.63, operating almost ten million times faster than HYSYS. It effectively addresses vital process design constraints, including liquid slugging and temperature cross, crucial for optimization. By integrating the ML model with genetic and Nelder–Mead algorithms, we achieve an 8.9% reduction in total exergy, outperforming Aspen HYSYS within the same time frame. Our study underscores ML’s significance in modeling energy-intensive chemical processes, providing insights into the exergy profile and enabling feature importance analysis.

The retail environment design (RED) scale: conceptualization and measurement

PurposeDesign is an important construct in the retail environment literature. Yet, the measures used for design have not followed appropriate scale development procedures. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual definition and then develop a scale for retail environment design (RED).Design/methodology/approachInterviews with both consumers and marketing researchers are used to generate a potential list of items. Using four different studies, these items are refined, and the RED scale is offered.FindingsThis study develops and validates the four-dimensional RED scale to measure the design of retail environments. The dimensions are functional, aesthetic, lighting and signage.Research limitations/implicationsThe newly developed RED scale will allow retailing researchers to measure lighting and signage qualities as part of retail design, measure design of retail environments more accurately and allow different studies to be compared.Practical implicationsThe newly developed RED scale will allow retailers to better understand customers’ perceptions of the four dimensions of design. Retailers spend significant time and money designing and redesigning retail environments. The RED scale will enable managers to ensure these significant investments create competitive advantages and an appropriate return on investment.Originality/valueA scale to measure retail environment design is developed. The scale includes two dimensions (lighting and signage) that are not typically investigated.