Attractiveness Index Research Articles

Методика сравнительного анализа инвестиционной привлекательности организаций

The methods of comparing the organizations in terms of their investment attractiveness in order to choose the best alternative have been developed. The main external and internal factors of the organization's investment attractiveness are selected as the stages of the methodology. Evaluation criteria are defined for each factor, depending on the compliance with which the factor score is determined. To assess the level of investment attractiveness of the country it is proposed to use the Global Attractiveness Index (GAI). The index allows to divide the countries into groups with high attractiveness, medium-high level of attractiveness, medium-low level and low level of attractiveness. In the methodology, the score depends on the group to which the country is assigned according to the GAI index. The assessment of the investment attractiveness of the region is carried out according to the integral indicator of investment attractiveness of the regions, which is calculated by the Expert RA agency. The regions are divided into three groups of investment attractiveness: A, B, C. The score of this factor depends on the group to which the region is assigned. It is proposed to assess the financial well-being of the organization based on the analysis of indicators of financial stability, liquidity, profitability, probability of bankruptcy. The degree of compliance with the standards will determine the score of the factor. The score of the investment experience factor is stipulated by the assessment of the organization’s investments during its operation, their size and effectiveness. It is proposed to evaluate the attitude of the market to the enterprise in accordance with the dynamics of indicators (applying the Golden Rule of Economics). The listed factors are proposed to be considered through the prism of the investor’s goals: minimizing country risks, financial feasibility of projects and dynamic development of the organization. The weight of the factors depends on the choice of the goal. The sum of the products of each factor score on its weight determines the value of the indicator of the organization investment attractiveness, according to which it is possible to compare various alternatives to the investor’s investments, as well as to evaluate the dynamics of the attractiveness of an individual object over time.

A Hierarchical Passenger Mobility Prediction Model Applicable to Large Crowding Events

Predicting individual mobility of subway passengers in large crowding events is crucial for subway safety management and crowd control. However, most previous models focused on individual mobility prediction under ordinary conditions. Here, we develop a passenger mobility prediction model, which is also applicable to large crowding events. The developed model includes the trip-making prediction part and the trip attribute prediction part. For trip-making prediction, we develop a regularized logistic regression model that employs the proposed individual and cumulative mobility features, the number of potential trips, and the trip generation index. For trip attribute prediction, we develop an n -gram model incorporating a new feature, the trip attraction index, for each cluster of subway passengers. The incorporation of the three new features and the clustering of passengers considerably improves the accuracy of passenger mobility prediction, especially in large crowding events.

Technical advances on current research trends and explore the future scope on nutrient recovery from waste-streams: a review and bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2020.

An exponentially growing global population has led to an increase in nutrient pollution in different aqueous bodies. Although different processes have successfully removed nutrients from wastewater on a large scale, a limited number of studies have been reported on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and future potential of physical, chemical, and biological nutrient recovery methods to overcome the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, researchers need to understand current research trends by applying different approaches to investigate higher efficient nutrient recovery technologies. In this article, the research patterns and in-depth review of various nutrient recovery processes have been circumscribed with the application of bibliometric and attractive index (AAI) vs. activity index (AI) analysis. The performance, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of different nutrient recovery methods have also been addressed. More than 70% of study publications were published in the last decade in chemical and biological processes, which might be related to more rigorous effluent quality rules and increasing water pollution. The future prediction in the field of nutrient recovery has been predicted using S-curve analysis, and it was found that the number of publications in the saturated state in chemical methods was highest. However, the growth rate of the biological-based nutrient recovery methods is greater, which may be because of their huge research scope, cost-effectiveness, and easy operation methods. This study can assist researchers in understanding the current research scenario in nutrient recovery techniques and provide the research scope in nutrient recovery from wastewater in the future.

Where can the elderly walk? A spatial multi-criteria method to increase urban pedestrian accessibility

In terms of residual physical activities suitable for most elderly individuals, walking is also the favoured form of mobility in this group, in particular for those aged 75 and over. For this segment of the population, walking represents the main means of accessing urban services and actively participating in community life. It is thus essential to improve both the physical and functional organization of urban areas to develop comfortable and safe walking paths for the elderly and the other weak segments of population. Therefore, this study provides a methodology for classifying a neighbourhood as more or less accessible for the elderly to reach urban services on the basis of its favourable characteristics.Based on the results of a literature review and Delphi analysis, the fuzzy technique was applied to evaluate the security and urban context characteristics, both in terms of the pedestrian network and built environment.The obtained weights, validated by a sensitivity analysis, were then used to calculate a walking attractiveness index for the elderly using a GIS tool.The methodology was then tested in two neighbourhoods of Naples; the outputs show the areas that local decision-makers should prioritise to improve the safety and attractiveness of routes to access urban services.

INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE AS A DOMINANT ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM THE EUROPEAN SPACE: ANALYSIS, EVALUATION

The purpose of study is to determine the investment attractiveness of the country and regions as factors that are critical to attracting foreign direct investment from the EU. Foreign direct investments serve as a source of capital growth, providing the most effective integration of the national economy into European and contributing to the attraction of advanced technologies, modern methods of business management as well. Прямі іноземні інвестиції – джерело приросту капіталу, що забезпечують найбільш ефективну інтеграцію національної економіки в европейську та сприяють залученню передових технологій, сучасних методів ведения бізнесу. Over the past ten years, there is an unstable dynamics of foreign direct investment receipt to economy of Ukraine. FDI in Ukraine from the EU countries is conventionally divided into three stages: 2010-2013 - a relatively stable level, 2014-2016 - a rapid fall, 2017-2020 - moderate growth. Based on the results of international ratings, the need to determine the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of ecological and economic imperative is proved.Particular attention is granted to identify Ukraine's position by the Environmental Performance Index compared to countries of the world and Europe. The methodology for determining the investment attractiveness of the country is proposed, which provides for the formation of a General Index of investment attractiveness of the country based on international Indexes:DoingBusiness, Global Competitiveness, EBA Investment Attractiveness, Environment Performance Index. Significant differentiation of FDI funds in the regions of Ukraine is explained by their economic development, the largest volume enters industrially developed regions. A significant correlation between FDI in Ukrainian regions and volume of products in the regions was revealed. The determinants of the attractiveness of the regions that influence the decisions of investors to invest are identified. The methodical approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the regions of Ukraine, which is based on generalized indicators of financial- economic and ecologically oriented direction, is proposed. The assessment was carried out and a dynamic analysis of the investment attractiveness of regions according to the proposed methodology was made, which allowed to determine their rating of investment attractiveness.

Attractiveness index of national marine parks: A study on national marine parks in coastal areas of East China Sea

Abstract Balancing the development and protection of national marine parks in a suitable way is of great SIGNIFICANCE for environmental sustainability. Tourism attractiveness is an important indicator for measuring this development. In this study, by searching through online reviews of the national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea, and by analyzing tourists’ perceptions of them, an indicator system for tourism attraction was established. Natural attributes, supporting facilities, service experience, and tours were taken as secondary indicators. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process with questionnaires to calculate the attractiveness index of national marine parks. The study finds that national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea have a higher level of tourist satisfaction and attractiveness, but that more attention needs to be paid to supporting facilities, as tourists currently find them insufficient. Among these, natural attributes are an important factor affecting the attractiveness of the marine parks, while special cuisine, customer experience, public transportation, and attitudes are all indicators with higher weight within the attractiveness index. The tourism attractiveness of national marine parks was investigated quantitatively and the indicators affecting the tourism attractiveness index were illustrated clearly.

Projected impacts of climate change on tourism in the Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are a leading tourist destination. Their strong economic dependence on this sector makes them vulnerable to climate change. The steep orography of the islands causes impact of climate change and their potential influence on tourism to be spatially heterogenous. To account for this variability, regional climate simulations were computed using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) numerical weather prediction model driven by the results of three CMIP5 global climate models as boundary conditions, using two different future greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the projections. The simulations were performed at a spatial resolution of 3 km for three 30-year periods, recent past (1980–2009), mid-century (2030–2059), and end-century (2070–2099). For two widely used indices of tourist attractiveness (the Tourism Climate Index TCI and the Holiday Climate Index HCI), the coastal region of most islands currently has between 20 and 30 “excellent” and “ideal” days per month for tourism, with a decrease at higher elevations. Future leisure conditions are expected to improve at higher locations and during the autumn, winter and spring. In the RCP8.5 scenario, “excellent” days are projected to increase in winter at the end of the century. Nevertheless, in the southern areas, where most of the hotel infrastructure is located, the indices indicate significantly worsened conditions in summer, with only a few “excellent” days expected in some locations. Thermal comfort was identified as the most important factor determining the expected changes.

Rural Tourism Opportunity Spectrum: Linking People and Landscape for Spatial Planning

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop a low-cost method for tourism opportunity spectrum evaluation in rural landscapes. The method uses the geographic information system (GIS) for spatial analysis of the problem. Open source materials are used in the evaluation. Three principal indices derived from spatial data are evaluated: attraction index, view index, and access index. These form the basis for tourism suitability and opportunity spectrum evaluation. The analysis is realized for two types of tourists: those using cars, and hikers. The method permits the current state of tourism to be identified, and points out possible ways for further development as well as identifying valuable but overexploited zones which should be conserved. The obtained results can improve the sustainable management of landscapes and enhance the profits of rural areas.

Greenfield FDI attractiveness index: a machine learning approach

Purpose This study aims to propose a comprehensive greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness index using exploratory factor analysis and automated machine learning (AML). We offer offer a robust empirical measurement of location-choice factors identified in the FDI literature through a novel method and provide a tool for assessing the countries' investment potential. Design/methodology/approach Based on five conceptual key sub-domains of FDI, We collected quantitative indicators in several databases with annual data ranging from 2006 to 2019. This study first run a factor analysis to identify the most important features. It then uses AML to assess the relative importance of each resultant factor and generate a calibrated index. AML computational algorithms minimize predictive errors, explore patterns in the data and make predictions in an empirically robust way. Findings Openness conditions and economic growth are the most relevant factors to attract FDI identified in the study. Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malta and Ireland are the top five countries with the highest overall greenfield attractiveness index. This study also presents specific indices for the three sectors: energy, financial services, information and communication technology (ICT) and electronics. Originality/value Existent indexes present deficiencies in conceptualization and measurement, lacking theoretical foundation, arbitrary selection of factors and use of limited linear models. This study’s index is developed in a robust three-stage process. The use of AML configures an advantage compared to traditional linear and additive models, as it selects the best model considering the predictive capacity of many models simultaneously.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЬ УКРАЇНИ: ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА КЛЮЧОВІ ВЕКТОРИ ВИРІШЕННЯ

The article examines the essence of the concept of "investment attractiveness" and defines the main prerequisites for attracting funds to the economy of Ukraine. In essence, the country's investment attractiveness is a characteristic that reflects the profitability or disadvantage of investing money in the country. Attention is focused on the results of the influence of economic, social and geopolitical factors on the country's investment attractiveness. Key factors of Ukraine's investment attractiveness are highlighted.
 The authors analyzed the size of direct foreign investments in Ukraine during 2018–2022. The list of the main investor countries in Ukraine in 2021 is given. The most attractive industries for foreign investment in Ukraine have been analyzed. The investment attractiveness index of Ukraine was evaluated during 2018-2022.
 We believe that one of the prerequisites for the stable economic development of the country and its regions is the formation and maintenance of a favorable investment image in the minds of potential investors. The defining task of state policy in the field of investment activity is the formation of a favorable investment climate and the reduction of investment risk for foreign investors.
 The main problems of the development of investment activities in Ukraine are outlined. Russia's full-scale military aggression against Ukraine continues to lead the list of factors that have a negative impact on the investment climate, attacks on the Ukrainian energy system are in second place, and corruption is in third place. Among the few positive changes, the business leaders highly rated granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession, the cancellation of customs duties and quotas for Ukrainian exports and "transport visa-free" from the EU.
 The authors provide strategic guidelines for the formation of a positive investment climate in Ukraine and analyze the causes of an unfavorable investment climate. Ways to increase investment attractiveness in Ukraine are proposed.
 We believe that investment attractiveness is a complex multifaceted economic category and reflects the complexity of the macroeconomic space from the point of view of the existing investment climate, the state and level of development of the relevant investment infrastructure. Effective implementation of investment activities is the foundation for the development of the economy of Ukraine, accelerates its integration into the European socio-economic space.

Refining the accessibility evaluation of urban green spaces with multiple sources of mobility data: A case study in Shenzhen, China

Urban green space (UGS) is an important component of urban resources which contributes to human physical and mental health. Studies on the accessibility of UGS under the two-step floating catchment (2SFCA) framework have recently received much attention. However, the effects of people’s actual mobility patterns have not been fully considered in current studies. Proposed in this study is an improved accessibility model called AM-Ga2SFCA, which refines the traditional Gaussian 2SFCA method with the actual mobility information extracted from mobile phone big data and online map. A new attractiveness index of UGS is implemented by combining the popularity evaluated by the PageRank algorithm and the actual utilisation based on buffer analysis. In addition, realistic travel time between each demand point and UGS is retrieved from the online map, which is further introduced into AM-Ga2SFCA as the travel cost. A case study is conducted in Shenzhen, China to validate the proposed model. Results show that the accessibility of UGS is strongly correlated with regional urbanization level, for example, higher accessibility generally occurred in the region with developed transportation and rich green resources. From the perspective of age groups and travel modes, we found that the environmental justice issue had already occurred in Shenzhen especially for the non-elderly: under the walk mode, nearly 80% of the non-elderly only shared 20% of UGS whilst approximately 80% of the elderly shared 30% of UGS. However, taxi or private vehicles can effectively alleviate the aforementioned phenomenon by reducing the Gini index to less than 0.5. The proposed model is expected to advance the understanding of UGS accessibility and facilitate effective planning to reduce environmental justice.

Bharat’s Solar Energy: An Analysis Using Porters Diamond Model with a Brief on Ancient Past for Environmentally Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Objective of this paper is to analyze solar energy as environmentally sustainable area of competitive advantage for Bharat using diamond model with a brief on its ancient past. Bharat is time tested philosophy and culture. Ancient genesis of Bharat was scientifically strong, economically prosperous and socially enlighten with Sun being the centripetal force. Bharat’s solar energy industry is in developing stage. Its ancient vedic school system explored “Pancha Bhuta” (five elements) as sun, space, water, air and earth giving knowledge to conduct life cordially in coexistence with these elements. Upon analyzing environmentally sustainable areas using diamond model it is found that Bharat is in advantageous position in area of solar energy.
 On solar energy front it is found Bharat has taken big leap with an objective of achieving 175 GW installation by 2025 of which 100 GW was achieved by 2020. Technological factor conditions PV and CSP of Bharat are highest in world and it stood second in 2017 on “Renewable Energy Attractiveness Index”. Geographical condition of four to seven kWh/m2 per day of solar energy is very favorable. Huge demand growth of 1118 Mtoe by 2025 to 1921 Mtoe by 2040 is driven by large solar energy corporations as front runners. Challenges to be addressed are grid connectivity, de-centralized production and consumption. To counter the perils of global warming, exploring solar energy as one of the environmentally sustainable areas is mandatory. Bharat can lead this race by creating competitive advantage derived from active support of government, innovation of low-cost solar technologies, present technologies and vedic history footing towards a sustainable future.

An Evolutionary Numerical Method of Supply Chain Trust Networks with the Degree of Distribution

We study the structure of supply chain trust networks (SCTNs) by analyzing the evolution of the networks. An SCTN here comprises enterprises in a fully competitive market connected through the preferential attachment mechanism. A Markov chain analysis is used to understand how various factors affect the structure of the SCTNs. The evolution of the SCTNs is also analyzed to identify the asymmetric conditions required for the degree distribution of the SCTNs to obey the power law distribution. The simulation results show that, when the degree of willingness to initiate a trust relationship and the attractiveness index of the supply chain networks meet certain criteria, the underlying network is of a scale-free nature.

Depok Eco-Friendly Library as an Educational Tourism Destination

Purpose: This study is to design a library in Depok City in West Java, Indonesia, which is a Central Government which is adjacent to Jakarta (the nation’s Capital) as well as to be able to support the City of Depok as an education city, and infiltration area.
 Research methods: It uses a descriptive method and divides into three stages: (1) data exploration by collecting related data and existing site conditions, (2) site and building analysis, (3) building design and making 3d model’s design.
 Findings: Understanding of surrounding conditions will be very helpful in designing eco-friendly building. Like wise with the building and site design that adapts to local environmental conditions will also provide comfort for the users themselves and even the surrounding residents.
 Implications: Creating an environmentally friendly library design by implementing the library tourism attractiveness index system will certainly make people interested in visiting continuously and getting positive benefits. The local and wider community not only gain knowledge but also freshness and happiness.

CONCEPTUAL IMPERATIVES FOR OPTIMIZING LABOR MIGRATION FLOWS FROM UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the impact of labor migration of citizens abroad on the international competitiveness of the country, as well as to outline the conceptual imperatives of optimizing the flows of labor migration from Ukraine to preserve the human capital of the country. Methodology. During the study, the dialectical method of scientific knowledge was used, as well as methods of scientific abstraction, generalization of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, the method of statistical and comparative analysis, the graphical method. Results. To identify the reasons for the threatening scale of Ukrainian labor emigration, the country's ranking positions in international rankings of economic freedom, ease of doing business, safest countries to live in, global competitiveness, investment attractiveness index and the Global Innovation Index were studied. Competitive advantages and threats to the Ukrainian labor market are described. Practical implications. It is proposed to reduce the excessive volume of labor migration from the country through the use of innovation potential (given the obvious competitive advantages of Ukraine in the innovation sphere, according to the authors, they have the potential for optimal adjustment of labor migration from Ukraine). A conceptual scheme for the optimization of labor migration flows from Ukraine has been developed. It is based on the assertion that human capacity building in the field of innovation is possible through international innovative cooperation in the system of higher education; one of the main opportunities for rapid innovative development of Ukraine is the participation in international innovation clusters (the application of cluster policy will contribute to the competitiveness of economic entities due to the potential of effective interaction between its participants due to their close geographical location, provides increased access to innovation, technology and highly skilled personnel, as well as reduced transaction costs; clustering is an effective mechanism for attracting foreign direct investment; the integration of national clusters into global value chains can significantly increase the level of the national technological base, increase the speed and quality of economic growth by increasing the international competitiveness of enterprises in the cluster. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists in deepening the theoretical and methodological foundations and developing practical approaches to the optimization of labor migration flows from Ukraine to ensure an adequate level of international competitiveness of the country. In particular, a conceptual scheme for the optimization of Ukraine's participation in migration processes has been substantiated and the steps of Ukraine's innovation policy for the preservation of the country's human capital have been outlined.

Synthetic thiophenes induce chromosomal damage and trigger apoptosis in human cancer cell lines

Thiophenes are heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with sulphur as the heteroatom. This class of substances has been shown to have several biological activities, including specific anti-proliferative effects against some cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of synthetic thiophenes using cell lines derived from human solid tumours. Different methodologies were employed to assess the cytotoxic effects of the compounds here named SB44, SB83, and SB200 (a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay, clonogenic assay, and annexin V staining) and to elucidate the chromosomal damage possibly involved in the triggered cell death (micronucleus, comet, and γ-H2AX assays). All tested thiophenes reduced cell survival regardless of the dose and duration of treatment. By contrast, compound SB200 manifested an attractive selectivity index towards the tumour cell lines under study. All the evaluated compounds caused chromosomal damage in vitro in the same way. The results imply that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis as a consequence of chromosomal damage. Taken together, the data suggest that the thiophenes tested herein are useful prototypes for the development of anti-cancer drugs.

The Prospect of Geotourism in the Cycloop Mountains Conservation Area Papua

The Cycloop mountains in Papua are a nature reserve conservation area that has diverse geology, biology and culture. This paper discusses the prospects of geotourism in Cycloop mountains based on a method of analyzing the community acceptability and tourists preferences, likewise the geosite attraction and geotourism sustainability. The results of analysis indicates that a) village communities in surrounding conservation area accept and wish to get involved in natural activities; b) local tourists are very dominant and motivated on outdoor recreation in groups; c) identified geosites has classified as from Quite Interesting to Interesting based on the index of attractiveness; and d) geotourism activity in the mountains Cycloop is categorized Quite Sustainable reviewed from the environment, society, economy and governance dimension. The exploration and the geological conservation to be the reliable activities in organizing the geotourism. Geotourism is likely to be applied to the conservation area as a form of implementation of the sustainable tourism concept.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ РЕГИОНА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ

The purpose of the article is to study theoretical and applied ideas on the possibility of managing the migration attractiveness of the region and the use of this information for the classification of Russian regions. The issue of regulating external and internal migration flows has become particularly important in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The author attempts to structure models describing different aspects of migration processes and systematize factors of migration attractiveness. It is noted that Russian regions are characterized by a high degree of diversity of migration attractiveness, which is confirmed by the indices based on migration flow indicators for 2000-2019. As a result of the research, the author presents the classification of Russian regions based on the analysis of the indices of interregional and international attractiveness. The leaders, middleclass and outsiders of migration attractiveness are given. It is shown that first of all the regions of the Center are among the leaders, but the subjects located in Siberia and the Far East are among the outsiders.

До питання про класифікацію індикаторів фондового ринку

The purpose of the article is to create a new approach to the classification of stock market indicators in economic theory. Three groups of indicators are proposed, including indicators of supply and demand, evolvement of stock market, and localization. The group of indicators of supply and demand is created on the basis of the market analysis standard in marketing research, including: capacity, capitalization, stock market turnover, stock indices, P/E index. Within the framework of this group, it is also proposed to use the indicator of IPO share in the capitalization of stock market, which demonstrates the degree of openness of the market and investors to new companies and is opposed to the characteristics of the conservatism of the stock market. Stock indices are considered separately and their classification is schematically created according to the calculation method, providing the stock indices, calculated using the method of arithmetic mean simple, geometric mean and arithmetic mean weighted. The belonging of the largest existing stock indices to a certain type in accordance with calculation is demonstrated. A practical explanation of the various approaches to the methodology for determining stock indices is presented. In the second group of development indicators, the following are highlighted: liquidity, profitability, volatility, and concentration of the stock market, by which it is possible to assess not only the quality characteristics, but also the level of evolvement of the stock market. The third group was created on the basis of localization, which interprets the characteristics of the stock market depending on its geographical affiliation. This group includes: the degree of development of equity capital, openness, transparency of the stock market, the level of risk of a separate country, the investment attractiveness index, the index of attractiveness of both venture and direct investments. It is identified that certain indicators determine the level of other indicators within this group. For each of the three groups of indicators, the essence of the indicator, the methodology for calculation and application were examined. There is also an explanation of the signs by which the indicators were assigned to a certain group of indicators in the proposed approach to their classification.

Влияние внешней привлекательности на трансферную стоимость футболистов

In this paper, we evaluated the impact of the attractiveness of a football player on the value of a transfer transaction, combining two deeply studied areas of research: factors affecting the value of transfer and a «beauty premium» of a player in this labor market. The determinants that affect the value of transfer value are based on the data of the transfer window 2017/2018 season. Three European football leagues were used for our calculations: La Liga, Premier League and Bundesliga. We used a two-step Heckman procedure to assess the impact of player’s attractiveness on a transfer value. We got the following results: physical attractiveness does not affect the decision to buy a player for money or zero transfer cost, but significantly affects the value of transfer transaction. An increase in 1 in the player’s attractiveness index increases the transfer value by 3.8%.