Human Attitudes Research Articles

Value-Based Concepts of the Art of Oratory

The relevance of the scientific article is that we, having separated from the “Soviet and post-Soviet” envi-ronment, are in search of ourselves, trying to fill the space of the yesterday's axiological cognition with the values of new content, seeking to find our place in the Western and Eastern realms. Indeed, the teachings of Hodja Ahmet Yassawi, who occupies a great place in our spiritual world, are very relevant now. His words “Know thyself first” seem to be very significant. Then there are Kazakh biys and orators — spiritual mentors of the society, erecting barriers to the decline of the moral space of society. And if so, Kazakh oratory is one of the majestic spiritual universes that formed the system of values. The heritage left by them to descendants is priceless, and centuries-old history is a witness to it. Spiritual culture originates in the samples of folk wis-dom and advanced teachings. People define their relationships, principles of communication and other types of contact primarily on the basis of folk wisdom. Thus, in this article we will consider the problem of com-mon human values, which are in close interrelation with each other, in two hypostases. First, we will analyze the characteristics that are given in oratory to a person (negative-positive) from the perspective of human atti-tudes and traits. Secondly, we aim to take a deeper look into the spiritual and axiological consciousness, into its inner aspects and mysteries.

Speaking and Individual Identity Reflection

Identity is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses an individual's sense of self, their unique characteristics, beliefs, values, and affiliations. It is a dynamic construct that evolves over time and is shaped by various internal and external factors, including personal experiences, social interactions, cultural background, and societal norms. This paper explores the various dimensions of identity and examines the role that identity plays in shaping human behavior, beliefs, and attitudes. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with identity construction, as well as the potential implications of identity-related issues for teaching and learning.

Human-like virtual influencers: human perceptions and attitudes towards an emerging phenomenon

Human-like virtual influencers: human perceptions and attitudes towards an emerging phenomenon

Giving voice to educators: Primary school teachers explain how they promote values to their pupils

Values are the trans-situational goals guiding human attitudes and behavior (Schwartz, 1992). As early socialization agents, teachers have a responsibility to promote democratic values of citizenship to create an inclusive, fair, and sustainable society, necessary for individual and collective well-being (OECD, 2019). By facilitating social and cognitive development through social interactions, the school setting helps spark curiosity, leading to reflection and adaptation. Across the curriculum, teachers use strategies like imitation, modelling, priming, and discussion to help children make sense of the world (Makarova et al., 2024; Oeschger et al., 2022). Yet little empirical evidence exists to support how teachers achieve this. The present study gives voice to educators through the personal experiences of ten UK primary school teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, lasting between 50 and 90 min. Data was analyzed in two stages: First, a deductive structuring content analysis identified how values of self-transcendence versus self-enhancement and openness to change versus conservation, as defined in Schwartz’s (1992) model, were reflected in the interview data. Second, an inductive thematic analysis yielded the following themes: mechanisms of value transmission; implicit vs explicit instruction of values; values that are most difficult to teach; value transmission through taught lessons; the role of collective worship and cultural days; opportunities for value transmission in the wider school environment; and the role that a school culture and ethos play in the transmission of values. This study supports the view that values are promoted through a variety of methods and across all areas of the school environment.

The role of catholic faith on health - post-pandemic: theological reflection

Health is one of the main elements in human life. Everyone always gives ample space for their health. However, sometimes people forget this when their life goals are not well understood or are limited to certain achievements. This scientific work examines the reinterpretation of the Catholic faith as a search for human nature and how the Catholic faith and health are actually an inseparable unity because humans are complete creatures. Apart from that, this scientific work also reflects the ideal human attitude in facing crises, especially health crises in the new post-pandemic era, namely "Being human also means being a healthy human being" because humans who are able to find faith can understand it. the importance of health in their lives. For those who understand the integral relationship between the Catholic faith and health, this provides confirmation of the true dignity of human beings, including their relationship to "the Divine."

Comparative Analysis on Safe Traditional Practices by Iraqi and Philippine Mothers in the Treatment of Newborn Health Problems: A Narrative Review

Background: Traditional practices are usually derived from the relationships with the environment and human attitude towards nature. Various societies, especially in developing nations, have unsafe traditional practices for newborns, traditionally associated with poverty, low educational levels, religiosity, culture, and by word of mouth intergenerationally handed over advice by elders in the families. Objectives: This narrative review points out the prevalence, cultural significance, and health implications of unsafe traditional newborn care practices in Iraq and the Philippines. Methods: Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google. All iterations searched literature among mothers whose neonates were at issues, favoring traditional techniques rather than modern medicine—a total of 51 articles to be reviewed from articles published from 2019 to June 2024. Results: The following ten critical themes of unsafe practices were identified: care of the umbilical cord, feeding, traditional healing, bathing rituals, circumcision, swaddling, and treatments for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and eye problems, besides newborn isolation and practices of exposure. All these practices are comparatively prevalent in the rural setup and are ingrained in the fabric of cultural beliefs and traditions. These could include exposure to infection, complications, developmental delays, and neonatal mortality. The practices have also been associated with the perpetuation of poverty, low literacy levels, and cultural backgrounds. Conclusion: This review indicates that interventions towards these problems have to be multi-faceted. Multiple dimensions can be integrated into evidence-based interventions to improve education and economic opportunities, engagement with religious and cultural leaders, health system strengthening, fomenting research, and community engagement to develop culturally relevant solutions linking tradition and evidence-based care to improve newborn health outcomes.

And the Winner Is - Anthropocentrism and Speciesism: Writing a History of Animals in New Zealand’s Agricultural and Pastoral Events

The paper explores news photographs from New Zealand between 1900 and 1932 and unpacks the happenings at agricultural and pastoral events. It utilizes an archival research strategy to find the news coverage of such events that is informed by an animalcentric philosophy. As such, it engages with critical posthumanist and poststructuralist thought. This allows the presence of nonhuman animals as sentient beings to be recognized and challenges previous approaches of scholarship. Thus, the paper writes farmed nonhuman animals into the history of agricultural and pastoral events. In illustrating what occurred at these events, the paper illuminates the anthropocentric bias and speciesism-grounded principles embedded in human attitudes toward farmed nonhuman animals. Humans treat fellow sentient beings unfairly and unjustly, which is problematic when nonhuman animal sentience provides moral worth. This study contributes to studies in leisure’s ‘animal turn’ by focusing on the entanglements of human and farmed nonhuman animals in events.

Human procurement of meat from lion (Panthera leo) kills: Costs of disturbance and implications for carnivore conservation.

In Africa, humans and large carnivores compete over access to resources, including prey. Disturbance by humans to kills made by carnivores, often for purposes of obtaining all or portions of the carcass, constitutes a form of human-wildlife conflict. However the occurrence of this practice, known as human kleptoparasitism, and its impact on carnivores has received little scientific attention. We obtained expert opinions from African lion researchers and stakeholders via a standardized questionnaire to characterize the geographic extent and frequency of human kleptoparasitism as it occurs in modern times. Our survey found modern human kleptoparasitism on kills made by lions, and possibly other large carnivores in Africa, to be geographically more widespread than previously reported. Meat lost to humans requires carnivores to hunt and kill additional prey thereby causing stress, increasing their energetic costs and risks of natural injury, and exposing them to risk of direct injury or death from human usurpers. Because of their conspicuous behaviors and tendency towards killing large-bodied prey, lions are particularly susceptible to humans detecting their kills. While human kleptoparasitism was geographically widespread, socio-economic factors influenced the frequency of occurrence. Prey type (wild game or domestic livestock) influenced human attitudes towards meat theft; ownership allows for legal recovery of livestock carcasses, while possessing wild game meat is mostly illegal and may incur penalties. Meat theft was associated with other illegal activities (i.e., illegal mining) and most prevalent among people of low income, including underpaid game scouts. Despite quantifiable costs to carnivores of human disturbance to their kills, the majority of experts surveyed reported a lack of knowledge on this practice. We propose that human disturbance at kills, especially loss of prey through human kleptoparasitism, constitutes an important anthropogenic threat that may seriously impact energy budgets of individual lions and other scavengers when meat and carcasses are removed from the ecosystem, and that the costs incurred by carnivores warrants further investigation.

The Moderating Effect of Human Rights Education: Examining the Relationship Between Parental Abuse, Child Self-Esteem, and Human Rights Attitude.

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of child self-esteem in the relationship between parental abuse and children's human rights attitude, while exploring the moderating effect of children's participation in human rights education on these associations. Using data from 2020 Children and Youth Human Rights Survey (N = 5,673 students, 50% female, mean age = 15.53), we conducted structural equation modeling to assess the conceptual model's validity. Parental abuse showed a negative relationship with human rights attitude. For children not participating in human rights education, self-esteem acted as a partial mediator, while for participating children, self-esteem served as a full mediator. Paradoxically, human rights education may be linked to lower self-esteem in certain groups of children. The magnitude of the negative association between parental abuse and self-esteem was stronger for those who participated in human rights education compared to those who did not. This implies that the psychological well-being maintained through dysfunctional protective systems may momentarily crumble when faced with contradictory information. These compelling findings furnish valuable perspectives on the significance of equipping children with knowledge and principles related to human rights, a crucial aspect in molding their outlooks, coping mechanisms, and fortitude when confronted with challenging situations. Based on these results, the importance of human rights education and the need for careful composition of human rights education content for abused children were discussed.

Can large language models estimate public opinion about global warming? An empirical assessment of algorithmic fidelity and bias

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to estimate human attitudes and behavior, including measures of public opinion, a concept referred to as algorithmic fidelity. This study assesses the algorithmic fidelity and bias of LLMs in estimating public opinion about global warming. LLMs were conditioned on demographics and/or psychological covariates to simulate survey responses. Findings indicate that LLMs can effectively reproduce presidential voting behaviors but not global warming opinions unless the issue relevant covariates are included. When conditioned on both demographic and covariates, GPT-4 demonstrates improved accuracy, ranging from 53% to 91%, in predicting beliefs and attitudes about global warming. Additionally, we find an algorithmic bias that underestimates the global warming opinions of Black Americans. While highlighting the potential of LLMs to aid social science research, these results underscore the importance of conditioning, model selection, survey question format, and bias assessment when employing LLMs for survey simulation.

Avenues for Coexistence: How Perception of Costs and Benefits Shape Attitudes towards Wolves

AbstractHuman dimensions play a pivotal role in wolf management and conservation. To offer an informed basis to improve Human-Wolf coexistence, we explore how socio-demographic factors, fear, knowledge, and perceptions of costs and benefits of wolf presence drive human attitudes in the southern area of the Douro River, Portugal, a region inhabited by a small and endangered wolf population. We interviewed 220 people (175 from the general public, 13 hunters, and 32 livestock owners) through a semi-structured survey organized on a 5-point Likert scale. Public and hunter respondents exhibited neutral to positive attitudes, whereas livestock owners expressed negative to neutral attitudes and revealed a Not-In-My-Backyard sentiment. We found that positive attitudes were linked to a greater receptiveness to increased wolf numbers, particularly in areas of irregular wolf presence. Fear was a significant driver of public attitudes, while the presence of wolves influenced livestock owners’views. For both groups, attitudes were also influenced by perceived costs and benefits. Knowledge about wolves did not significantly influence attitudes, with scores being consistently low across groups, and the myth of reintroduction persisting. Thus, management actions should address the concerns and complaints of individuals directly affected by wolves, dispel common fears and myths, and emphasize the ecological and economic benefits of wolf presence in the territory. Media outlets can serve as strategic partners in engaging the neutral population through untargeted interventions. Prioritizing the input of all groups, including conservationists, is essential for establishing common ground and ensuring sustained coexistence.

Realitas Sosial dalam Novel “Ayahku Bukan Pembohong” Karya Tere Liye

This research aims to identify and analyze the social values contained in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye. The selection of such a novel is because it contains many elements of social value both in the context of the individual, family and society. In this study the author will discuss several formula problems with the following coverage: 1) How is the social value of the relationship of the main character with his peers in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye? 2) How does the social values of the relation of the main character with family in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye? 3) How is the sosial value of the relationship of the main character with society in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye? This research uses a descriptive method of culiatative. These stages of research are data collection, data reduction, data display, conclusion making or verification. From this research it can be concluded that man is one of the social beings that is inseparable from the other individuals to a purpose in life. Simple social interaction is a complex process, because it is based on several factors, both individualistic and combined. Social conflict is a social process in which individuals or groups seek to their goals by opposing opponents accompanied by threats or violence. Such circumstances can lead to conflict and even debate among human groups. But on the other hand, social conflict can also lead to positive changes in societies, trigger reform, correct injustice, and drive social change that is supposed to be necessary. Social change refers to a transformation in the structure, values, norms, cultures, and social interactions in a society that then affects a change in human attitudes. Social change affects the attitudes of human beings in society in a variety of ways, such as the adoption of a new value, changes in social norms or changes in habits and patterns of behavior.

Human Movement and Attitude Detection System Based on Flexible High Tensile Sensor of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Excellent mechanical properties and outstanding optical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes influence the fabrication of suitable devices and micro-electronic parts and systems, and they have been broadly applied in related fields. This paper aims to study the application of flexible high-stretch sensors of single-walled carbon nanotubes in human motion and attitude detection systems. In this paper, algorithm for human motion detection is proposed according to the content of human motion posture detection, and the properties of single-walled carbon tubing are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that with the increase of carbon nanotube tubing, the reaction speed and sensitivity increase gradually. The reaction speed and sensitivity were 39% when the content was 1.5 wt%, 42% when the content was 2.0 wt%, and 59% when the content was 2.5 wt%. In summary, it can be found that within a certain range, the increase of carbon nanotube content can effectively reduce the hysteresis error of the sensor. It makes the sensitivity of the flexible high-stretch sensor higher, thereby improving the accuracy of the human motion attitude detection system.

The Work-life Balance Among Private Secondary School Teachers

The work-life balance emphasizes the relevance of behavioral and psychological development for public and commercial sector workers. It highlights how many workers lack the moral, emotional, and psychological stability for productive work and positive working relationships. It is advised that workers participate in work-life balance programs to help them manage their personal and professional lives. It is essential to comprehend the underlying causes of human attitudes and behaviors and the effects of managerial decisions and the organizational environment. Furthermore, the study used descriptive statistics with 50 faculty and staff through convenient sampling. The instruments also passed through validity and reliability testing. The study reveals that on the demographic profile, there were f=25, 50% of the employees were under probationary; also, it must have f=28, 56% under the tenure of 1-2 years in service to the organization; further, there were f=41; 82% with a salary of 10-20,000 Php, moreover, f=33 or 66% worked teacher. These figures revealed that most of them are establishing individuals. Furthermore, behavioral Management has an M=3.51; SD=.610 as interpreted as a very high work-life balance, while the emotional and psychological has an M=3.44; SD=.593 as interpreted as "very high work-life balance; while intellectual and survival have an M=3.56; SD=.501, as interpreted as "very high work-life balance; while vocational and spiritual with an M=3.48; SD=.583. Further reveals that the overall M=3.50; SD=.572 of work-life balance constitutes that faculty maintains personal and professional composure. Spillover theory proves that every professional has personal and professional boundaries that can influence their performance.

The "First daughter" effect: Human rights advocacy and attitudes toward gender equality in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.

International concern for the human rights of Afghan women has spiked since the Taliban consolidated power in Afghanistan in fall 2021. Yet little is known about how to effectively advocate for women's human rights under this new context. We present findings from a random sample of all adult Afghan internet users' attitudes toward peace, security, gender, and human rights and find significant support for women's human rights as a national priority within Afghanistan, even when controlling for other priorities and even among many men and women aligned with the Taliban. Given that men now have much more political power in Afghan society to protect women's rights, we paid particular attention to men's attitudes toward women's human rights. Our evidence from an embedded survey experiment, building on earlier literature from other countries, demonstrates that fathers of eldest daughters are particularly likely to favor prioritizing women's rights when primed to think about the gender of their eldest children. Thus, the human rights and humanitarian community should spend more time and attention engaging with this demographic, and specifically creating marketing and advocacy strategies that encourage men to think about or act on behalf of their eldest daughters.

Mapping human‐carnivore coexistence: approaches to integrating anthropogenic influences on carnivore distribution and connectivity modelling

AbstractInterdisciplinary approaches to modelling human‐wildlife coexistence have gained much attention in recent years, especially regarding carnivores which are subject to historical human persecution and dynamic attitudes and cultural values. Accordingly, there have been many attempts to gain insights into anthropogenic influences on carnivores through the use of species distribution models and connectivity analyses. However, there have been no global reviews on how anthropogenic influences are incorporated into such models. We conducted a literature review of global terrestrial carnivore species distribution and connectivity studies from 1995 to 2021 to evaluate the type of measure, frequency of use and spatial scale of the predictor variables used to describe environmental conditions and assess anthropogenic influences in such predictive models. We evaluated 2495 variables from 263 carnivore distribution and connectivity studies and found that variables used to describe environmental conditions are four times more commonly used than those used to assess anthropogenic influences on carnivores. However, the number of anthropogenic covariates used in carnivore distribution and connectivity studies has increased by 4.7% per year, and the spatial resolution of those covariates has simultaneously decreased by 7.6% per year. We observed that anthropogenic covariates were used more in studies occurring in the global north and for larger‐bodied carnivores (>15 kg), suggesting the need for better integration of anthropogenic metrics into predictive models more widely and for smaller‐bodied carnivores. To help guide and advance the further use of sociological data into predictive spatial models for carnivores, we propose a framework that emphasizes integration of sociological methodologies and data sources ranging from exploratory expert elicitation to targeted focus group interviews at multiple phases in the conservation planning process.

Reasoning Ecological Fatwas: The Progressive Response of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to the Phenomenon of Climate Change in Indonesia

This article aims to discuss the epistemological footing of MUI's ecological fatwa and its contribution in responding to the phenomenon of climate change. Today's environmental crisis is no longer a threat to the earth, but has become a reality. Climate change that occurs on a national and global scale leaves a negative impact on the lives of the earth's inhabitants. One of the causes of the environmental crisis is the attitude of humans who are not friendly to the environment. Humans as God's ambassadors on earth are arbitrary in utilizing the potential of natural resources destructively and exploitatively. Therefore, guidance is needed for Muslims in their interactions with the surrounding environment. MUI as a religious authority has contributed in overcoming the environmental crisis and climate change. The ecological fatwas issued by MUI are expected to be able to change the attitude and behavior of Muslims to become environmentally aware (eco-literacy). Epistemologically, MUI's environmentally friendly fatwas are based on maqāṣid sharī'ah reasoning through maslahat-mafsadat analysis. The approach used in finding the value of the spirit of environmental conservation is based on naṣ qaṭ'ī, qaulī and manhajī methods. These three sources of knowledge are formulated in an environmentally friendly fatwa product as a response to the environmental crisis that has become a global discourse today. Thus, MUI's fatwa can function as a tool of social control and a tool of social engineering at the same time.

Deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence for investigating dental professionals' satisfaction with CAD software performance.

This study aimed to examine the satisfaction of dental professionals, including dental students, dentists, and dental technicians, with computer-aided design (CAD) software performance using deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)-based behavioral analysis concepts. This study involved 436 dental professionals with diverse CAD experiences to assess their satisfaction with various dental CAD software programs. Through exploratory factor analysis, latent factors affecting user satisfaction were extracted from the observed variables. A multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) model was developed along with permutation feature importance analysis (PFIA) and the Shapley additive explanation (Shapley) method to gain XAI-based insights into individual factors' significance and contributions. The MLP-ANN model outperformed a standard logistic linear regression model, demonstrating high accuracy (95%), precision (84%), and recall rates (84%) in capturing complex psychological problems related to human attitudes. PFIA revealed that design adjustability was the most important factor impacting dental CAD software users' satisfaction. XAI analysis highlighted the positive impacts of features supporting the finish line and crown design, while the number of design steps and installation time had negative impacts. Notably, finish-line design-related features and the number of design steps emerged as the most significant factors. This study sheds light on the factors influencing dental professionals' decisions in using and selecting CAD software. This approach can serve as a proof-of-concept for applying DL-XAI-based behavioral analysis in dentistry and medicine, facilitating informed software selection and development.

Wondering Animals: Reflections on Human Exceptionality

Both historically and in common human practices, attitudes, and beliefs, a sense of human exceptionality in comparison with other animals undergirds normative anthropocentrism, i.e. prioritization of human interests. The question I wish to address in this article is whether we can use a particular element of the cognitive apparatus or toolkit that supposedly makes us special, namely our s e n s e of wonder, to decenter us. Several authors have argued that when we view other beings or the natural world with wonder, we are inclined to care for and wish to protect them. But here I am interested in what happens when we turn our sense of wonder onto ourselves as the peculiar animal, the strange evolutionary experiment that we are. Not, as has historically been done, in an admiring way, but in an evaluatively more neutral way, characterized by puzzlement, an attunement to mystery, and a sense of unlikeliness and contingency. In particular, how might our thinking about ourselves change when we think from a wonder that revolves around our embodiment, around that which roots us most firmly in the world, in “nature,” and reminds us most clearly of our membership of a community of earthly life? Wondering at and about ourselves as an animal species may remind us of our material embeddedness in the world, but what could its ethical import be? More specifically, the paper explores whether there is an escape from the ethical quandaries of human exceptionality, which relate to the impossibility of doing with or without that exceptionality. I argue that there is not, but that in wonder we can hold together incompatible possibilities.

Risywah in the Perspective of Islamic and Positive Law

Risywah is strictly prohibited in Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. This action cannot be separated from human behavior or attitudes in which there are always evil actions or intentions. Where someone will commit theft or bribery to further their interests, this act is more identically carried out by unscrupulous government officials in order to fulfill their needs or the interests of their group. We can find these actions in everyday life where sinful actions are carried out by anyone who wants to own something that is not rightfully theirs. Thus, not only does this theft and bribery have a negative impact on the perpetrator, it also has a detrimental impact on society.